scholarly journals MUHAMMAD ‘ABDUH’S REFORMISM: THE MODES OF ITS DISSEMINATION IN PRE-INDEPENDENT MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Hafiz Zakariya
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Malay Archipelago ◽  
The Social ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions

Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905) was a prominent scholar, pedagogue, mufti ‘alim, theologian and reformer. Though trained in traditional Islamic knowledge, ‘Abduh, who was influenced by the ideas of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, became discontent with the existing methods of traditional Islamic learning. Based in Egypt, ‘Abduh led the late 19th-century Muslim reform to revitalize some aspects of Islamic doctrine and practice to make them compatible with the modern world. This reformist trend called for the reform of intellectual stagnation, revitalization of the socio-economic and political conditions of the ummah, and to make Islam compatible with modernity. ‘Abduh’s progressive reformism found following in various parts of the Muslim world including the Malay Archipelago. Among those influenced by ‘Abduh in the region were Sheikh Tahir Jalaluddin and Abdullah Ahmad in West Sumatra, Syed Sheikh al-Hadi in Malaya, and Kiyai Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta. Though there is increasing literature on Muslim reformism, few works examine the social history of the transmission of ideas from one part of the Muslim world to another. Thus, this study analyzes how ‘Abduh’s reformism was transmitted to pre-independent Malaysia.

scholarly journals ESTATES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF JUDICIAL INSTITUTIONS AND PENITENTIARY ESTABLISHMENTS IN RIGHT-BANK UKRAINE (1864–1914)

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Victoria Vengerska ◽  
Oleksandr Zhukovskyi ◽  
Oleksandr Maksymov
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
District Court ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Courts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
New Institutions

Right-bank Ukraine became part of the Russian Empire after the second partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1792. The integration of these territories into the new administrative, economic and cultural space caused certain difficulties. In the first half of the 19th century, the region had the highest percentage of peasant serfs and the elements and institutions of the non-existent state (including the courts) still existed and kept functioning. The defeat in the Crimean War of 1853–1856 imposed on the Russian Empire the need for radical reforms in all spheres of life. The wave-like periods of cooperation-confrontation between the Russian authorities and the local nobility brought about regional provisions in virtually all the reforms, launched by the peasant reform of 1861. The judicial reform and the emergence of new institutions and practices had to resolve existing problems, disputes, and punish criminals legally. The social estate (stanovy) character of the society was reflected in the establishment and activities of the volost courts, as the lower courts. The district courts were a completely novel phenomenon in the legal culture; their functioning was ensured by professional lawyers on the basis of new judicial statutes. The purpose of this article is to consider the court practices and functioning of penitentiary establishments in Right-Bank Ukraine (on the example of Volyn province) under implementation of the judicial reform through the prism of social and estate factors, based on the cases of the Zhytomyr District Court and the reports of the heads of local prisons. The methodology of the research includes the tools of social history and the so-called "new imperial history" that have helped to trace the adaptation of new legal practices to the socio-ethnic peculiarities of Right Bank Ukraine. The methods of history of everyday life and history of reading have been employed to consider the under-researched component of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire, namely the libraries and their funds. This component should be attributed to the novelty of the suggested research findings. Conclusions. Estate privileges were maintained in the Russian Empire throughout the "long 19th century". Belonging to a higher social status practically made the Polish nobles equal in the rights with the imperial officials, endowed with power. During court decisions and sentencing, an ethnic criterion was not taken into consideration or had secondary significance. Many years of placing the peasants outside the legal field developed a steady arrogant attitude of the power-holders towards the representatives of this social estate. Though the peasants dominated in the social structure of the Empire population, they remained the most prevalent class. Since the early 20th century, some shifts in perception and attitudes towards peasantry were observed.

Frédéric Le Play and 19th-century vision machines

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Freemantle
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Historical Moment

An early proponent of the social sciences, Frédéric Le Play, was the occupant of senior positions within the French state in the mid- to late 19th century. He was writing at a time when science was ascending. There was for him no doubt that scientific observation, correctly applied, would allow him unmediated access to the truth. It is significant that Le Play was the organizer of a number of universal expositions because these expositions were used as vehicles to demonstrate the ascendant position of western civilization. The fabrication of linear time is a history of progress requiring a vision of history analogous to the view offered the spectator at a diorama. Le Play employed the design principles and spirit of the diorama in his formulations for the social sciences, and L’Exposition Universelle of 1867 used the technology wherever it could. Both the gaze of the spectators and the objects viewed are part and products of the same particular and unique historical formation. Ideas of perception cannot be separated out from the conditions that make them possible. Vision and its effects are inseparable from the observing subject who is both a product of a particular historical moment and the site of certain practices.

