USING THE METHODOLOGY OF CARCINOGENIC RISKS ASSESSMENT IN COPPER PYROMETALLURGY

We conducted a hygienic assessment of the chemical factors contribution of the production environment to the formation of carcinogenic risk of workers employed in the reverberatory and blast smelting of copper-containing ores, compared with autogenous processes. Inorganic arsenic compounds have been shown to be a major factor forming a carcinogenic risk in copper smelting. The greatest prognostic values of carcinogenic risk for similar professions of metallurgical shops are observed during reverberatory and blast smelting, rather than during bath smelting due to the difference in the equipment used. The main measure to reduce the carcinogenic risk of blister copper production should be the technical reequipment of smelters with the introduction of autogenous processes.

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Applying of Technique for Assessing Occupational Cancerogenic Risks for Workers Used in Metallurgical Shops With Different Methods of Blister Copper Production

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.83600 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 206s-206s

Author(s):

V. Adrianovskii ◽

G. Lipatov ◽

E. Kuzmina ◽

N. Zlygosteva

Keyword(s):

Work Experience ◽

Inorganic Arsenic ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Blister Copper ◽

Working Environment ◽

Copper Production ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Molten Bath ◽

Cadmium Lead ◽

Lead Nickel

Background: Exposure to carcinogens at workers used in the enterprises of copper metallurgy making urgent the task of assessing carcinogenic risks in the nonferrous metallurgy. In particular, melting and conversion of copper are characterized by the exposure of arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, benz(a)pyrene. Aim: Assessment of professional carcinogenic risks for workers used in shops with a shaft and reflective copper smelting ore, compared with one of the modern methods of producing blister copper. Carcinogenic risk was estimated from each of the substances and in total from their combination for 25 years of work experience. When inappropriate carcinogen risk calculated duration time of operation, at which the allowable upper limit of occupational risk. Methods: A hygienic assessment of the contribution of the working environment to the formation of a carcinogenic risk for workers engaged in reverberatory and blast smelting of copper-bearing ores in comparison with autogenous processes was carried out. To calculate the carcinogenic risks, we used 8 hours concentration in the working air as well as slope factors for inhalation exposure (SFi) of arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel, and benz(a)pyrene. Results: It is shown that when copper is smelted, inorganic arsenic compounds are the main factor that forms a carcinogenic risk: reverberatory smelting - 67.8%; shaft smelting - 88.9%; melting furnaces in “molten bath” - 96.2%. The highest predicted values of carcinogenic risk for similar occupations of metallurgical shops are observed with reverberatory (2.9 × 10−2) and blast smelting (1.8 × 10−2), rather than with bath smelting (5.2 × 10−3). It is due to the difference in the used equipment. The highest values of carcinogenic risks identified in the batch loader, working conditions which are characterized by exposure to high concentrations of dust in the workplace area, and the least - for the metal spiller. Among the professions of the copper smelting shop, in which reflective smelting is used, the values of the length of service in contact with carcinogenic substances were in the range from 6.5 to 1.1 years. A little more was the duration of the maximum work experience in mine melting - from 1.38 to 1.56 years. In the smelting shop with smelting furnaces in a “liquid bath” the amount of acceptable work experience varied from 3.13 to 6.41 years. Conclusion: When all the existing methods for producing blister copper carcinogenic risk due to exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium (VI), and benzo(a)pyrene is in an unacceptable range (>1.0 × 10−3). The main measure to reduce the carcinogenic risk of blister copper production should be the technical re-equipment of smelter shops with the introduction of autogenous processes (melting furnaces in “molten bath”).

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HYGIENE FACTORS OF THE AIR ENVIRONMENT AND THEIR ROLE IN THE FORMATION OF CANCER RISK IN HYDROMETALLURGICAL COPPER PRODUCTION

ЗДОРОВЬЕ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И СРЕДА ОБИТАНИЯ - ЗНиСО / PUBLIC HEALTH AND LIFE ENVIRONMENT ◽

10.35627/2219-5238/2018-309-12-15-18 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 15-18

Author(s):

E.E. Shmakova ◽

G.Ya. Lipatov ◽

V.I. Adrianovskiy ◽

A.A. Samylkin ◽

S.R. Gusel'nikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Compounds ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Copper Production ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Hygiene Factors ◽

Effective Ventilation ◽

The Difference ◽

Cadmium And Lead ◽

Hydrometallurgical Method ◽

Main Factor

Hygienic assessment of working conditions in modern hydrometallurgical copper production has been carried out, the assessment in formation of carcinogenic risk of the workers employed in a hydrometallurgical complex of copper-containing ores in comparison with pyrometallurgical processes has been made. It is shown that in copper mining, the main factor causing a carcinogenic risk is inorganic compounds of cadmium and lead. The greatest predictive values of carcinogenic risk for metallurgical shops professions are observed in pyrometallurgical production, rather than in hydrometallurgical production, due to the difference in the equipment used. The main measure to reduce the carcinogenic hazard in obtaining cathode copper by the hydrometallurgical method should be the introduction of effective ventilation systems.

