scholarly journals The Study of Humoral Immunity in Healthсare Workers Exposed to COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
EP Sizova ◽  
MA Patyashina ◽  
LV Stavropolskaya ◽  
GG Badamshina ◽  
LM Fatkhutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Response Index ◽  
Test Kit

Introduction: Today, the novel coronavirus disease (hereinafter referred to as COVID-19) is spreading very quickly, and the healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 patients represent the most vulnerable occupational cohort at risk of this contagious disease. Issues of immunological protection and health monitoring in medical personnel are of special interest and importance during the pandemic. The objective of our study was to assess humoral immunity in healthcare professionals by the presence of class G (IgG) antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We selected 345 healthcare workers of different specialties who might have been exposed to COVID-19 patients in hospitals and 72 age- and sex-matched controls (engineers, IT-personnel, and accountants) working elsewhere. Blood immunoglobulins G to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 were tested by enzyme immunoassay using the commercial test kit produced by the Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, Russian Federation. The presence of IgG antibodies was established by the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response index (index of positivity) calculated as the ratio of the optical density of the sample to the cut-off level of the assay. Results: The average IgG antibody response index value was significantly higher in the healthcare workers compared to the controls (p < 0.05). IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were more prevalent in nurses than in physicians (42.2 ± 3.6 % vs 31.0 ± 3.7 %, p < 0.05) and controls (42.2 ± 3.6 % vs 27.8 ± 5.3 %, p < 0.05) and their index values were higher than in the comparison group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of diagnostically important SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response and higher index values in nurses possibly related to prolonged contacts with COVID-19 patients. IgG antibodies found in 37.1 ± 2.6 % of the healthcare workers may be a consequence of both symptomatic and asymptomatic diseases and requires further study. According to the generally accepted opinion about the mechanisms of immune response to viral infections, we could assume the presence of protective immunity against COVID-19, but this issue requires further investigation. In the current epidemic situation, however, detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be used for implementation of preventive strategies among healthcare workers.

scholarly journals Significantly Low Levels of IgG Antibodies Against Oncogenic Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in Sera From Females Affected by Spontaneous Abortion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mazziotta ◽  
Giulia Pellielo ◽  
Mauro Tognon ◽  
Fernanda Martini ◽  
John Charles Rotondo
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Spontaneous Abortion ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
The Impact

Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small DNA tumor virus ubiquitous in humans. MCPyV establishes a clinically asymptomatic lifelong infection in healthy immunocompetent individuals. Viral infections are considered to be risk factors for spontaneous abortion (SA), which is the most common adverse complication of pregnancy. The role of MCPyV in SA remains undetermined. Herein, the impact of MCPyV infection in females affected by SA was investigated. Specifically, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with two linear synthetic peptides/mimotopes mimicking MCPyV antigens was used to investigate immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against MCPyV in sera from 94 females affected by SA [mean ± standard deviation (SD) age 35 ± (6) years] and from 96 healthy females undergoing voluntary pregnancy interruption [VI, mean (±SD) age 32 ± (7) years]. MCPyV seroprevalence and serological profiles were analyzed. The overall prevalence of serum IgG antibodies against MCPyV was 35.1% (33/94) and 37.5% (36/96) in SA and VI females, respectively (p &gt; 0.05). Notably, serological profile analyses indicated lower optical densities (ODs) in females with SA compared to those undergoing VI (p &lt; 0.05), thus indicating a reduced IgG antibody response in SA females. Circulating IgGs were identified in sera from SA and VI females. Our immunological findings indicate that a relatively reduced fraction of pregnant females carry serum anti-MCPyV IgG antibodies, while SA females presented a more pronounced decrease in IgG antibody response to MCPyV. Although yet to be determined, this immunological decrease might prompt an increase in MCPyV multiplication events in females experiencing abortive events. The role of MCPyV in SA, if present, remains to be determined.

scholarly journals The antibody response in Legionnaires' disease

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nagington ◽  
T. G. Wreghitt ◽  
J. O'H. Tobin ◽  
A. D. Macrae
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence Technique ◽  
Legionnaires Disease

summaryFrom 22 patients with Legionnaires' disease, 86 sera were examined for specific serotype 1 IgM and IgG antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence technique.No antibody was detectable until 8 days or more from the onset of symptoms. When produced the amount was widely variable and remained detectable for periods from less than 34 days to more than 1 year.Initially IgM antibody predominated, ten patients produced only IgM in the first 21 days, six produced only IgM in the first 28 days and three did not produce IgG at any time. One patient, and possibly a second, produced only IgG antibody.Since IgM antibody was still present in one patient after a year it is important not to accept the presence of this as evidence of very recent infection.It is advisable that any type of serological test for L. pneumophila infection should detect the production of both IgM and IgG antibodies.

