scholarly journals Power Distance as A National Culture Observed in Organizational Scope

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Arief Noviarakhman Zagladi
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Private University ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Organizational Scope ◽  
University Lecturers ◽  
Research Show

Objective - Cultural factors have significant roles in creating behavior in an organization. This research claims that national culture like power distance that is usually measured in a national scope actually can have a better result when it is measured in the organizational scope. The goal of this research is to find out the level of power distance among private lecturers in Banjarmasin, Indonesia, and compare it to Hofstede's power distance for the whole country. Methodology/Technique - This research uses explanatory research that tries to understand the degree of power distance among private university lecturers in Banjarmasin. The populations used were all lecturers in private colleges in Banjarmasin City. The samples used were 86 lecturers who have become a lecturer for at least 2 years. The analysis is done through a descriptive quantitative method measuring the level of power distance among lecturers in Banjarmasin and with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to understand which indicators that have the strongest influence in creating power distance culture among lecturers in Banjarmasin. Findings – The results of the research show that power distance culture is low among the lecturers in Banjarmasin City, with indicator "The level of authority used by the leader" as the lowest factor. The result also finds that the indicator "subordinates Exclusion in decision-making" as the strongest indicator to form power distance culture. Novelty - This research conducted in the context of Indonesia using primary data. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: National culture; Organizational culture; Power distance; Hofstede; Banjarmasin City. JEL Classification: M50, M54.

scholarly journals Professional Commitment And Whistleblowing Intention: The Role Of National Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Rustiarini ◽  
Anik Yuesti ◽  
Ni Putu Shinta Dewi
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Professional Commitment ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Whistleblowing Intention

This study aims to identify the effect of professional commitment on whistleblowing intentions. This study also analyzes the role of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture as moderating variable, including power distance, collectivism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation. This study used a survey method. The primary data collection was through a questionnaire distributed to 92 auditors in accounting firms in Bali Province. The result shows that professional commitment positively affects whistleblowing intention. The moderating variable's roles are power distance and collectivism's culture weaken professional commitment and whistleblowing intention relationship. Two other cultures, namely masculinity and a long-term orientation, are proven to strengthen the relationship between professional commitment and whistleblowing intention. Contrary, uncertainty avoidance culture has no significant effect. Theoretically, this study confirms the role of the national culture in the auditing context. This result practically adds insight to regulators and accounting firm leaders in formulating regulations regarding the appropriate whistleblowing system for organizations. There are two limitations. First, this study uses a survey method. This method allows for social desirability bias for sensitive variables, such as whistleblowing. This study also uses the national culture popularized by Hofstede about forty years ago. Thus, further research might use other popular models.

scholarly journals Consumer Lifestyle Forming Under the Influence of National Culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srđan Šapić ◽  
Jovana Lazarević ◽  
Veljko Marinković
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Culture Dimensions ◽  
Culture Influence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Relationship

Research Question: This paper examines the influence of femininity and collectivism as a dimension of Serbian national culture on activities, interests and opinions, i.e., consumer lifestyle components. Motivation: Consumer lifestyle is largely shaped by the effects of the culture to which consumers belong. Starting from the relevant Kotler & Keller (2017) consumer behaviour model that demonstrates the previously given fact, as well as identified research gap related to investigating the influence of Hofstede's national culture dimensions on activities, interests and opinions as lifestyle components, the study gives useful insights into the importance of knowing and respecting cultural differences when defining marketing strategies that aim to shape or influence a particular consumer lifestyle. The study contributes to the existing literature by providing a new idea for developing a research framework that could be used in cross-cultural or consumer behaviour studies. Idea: The basic idea of this study is to empirically test the relationship between national culture dimensions and consumer lifestyle components. The study was conducted using collectivism and femininity as independent variables, and activities, interest and opinions, i.e., lifestyle components as dependent variables. Data: Empirical research was conducted on a sample of 251 consumers from central Serbia using a survey method during July and August 2020. Tools: Processing of primary data was performed using statistical software SPSS 20 and AMOS 20 utilizing descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling. Findings: The study first confirms the presence of collectivism and femininity as Serbian national culture dimensions, and then indicates the existence of a statistically significant effect of observed national culture dimensions on consumer lifestyle components. Related to this, results indicate the existence of a statistically significant effect of femininity on activities and opinions, while collectivism determines only activities as a lifestyle component. Contribution: The paper provides an analysis of national culture influence on lifestyle as an important sociological determinant of consumer behaviour and also provides practical implications for marketers.