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Arsenic speciation in food chains from mid-Atlantic hydrothermal vents

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en11134 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 130 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Vivien F. Taylor ◽

Brian P. Jackson ◽

Matthew R. Siegfried ◽

Jana Navratilova ◽

Kevin A. Francesconi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Hydrothermal Vents ◽

Arsenic Speciation ◽

Inorganic Arsenic ◽

Food Sources ◽

Arsenic Compounds ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Δ13c And Δ15n ◽

Organic Arsenic

Environmental contextArsenic occurs in marine organisms at high levels and in many chemical forms. A common explanation of this phenomenon is that algae play the central role in accumulating arsenic by producing arsenic-containing sugars that are then converted into simpler organic arsenic compounds found in fish and other marine animals. We show that animals in deep-sea vent ecosystems, which are uninhabited by algae, contain the same organic arsenic compounds as do pelagic animals, indicating that algae are not the only source of these compounds. AbstractArsenic concentration and speciation were determined in benthic fauna collected from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vents. The shrimp species, Rimicaris exoculata, the vent chimney-dwelling mussel, Bathymodiolus azoricus, Branchipolynoe seepensis, a commensal worm of B. azoricus and the gastropod Peltospira smaragdina showed variations in As concentration and in stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) signature between species, suggesting different sources of As uptake. Arsenic speciation showed arsenobetaine to be the dominant species in R. exoculata, whereas in B. azoricus and B. seepensis arsenosugars were most abundant, although arsenobetaine, dimethylarsinate and inorganic arsenic were also observed, along with several unidentified species. Scrape samples from outside the vent chimneys covered with microbial mat, which is a presumed food source for many vent organisms, contained high levels of total As, but organic species were not detectable. The formation of arsenosugars in pelagic environments is typically attributed to marine algae, and the pathway to arsenobetaine is still unknown. The occurrence of arsenosugars and arsenobetaine in these deep sea organisms, where primary production is chemolithoautotrophic and stable isotope analyses indicate food sources are of vent origin, suggests that organic arsenicals can occur in a foodweb without algae or other photosynthetic life.

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RISK ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN’S HEALTH DUE TO THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DRINKING WATER SOURCES OF THE NON-CENTRALIZED WATER SUPPLY OF THE CITY OF EKATERINBURG

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/0016-9900-2019-98-9-997-1003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (9) ◽

pp. 997-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lidia G. Konshina

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Water Supply ◽

Oral Route ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Water Sources ◽

The Body ◽

Arsenic Compounds ◽

Traditional Assessment ◽

The City

Introduction. In recent years, the risk assessment methodology has become the leading tool for assessing the health of various groups of the population, allowing identifying priority negative environmental factors. Material and methods. There were explored 212 wells, including 150 in collective gardens and 62 in cottage settlements. The priority oral route of chemical intake into the body was studied. Results. Nitrates and arsenic compounds create the main non-carcinogenic risk in the sources of non-centralized water supply in the territory of the Municipal Settlement of the city of ekaterinburg. When using water from wells in cottage settlements levels of non-carcinogenic risks are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships. Acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk for children under 6 years are related with 17.4% of water sources in collective gardens and 25% of wells in cottage settlements; for adults - 60.8% and 93.8% respectively. The detected nitrate concentrations in individual wells of horticultural associations can create a high non-carcinogenic risk. The total individual lifetime carcinogenic risk, both in the water of collective gardens and in the water wells of cottage settlements ranges from 10-5 to 10-4 and, therefore, is at a low level, the greatest contribution is made by arsenic compounds. Discussion. In contrast to the earlier traditional assessment of drinking water quality, when the main substances for which the discrepancy was found to hygienic standards were manganese, nitrates, iron and silicon, in the assessment of water danger using the methodology of risk assessment, nitrates and arsenic come to the first place, with a much smaller role of manganese. The calculation of carcinogenic risks using age correction factors (ADAF) has increased the risk values calculated by the traditional method by almost 2 times. Summary Levels of non-carcinogenic risks when using water from wells in cottage settlements are significantly lower than non-carcinogenic risks in horticultural partnerships.