scholarly journals Western Blot Analysis of the IgG-Antibody Response to Acid- Glycine-Extracted Antigens from Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and C. jejuni in Naturally Infected Sheep

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gürtürk ◽  
I. H. Ekin ◽  
A. Arslan
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Western Blot Analysis ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Healthy Sheep ◽  
Apparently Healthy

IgG-antibody response in aborting sheep and in apparently healthy sheep in a flock against acidglycine- extracted antigens from three strains for each C. fetus subsp. fetus and C. jejuni were analysed by Western blot. One strain of C. fetus subsp. fetus was isolated from aborting sheep. Western blot analysis of the sera revealed the presence of IgG antibody binding to the common antigens including proteins with the Mw of 63 kDa and 54 kDa in extracts from both C. fetus subsp. fetus and C. jejuni strains. In addition, IgG antibodies in sera from aborting sheep reacted more strongly with the antigens from C. fetus subsp. fetus strains with Mw of approximately 100, 95 and 86.5 kDa than those of apparently healthy sheep. The binding profile of the antibodies with these antigens appeared to be unique for each C. fetus subsp. fetus strain. On the other hand, IgG antibodies only in sera from aborting sheep recognized strongly the antigens of each C. fetus subsp. fetus strain at the Mw ranged from approximately 26 to 22 kDa. However, the antigenic components between 26 and 22 kDa were not detectable in coomassie blue stained gel and thought to have non-protein nature. These low molecular weight antigens of C. fetus subsp. fetus may be related to a recent infection in aborting sheep. These observations indicate that such speciesspecific antigens or conjugated protein antigens could be used for improving the specificity of the serological tests to detect C. fetus antibodies in sheep sera, and may be the candidates for subunit vaccines against ovine abortion.

scholarly journals Symptoms of COVID-19 infection and magnitude of antibody response in a large community-based study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. McDade ◽  
Joshua M. Schrock ◽  
Richard D’Aquila ◽  
Brian Mustanski ◽  
Nanette Benbow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Large Community ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
The City

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of COVID-19 cases are asymptomatic, or minimally symptomatic with management in the home. Little is known about the frequency of specific symptoms in the general population, and how symptoms predict the magnitude of antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsWe quantified IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) in home-collected dried blood spot samples from 3,365 adults participating in a community-based seroprevalence study in the city of Chicago, USA, collected between June 24 and November 11, 2020.Results17.8% of the sample was seropositive for SARS-CoV-2. A cluster of symptoms (loss of sense of smell or taste, fever, shortness of breath, muscle or body aches, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, headache) was associated with stronger anti-RBD IgG responses among the seropositives. 39.2% of infections were asymptomatic, and 2 or fewer symptoms were reported for 66.7% of infections. Total number of symptoms was positively but weakly associated with IgG response: Median anti-RBD IgG was 0.95 ug/mL for individuals with 3 or more symptoms, in comparison with 0.61 ug/mL for asymptomatic infections.ConclusionWe document high rates of asymptomatic and mild infection in a large community-based cohort, and relatively low levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in the general population of previously exposed individuals.

scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Academic Hospital in New York City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayce Mansour ◽  
Emily Levin ◽  
Kimberly Muellers ◽  
Kimberly Stone ◽  
Rao Mendu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Frontline Staff ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
Viral Illness

Background: SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing is important for understanding immunity prevalence, and may have implications for healthcare workers (HCW) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Methods: We conducted immunologic testing of healthcare workers to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in this population. HCW were advised to wait at least two weeks from time of symptom onset or suspected exposure before undergoing testing. All participants were self-reported asymptomatic for at least three days at the time of testing. Results: Two hundred eighty-five samples were collected from March 24, 2020 to April 4, 2020. The average age of participants was 38 years (range 18-84), and 54% were male. Thirty-three percept tested IgG positive, 3% tested weakly positive, and 64% tested negative. Neither age nor sex was associated with antibody development. Conclusion: Thirty-six percent of HCW had IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, reflecting the high exposure of inpatient and ambulatory frontline staff to this viral illness, most of whom had minimal symptoms and were working in the weeks preceding testing. While we continue to recommend standard protective precautions per CDC guidelines for all HCW, HCW with SARS-CoV-2 IgG may become our safest frontline providers as we learn if our IgG antibodies confer immunity. Knowing IgG antibody status may ease concerns regarding personal risk as this pandemic continues.

scholarly journals IgG Antibody Response to Toxins A and B in Patients with Clostridium difficile Infection

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1552-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wullt ◽  
T. Norén ◽  
Å. Ljungh ◽  
T. Åkerlund
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Toxin A ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Gene

