scholarly journals Electrochemical deposition of tin-copper alloy coatings

Doklady BGUIR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
D. Y. Gulpa ◽  
I. I. Kuzmar ◽  
L. K. Kushner ◽  
N. V. Dezhkunov ◽  
A. A. Khmyl
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Ultrasound Intensity ◽  
Cathode Current ◽  
Composition Structure

Solderable tin-base alloy coatings are widely used when assembling electronic products. The reorientation of production to lead-free technologies sets the task of developing new technological processes for the formation of coatings for electrical contacts with stable electrical properties, high soldering ability, which lasts for a long time. The features of the process of electrodeposition of coatings with a tin-copper alloy were experimentally investigated and the regularities of the influence of the electrolyte composition, current density, and ultrasound intensity on the cathode current efficiency of the alloy, the deposition rate, elemental composition, structure and functional properties of the precipitation were established. For sonochemical treatment an experimental setup developed at Research Laboratory 5.2 of BSUIR, which makes it possible to vary the intensity of ultrasonic vibrations in the range of 0.058– 1.7 W/cm2 , was used. It has been established that the use of ultrasound changes the formation mechanism of the electrochemical alloy, reduces cathodic polarization, increases the value of the limiting current and makes it possible to control the composition and structure of the precipitates. With an increase in the intensity from 0.12 to 0.95 W/cm2  the amount of copper in the coating increases by 4.5 times. The spreading coefficient of the solder is 92.59–98.44 %.

CDA C18700

Alloy Digest ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Copper Base ◽  
Screw Machine ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Copper Base Alloy

Abstract CDA C18700 is a copper-base alloy containing lead (nominally 1.0%). The lead is added to impart free-cutting properties to the metal. Although the lead lowers the electrical conductivity of CDA C18700 slightly below that of tough-pitch copper, it still has high electrical conductivity well within the limits needed for most current-carrying requirements. Typical uses comprise electrical motor and switch parts, electrical connectors and screw-machine parts requiring high conductivity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-533. Producer or source: Copper and copper alloy mills.

SYLVANIA WN-103

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Current

Abstract Sylvania WN-103 is a machinable tungsten-base alloy combining high density with high strength in both compression and tension. It is recommended for counterweights, gyroscope components and high current electrical contacts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: W-13. Producer or source: Sylvania Electric Products Inc..

SYLVANIA WN-102

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
High Density

Abstract Sylvania WN-102 is a tungsten-base alloy combining high density with high strength in both compression and tension. It is recommended for radioactive shielding, counterweights, electrical contacts for high currents, gyroscopes, flywheels and governors. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: W-12. Producer or source: Sylvania Electric Products Inc..

scholarly journals The Psychology of Queuing for Self-Service: Reciprocity and Social Pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanyeong Kim ◽  
Yun Lee ◽  
Kun Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Pressure ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Service Usage ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Operation Efficiency ◽  
Customer Interaction ◽  
Service Operation ◽  
Usage Behavior ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Self Service

Many services are provided in the form of self-service. In self-service, customers simultaneously become the sole producer and a consumer of a service. Using a scenario-based experiment, we examine the psychology of queuing for self-service, and how inter-customer interaction affects service operation efficiency. We assumed that customers could decide how long they would use a service, and that length of usage increases the value of the service, such as in experience stores where customers try out newly released electronic products. Subjects decide how long they will use a service under different conditions of waiting time and social pressure. We found that generalized reciprocity influenced decisions on service time. Customers who had waited for service for long time chose to use the service for long time when it became their turn, and vice versa—subjects reciprocated the previous customer’s service usage behavior. We also show that the presence of social pressure affects customers’ service usage behavior. Under social pressure, customers tend to reciprocate the negative behavior of a previous customer less.

Multilayer Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy W. Barbee
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Transmission Electron Micrograph ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Titanium Nickel ◽  
Composition Structure

Multilayers, as considered in the following articles, are manmade thin-film materials periodic in one dimension in composition or in composition and structure. This composition/structure variation is generated during synthesis, which is typically accomplished using atom-by-atom technologies. Individual component layers in a multilayer may vary in thickness from one atomic layer (~2 Å) to hundreds of atomic layers (~1,000 Å) of a given material.An example of these synthetic micro-structures, a lattice image transmission electron micrograph of a cross section of a hundred period titanium (63 Å)/titanium-nickel (40 Å) multilayer microstructure fabricated using magnetron sputtering, is shown on the cover of this issue of the MRS BULLETIN. The titanium-nickel layers are amorphous as a result of the low substrate temperature (<75°C) and the very large atomic quench rates characteristic of vapor deposition (>1012 K/s). The elemental titanium layers are fiber textured with the basal plane of this hexagonal close-pack structure element in the plane of the layers. These (00.1) planes are the ones lattice imaged in this electron micrograph.The general concept of a multilayer structure, as illustrated above, is now well accepted because the ability to synthesize such materials for scientific study and technological application has been demonstrated at many nationally and internationally based laboratories.