1. All about us

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Context Shape

Social psychology is all about the ‘social universe’ and the people who populate our everyday lives. It’s the study of how society, culture, and context shape attitudes, behaviour, and beliefs. It’s how we figure out who we are, and how who we are is intimately linked to our relationships with others. ‘All about us’ outlines the history of the how the discipline came to be from the early years in the late 19th century with the work of Gustav LeBon and Norman Triplett, through the two world wars that provided inspiration for many studies that shaped social psychology, to the concept of social cognition, and how this is affected and impacted by social context.

All Margin

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
Grace E. Lavery
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Social Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aesthetic Thinking

This chapter follows Michel Foucault's distinction between a “history of ideas” and a “history of thought.” It treats the aestheticism of the late 19th century as representing the social form of aesthetics itself. Here, the chapter argues that it was through the embodied and socially embedded practices of cultivating beauty that the exquisite limits of aesthetic thinking were formulated as a historical problematic. By this, the chapter contends that while British aestheticism's engagement with Japan plugged into the hole of Kantian subjective universal, by supplying a set of objects immediately, absolutely, and universally legible as beautiful, it also brought painfully close to home the narcissistic threat of the Other Empire. Thus, one essential element of the idea of Japan for Victorians was that, by the paradoxical virtue of being extremely far away, it could flesh out and formalize relations that were ruinously close.

The Clandestine Operations Performed on President Grover Cleveland and the Rationale for Surgical Secrecy

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1484-1488
Author(s):  
John D. Ehrhardt ◽  
J. Patrick O'Leary
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Social History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
The Public ◽  
Panic Of 1893 ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fear Of Cancer ◽  
Grover Cleveland

The 1893 operations to remove a maxillofacial tumor from President Grover Cleveland aboard a private yacht remained a secret until long after his unrelated death from heart disease. Many historical studies have suggested that Cleveland kept his health and surgical care confidential because of the fragility of the economy during the Panic of 1893. Although that observation is true, it does not fully address the underlying reason for why the public would react poorly to news about an operation on the president. The death of Ulysses S. Grant eight years prior unearthed the denial, stigma, and fear of cancer felt by many Americans. Despite revolutionary 19th century advances in anesthesia, pathology, and surgery, the social history of “cancerphobia” ran deep.

Review of The Countryside of Medieval England, by Grenville Astill and Annie Grant; The Common Fields of England, by Eric Kerridge; Historic Landscapes of Britain from the Air, by Robin Glasscock; The European City, by Leonardo Benevolo; Mission and Method: The Early-Nineteenth-Century French Public Health Movement, by Ann F. La Berge; Terra Cognita: The Mental Discovery of America, by Eviatar Zerubavel; Landscape and Material Life in Franklin County, Massachusetts, 1770-1860, by J. Ritchie Garrison; The Persistence of Ethnicity: Dutch Calvinist Pioneers in Amsterdam, Montana, by Rob Kroes; The Pennsylvania Barn: Its Origin, Evolution, and Distribution in North America, by Robert F. Ensminger; The Edges of the Earth in Ancient Thought, by James S. Romm; Salt and Civilization, by S. A. M. Adshead; Meleagrides: An Historical and Ethnogeographical Study of the Guinea Fowl, by Robin A. Donkin; War and the City, by G. J. Ashworth; Medicine and Charity before the Welfare State, by Jonathan Barry and Colin Jones; The Company Town: Architecture and Society in the Early Industrial Age, by John S. Garner; The Savage Within: The Social History of British Anthropology, 1885-1945, by Henrika Kuklick; Policing and Decolonisation: Politics, Nationalism and the Police, 1917-65, by David M. Anderson and David Killingray; Empire Boys: Adventures in a Man's World, by Joseph Bristow; The Representation of the Past: Museums and Heritage in the Post-Modern World, by Kevin Walsh; Community and Commerce in Late Medieval Japan: The Corporate Villages of Tokuchin-ho, by Hitomi Tonomura; Liquor and Labour in Southern Africa, by Jonathan Crush and Charles Ambler

1993 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-488
Author(s):  
Leonard Cantor ◽  
Della Hooke ◽  
Richard Lawton ◽  
Anthony Sutcliffe ◽  
Miles Ogborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Company Town ◽  
Medieval Japan ◽  
Industrial Age ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Public Health Movement ◽  
The City
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