ABSTRACTIgG antibodies againstClostridium difficiletoxins A and B were followed in controls and in patients with an initialC. difficileinfection (CDI). Of the 50 CDI patients, 38 were cured and 12 developed recurrence. Compared to controls, patients had significantly lower anti-toxin A and B IgGs at inclusion, but the subsequent levels rose slightly regardless of clinical outcome. The results imply that the general serum reactivity against toxins A and B in the population reduces the risk of CDI, which suggests implications for vaccine strategies.

scholarly journals The Correlation Between IgM and IgG Antibodies With Blood Profile In Patients Infected With COVID 19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Alibolandi ◽  
Amirreza Ostadian ◽  
Saeed Sayyah ◽  
Hamed Haddad Kashani ◽  
Hassan Ehteram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Virus Exposure ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Objectives: This study aimed to determine the levels of IgM and IgG antibody response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with different disease severity.Methods: IgM and IgG antibody levels were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In total, 100 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this study and viral RNA was detected by using Real-time PCR technique. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed after hospital admission for COVID-19 and two months post-admission. Results: The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody IgG was significantly higher in the severe patients than those in moderate and mild groups, 2 months after admission. Also, level of IgG was positively associated with increased WBC, NUT and LYM counts in sever than mild or moderate groups after admission to hospital.Conclusion: Our findings suggested that patients with severe illness might experience longer virus exposure times and have a stronger antibody response against viral infection. Thus, they have longer time immunity compared with other groups.

scholarly journals Antibody response after a single dose of ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) vaccine in subjects with prior SARS-CoV2 infection: Is a single dose sufficient?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajyoti Borkakoty ◽  
Mandakini Das Sarmah ◽  
Chandra Kanta Bhattacharjee ◽  
Nargis Bali ◽  
Gayatri Gogoi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Antibody Titre ◽  
P Value ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Effective Immune Response

It is crucial to know whether a single dose of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is sufficient to elicit immune response in previously infected people in India. A total of 121 participants (baseline seropositive 46 and seronegative 75) were included to study the immune response to ChAdOx1-nCOV (Covishield) vaccine in previously infected or uninfected people. IgG antibodies were estimated at three different time intervals, i.e. pre-vaccination, 25-35 days post 1st vaccination and 25-35 days post 2nd vaccination. The IgG antibody titre was significantly high among previous seropositive subjects with single dose of vaccine compared to seronegative group with both doses of vaccine respectively (Mean:4.59,SD:1.04 vs Mean:3.08 SD:1.22, p-value: <0.0001). In conclusion, a single dose of Covishield vaccine might be sufficient to induce an effective immune response n subjects with prior SARS-CoV2 infection. Stratifying vacinees based on their SARS-CoV2 IgG antibody titre before vaccination would help in meeting the increasing vaccine demand and could be effective to circumvent further wave of the pandemic in India.

scholarly journals Serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 following non-hospitalised infection: clinical and ethnodemographic features associated with the magnitude of the antibody response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian M Shields ◽  
Sian E Faustini ◽  
Marisol Perez-Toledo ◽  
Sian Jossi ◽  
Joel D Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
White Ethnicity ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Care Workers

AbstractObjectiveTo determine clinical and ethnodemographic correlates of serological responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein following mild-to-moderate COVID-19.DesignA retrospective cohort study of healthcare workers who had self-isolated due to COVID-19.SettingUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, UK (UHBFT).Participants956 health care workers were recruited by open invitation via UHBFT trust email and social media.InterventionParticipants volunteered a venous blood sample that was tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies. Results were interpreted in the context of the symptoms of their original illness and ethnodemographic variables.ResultsUsing an assay that simultaneously measures the combined IgG, IgA and IgM response against the spike glycoprotein (IgGAM), the overall seroprevalence within this cohort was 46.2% (n=442/956). The seroprevalence of immunoglobulin isotypes was 36.3%, 18.7% and 8.1% for IgG, IgA and IgM respectively. IgGAM identified serological responses in 40.6% (n=52/128) of symptomatic individuals who reported a negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Increasing age, non-white ethnicity and obesity were independently associated with greater IgG antibody response against the spike glycoprotein. Self-reported fever and fatigue were associated with greater IgG and IgA responses against the spike glycoprotein. The combination of fever and/or cough and/or anosmia had a positive predictive value of 92.3% for seropositivity.Conclusions and relevanceAssays employing combined antibody detection demonstrate enhanced seroepidemiological sensitivity and can detect prior viral exposure even when PCR swabs have been negative. We demonstrate an association between known ethnodemographic risk factors associated with mortality from COVID-19 and the magnitude of serological responses in mild-to-moderate disease. The combination of cough, and/or fever and/or anosmia identifies the majority of individuals who should self-isolate for COVID-19.

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