The Impact of Social Capital on Human Wellbeing: Empirical Evidence from Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan)

2018 ◽  
pp. 130-155
Author(s):  
Fozia Munir ◽  
Mirajul Haq ◽  
Syed Nisar Hussain Hamadani
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
The Impact

Maximization of wellbeing is the exceedingly targeted objective that conventional economics going forward. Keeping in view its central place, economists developed well-structured models and tools in order to measure and investigate wellbeing. In received literature, on the subject, various factors have been investigated that affecting wellbeing. However, wellbeing which is viewed from different approaches and is of a different form is not shaping equally with different types of factors. In this context, this study is an attempt to investigate how subjective wellbeing is affecting by social capital. The basic hypothesis is that “individual wellbeing moves parallel with its social capital”. The hypothesis is empirically tested using primary data set of 848 individuals collecting form Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The empirical estimates indicate that keeping other factors constant, an individual that embodied more social capital enjoy more wellbeing in their life. JEL Classification: B24, I30, C43

scholarly journals The Need for Uniqueness among Gulf Cooperation Council Countries’ Consumers: A Cross-Culture Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Sarah G. Alzahrani ◽  
Lauren Copeland
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Need For Uniqueness ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Culture Dimensions

Understanding differences among consumers across varying cultures is of great importance to the success of international retailers. Ignoring the influence of culture and centralized marketing has led to a decline in profits for some international companies. Studying the culture of Middle East countries, particularly the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (GCCC), Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman, is essential before marketing in these countries. Additionally, the GCCC is one of the top 10 luxury markets in the world. Hofstede model of national culture is crucial for GCCC due to the fact culture norms regarding dress and appearance are nationally adopted. A sample of 170 participants from the GCCC was collected using an online questionnaire of 45 items measuring national culture dimensions and need for uniqueness when shopping for luxury goods. It was found that power distance in all GCCC countries was a significant predictor of having a need for uniqueness, as well as indulgence. Power distance had a positive relationship with the need for uniqueness while indulgence had a negative relationship with the need for uniqueness. For other dimensions, findings indicated that long term vs short term orientation, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and individualism were not significant predictors leading to uniqueness. Additionally, the important construct for uniqueness among GCCC consumers is unpopular choice followed by avoiding similarity. Creative choice is less important among the three constructs of uniqueness for GCCC participants. 

How congruent are managers’ perceptions of cultural distance with objective reality?

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Azar
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perceived Cultural Distance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which managers’ perceptions of cultural distance – one of the most important explanatory factors in the field of international business – are congruent with objective reality. Design/methodology/approach – By subjecting a sample of 242 export ventures to correlation and confirmatory factor analyses, managers’ perceptions of the cultural distance (i.e. perceived cultural distance) between 29 international markets and Sweden (the home market) were compared, with “objective” cultural distance gauged using Hofstede's (1980) scores for dimensions of national culture. Findings – A statistically significant correlation was found between managers’ perceptions of cultural distance and “objective” cultural distance. Originality/value – Despite the importance of perceptual data in many theoretical and practical domains, few studies analyze the validity of such data. The present findings validate the congruence of perceptual data regarding cultural distance with “objective” cultural distance.

scholarly journals Dimensions of national cultures and organisational behaviour

Kultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 323-345
Author(s):  
Gordana Đuretić ◽  
Nevena Krasulja
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Climate ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Organisational Behaviour ◽  
Main Support ◽  
Very High

The main goal of this paper is to point out that the dimensions of national cultures have a huge impact on different aspects of organisational behaviour. The main support in the work is Hofstede's five-dimensional cultural model. The authors pay special attention to the dimensions of power distance and uncertainty avoidance. When both of indexes are high at the level of national culture, organizational climate will have some special features such as high hierarchical pyramids, centralised decision making, and autocratic behaviour of managers, negative attitudes towards work, stress and lack of entrepreneurial behaviour. Also, special interest in this topic results from the fact that both of these dimensions in Serbia are very high.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EFEKTIVITAS KEPEMIMPINAN DAN KINERJA DOSEN DALAM PENINGKATAN MUTU TERHADAP STRATEGI PEMASARAN PERGURUAN TINGGI DI ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Dwi Faqihatus Syarifah Has ◽  
Eka Srirahayu Ariestiningsih ◽  
Nur Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Leadership Effectiveness ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Private University ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
The University