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Slag Investigations from Bronze Age Copper Smelting Sites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.608 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 891 ◽

pp. 608-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roland Haubner ◽

Susanne Strobl

Keyword(s):

Phase Diagram ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Phase Diagrams ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Equilibrium Phase ◽

Eastern Alps ◽

Copper Production ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Smelting Process ◽

Melting Properties

During the Bronze Age intensive mining and smelting activities for copper production took place in the Eastern Alps. To get information about the copper smelting process, the elemental compositions of slags are marked in equilibrium phase diagrams (e.g. FeO-CaO-SiO2) and so the melting properties can be estimated. Doing so you have to keep in mind that slags have complex compositions and phase diagrams are available for three compounds only. For the analytical measurements it has to be ensured that only molten parts of the slag are measured and not contamination of other ambient material. Spot and area measurements by SEM-EDX are useful to get realistic data. In this case a complete correlation between the image of the analyzed area, the microstructure and the chemical composition of the sample is necessary. For marking spots in the phase diagram the calculation method has to be described exactly. For our results we calculated the ratio FeO-SiO2-CaO(+MgO+Al2O3). From the morphology of the observed phases, their chemical composition and the data from the phase diagram a solidification sequence can be suggested. We recommend this method because measurements by e.g. XRF provide rather general composition values. If the slag samples are inhomogeneous, unrealistic melting points are read from the phase diagram. Inhomogeneities can be caused by soil contaminations, which are not part of the molten slag, or by corrosion, when some phases were attacked and changed during storage in soil.

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Analysis of air pollution caused by particle matter emission from the copper smelter complex Bor (Serbia)

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq090909011t ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Visa Tasic ◽

Novica Milosevic ◽

Renata Kovacevic ◽

Nevenka Petrovic

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Fine Particles ◽

Copper Smelter ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Copper Production ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Particulate Emissions ◽

Limit Values

The main aim of this paper is to present analyses of temporal variations of particulate matter in Bor (Serbia) influenced by copper production at the Copper Smelter Complex Bor. Particulate emissions are of concern because the presence of fine particles (PM2.5 - particles with diametar less than 2.5 ?m) and ultrafine particles (PM0.1 - particles with diametar less than 0.1 ?m) assume higher risk for human health. Such particles can penetrate deeper into respiratory organs and, at the same time, a probability for such penetration and deposition in the respiratory system is greater. The analysis is based on comparison of SO2 and PM measurements at several locations in the area of Bor town in the close vicinity of Copper Smelter. PM concentrations were highly correlated with sulfur dioxide and inversely correlated with local wind speed during pollution episodes. Presented results indicate that the dominant source of coarse and fine particles in Bor town is the Copper Smelting Complex Bor. The most significant factors for particulate matter distribution are meteorological parameters of wind speed and direction. It was found that exceeding of daily limit values of concentrations of PM10 (50 ?g/m3) usually occurs due to very high concentrations in a period of several hours during the day.

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Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds (with the exception of arsenic hydride and its salts) [BAT Value Documentation, 2005]

The MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety ◽

10.1002/3527600418.bb744038e0004 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 172-178

Author(s):

H. Drexler

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Arsenic ◽

Arsenic Compounds

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Lung retention and toxicity of some inorganic arsenic compounds

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/0013-9351(82)90043-3 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 425-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Göran Pershagen ◽

Birger Lind ◽

Nils-Erik Björklund

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Arsenic ◽

Arsenic Compounds ◽

Lung Retention

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Ancient Raw Copper from Primary Smelting Sites in Cyprus

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-712-ii4.7 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 712 ◽

Author(s):

W. Fasnacht ◽

J.P. Northover

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Metallic Copper ◽

Copper Production ◽

Copper Smelting ◽

Mining District ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Analytical Work ◽

History Of ◽

First Millennium ◽

Complete History

ABSTRACTFinds of metallic copper from various primary smelting sites in the Sia valley in Cyprus have been analysed by ICP-OES for their composition and by optical and electron microscopy for metallography. Results show a characteristic pattern of impurities for each of the sites examined which allow an assignment to specific types of ore body and geological matrix. Different zones of the Cyprus Ophiolite Complex were exploited in different periods in antiquity, but these results show different types could be exploited contemporaneously within a specific period, especially during the first millennium BC. One location in this area, Agia Varvara-Almyras, an Iron Age copper smelting site with the only complete chain of operation recorded in ancient Cypriote metallurgy, is used to show how analytical work can guide future field surveys to find ancient furnaces, slag heaps and mines. The ultimate goal of the project is to extend it to reconstruct the complete history of copper production in a well-defined mining district over the last 4000 years.

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