Microarray-Based Characterization of Microbial Community Functional Structure and Heterogeneity Associated with Acid Mine Drainages

2015 ◽  
Vol 1130 ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shen ◽  
Hua Qun Yin ◽  
Qi Hu ◽  
Xue Duan Liu ◽  
Guan Zhou Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
And Function

Acid mine drainage (AMD) presents numerous problems to the aquatic life and surrounding ecosystems. However, little is known about the geographic distribution, diversity, composition, structure and function of AMD microbial communities. In this study, an AMD-specific microarray was used to analyze nine AMD microbial communities, and showed that those nine AMD microbial communities had high variations measured by the number of detected genes, overlapping genes between samples, unique genes, and diversity indices. Statistical analyses indicated that the concentrations of Fe, S, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and pH had strong impacts on both phylogenetic and functional diversity, composition, and structure of AMD microbial communities. This study provides insights into our understanding of the geographic distribution, diversity, composition, structure and functional potential of AMD microbial communities and key environmental factors shaping them.

Analysis on Mechanical and Electrical Products

2013 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 576-580
Author(s):  
Dan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Price System ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Processing Level ◽  
Export Strategy ◽  
Quantitative Estimates ◽  
Electromechanical Products ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Export Product

Actively expanding the export of machinery and electronic products, improving the export product composition is one of our important goals for foreign trade export strategy, standard quantitative analysis of the economic benefits of the export of electromechanical products is an important annulus to achieve this goal ,for a long time, due to domestic and foreign different price system and electromechanical products processing level changes a lot , how the economic benefits of China's export of electromechanical products, there still has been a different understanding. To the country, exports machinery and electronic products is at a loss, while others think, for instance, exports machinery and electronic products is false loss, they are the countries tax in exports of machinery and electronic products. Whether has the ability to compensate for the price system and the unreasonable exchange rate or not? It is difficult to answer this question accurately without quantitative estimates, thus it is difficult to make perfect evaluation of the economic benefits of the export of electromechanical products.

Study of Properties of Ni-Base Nano-ZrO2 Composite Plating Coatings

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 1452-1456
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Ben Liang Sun ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Cathode Current Density ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Optimum Process Parameter ◽  
Composite Plating ◽  
Cathode Current ◽  
Plating Layer

The surface of copper plate of the mold need to be reinforced to obtain the plating coatings with high hardness and corrosion resistant properties. Nowadays, Ni-base alloy coatings is used widely in the industrial production. In order to raise the service life of mold, the experiments on the property of Ni-base nano ZrO2 composite plating coatings was done in this paper. The experiments were planned with the orthogonal test design method. The effective factors on the property of coatings, bath temperature, cathode current density, the distance between two electrodes and the magnitude of Nano-ZrO2,were experimentally studied. The optimum process parameter were obtained. The results show that the composite plating layer of Ni-base Nano ZrO2 with good properties can be obtained.The optimal conditions are as follows: the bath temperature is 40 °C, cathode current density is 3A/dm2, the distance between two electrodes is 12 cm, the magnitude of Nano-ZrO2 is 12g/L. In addition binding strength of the coatings were measured quantitatively, and the structure of the plating layer were observed with SEM. The layer with good properties can be obtained in this method.

scholarly journals A model for producing polymer stabilizers of composites with a given macromolecule composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-266
Author(s):  
S. S. Glazkov ◽  
D. S. Glazkov ◽  
V. A. Kozlov ◽  
Y. F. Shutilin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
The Given ◽  
Kinetics Of

An attempt has been made to obtain a working technological formula that regulates the addition of comonomer over time, which ensures the synthesis of a copolymer macromolecule with a constant composition and, accordingly, with predicted properties of both the copolymer and its modified porous composite materials. Mathematical modeling is based on the theory of the kinetics of copolymerization, which takes into account the reactivity of monomers by means of copolymerization constants of reacting comonomers. The starting base was the kinetics of the copolymerization of two comonomers, significantly differing in their reactivity, which required a sequential, stepwise supply of a less reactive monomer to the reaction medium with a more active monomer. This technological technique contributes to maintaining the constancy of the initial ratio of comonomers and, accordingly, the synthesis of a copolymer with a constant composition, structure and properties. The dependence of the sequence of supply of comonomer to the reaction medium required the introduction of a generalized effective binary copolymerization rate coefficient. To find the generalized coefficient of the copolymerization rate, the operation of logarithm was performed and the current expression of the dependence of the concentration change of the more active monomer in time in a linear form was translated. This mathematical technique made it possible to use software to process reference information to obtain the necessary coefficients for the working formula. As a result of mathematical modeling using the basic principles of binary copolymerization, the law of effective masses, and the least squares method, a working formula is obtained that allows one to regulate the given introduction of a less active monomer into the reaction medium in time. The model is analyzed using background information, the basic concepts of binary copolymerization and can be used in technological calculations when producing copolymers with specified characteristics in composition and structure.

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