Pemimpin menjadi ujung tombak yang menentukan keberhasilan suatu organisasi. Begitu pula yang terjadi dalam pendidikan tinggi. PTS sebagai sarana meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dihadapkan kepada persaingan yang lebih ketat diantara PTS dan PTN. Hal tersebut menyebabkan PTS perlu mengadopsi strategi pemasaran yang digunakan dalam industri non pendidikan. Salah satu unsur dalam meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan, selain pimpinan adalah kinerja dosen, untuk dapat menjamin terjadinya penguasaan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi maka tingkat keprofesionalan kinerja dosen harus ditingkatkan pula. Pengelola PTS harus mulai menjalankan kegiatan operasionalnya dengan berorientasi pada mutu kinerja PTS yang ditunjang dengan kepemimpinan yang efektif, dan kinerja dosen, sehingga mereka dapat memenangkan persaingan atau paling tidak bertahan dalam menghadapi persaingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh antara efektifitas kepemimpinan dan kinerja Dosen dalam peningkatan Mutu terhadap Strategi Pemasaran PT. Data terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei di Perguruan Tinggi X dengan sampel 22 responden. Analisis Data menggunakan Analsis Deskriptif dan Regresi Linier. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan Efektifitas Kepemimpinan dan Kinerja Dosen mempunyai pengaruh dengan tingkat Signifikansi 0,013 dan 0,043. Faktor yang paling besar pengaruhnya terhadap Peningkatan Mutu PT adalah Efektifitas Pimpinan.  Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan kondisi yang terjadi di Perguruan Tinggi X yang resmi diakuisisi oleh Universitas Y dan menjadi Fakultas Kesehatan Universitas Y.  Private University as a means of improving the quality of human resources is faced with tighter competition between Private University and Public University. This causes Pruvate University to adopt a marketing strategy used in non-education industries. One of the elements in improving the quality of education, in addition to the leadership is the performance of lecturers, to be able to guarantee the mastery of science and technology then the level of professional performance of lecturers should be improved as well. Private University Manager must start their operational activities with the quality which oriented performance of Private University which is supported by effective leadership, and the performance of lecturers, so that they can win the competition or at least survive in Against competition.  This study aims to analyze the effect of leadership effectiveness and the performance of lecturers in improving the quality of the Marketing Strategy of  University. Data consists of primary data and secondary data. The study was conducted in May at University X with a sample of 22 respondents. Data Analysis using Descriptive Analysis and Linear Regression. The results is Effectiveness of Leadership and Lecturer Performance has an influence with a significance level of 0.013 and 0.043. The most influential factor on University Quality Improvement is Leadership Effectiveness. The results of this study are in accordance with the conditions that occurred in the University X which was officially acquired by the University Y as the Univerity Y at Health Faculty.

scholarly journals E-working: Country Versus Culture Dimension

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Michal Beňo
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Geert Hofstede ◽  
Different Cultures

Globalisation and increasing digitisation mean that companies must increasingly orientate themselves internationally in order to become (more) competitive or to remain competitive. Promoting e-working can revitalise rural development. The issue involved is always interaction between people from different cultures, between people who, according to their cultural backgrounds, feel, think and act differently. When cultural diversity and differences are taken into account, greater creativity, more diverse ideas and faster problem solving are achieved. The cultural dimensions, according to Geert Hofstede, offer a comprehensive model for capturing the various expressions of intercultural values. This paper examines the motives for applying e-working in selected European countries in 2018 according to Hofstede’s six dimensions of national culture. Twenty-eight countries from the Eurostat database were analysed (Finland and the Netherlands were excluded, and software detected them in the e-working variable as outliers). Correlation with e-working is statistically significant at PDI (power distance index - negative: the lower the PDI index, the higher the proportion of e-working) and IVR index (indulgence versus restraint - positive: the higher the IVR index, the higher the proportion of e-working).

scholarly journals PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN FAKULTAS EKONOMI DI PERGURUAN TINGGI SWASTA DI MAKASSAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Labi Bandhaso ◽  
Natalia Paranoan
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Private University ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
University Lecturers

This study aims to determine the effect of job satisfaction and motivation on the lecturer performance at private universities in Makassar. The research conducted on the lecturer of faculty of economics at three private universities in Makassar South Sulawesi by using mail survey and sending 150 questionnaires to the respondents. Sampling technique used in this study is random sampling. Data were collected at 101 and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The analysis result showed that job satisfaction gives positive impact and significant on the performance of private university lecturers in Makassar, and motivation gives positive impact and significant on the performance of private university lecturers in Makassar. The results of multiple regression analysis showed motivation and job satisfaction simultaneously have positive and significant impact on the performance of private university lecturers in Makassar.

scholarly journals MANAJEMEN PEMBIAYAAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN MUTU (Studi Kasus Pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Menengah di Surabaya)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Achmad Anwar Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Secondary Data Source ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Source Management

<p>Financing a good management is one key to the success of an educational institution to promote or increase quality. In this study, the focus of the problem is how the management of financing available to the private universities in Surabaya medium in order to improve its quality. The method used is qualitative descriptive with the presence of the researcher as an instrument of research conducted interviews to informants as a source of primary data and documents as well as supporting books as a secondary data source. Management Funding education is one of the factors that determine the quality improvement due to the financial management that is transparent and accountable will give rise to the belief of stakehoulder and it will be the motivation of each academicians Tri Dharma College in Private colleges medium in Surabaya to conduct quality improvement in their respective fields.</p>

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