scholarly journals DECISION MAKING BIASES AND ERRORS AMONG MUSLIM GROUPS AND SECTS IN BANGLADESH: A MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Md. Ariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Information Load ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Information Bias ◽  
Bias Risk ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Decision Making Biases

Different Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh are very intolerant to other groups/sects where Islam teaches brotherhood and unity. This study tried to see the issue from a management perspective, especially in the area of decision making. The study tried to identify the decision-making biases and/or errors among Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh, and their impacts on their decision-making process. The study adopted a model developed by Kieren Jamieson and Paul Hyland (2006). This study followed a qualitative approach. It interviewed 20 Islamic scholars and unity initiators who are working for establishing brotherhood and unity among Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh. Guidelines have been used while conducting a face-to-face interview. Firstly, the study tried to find whether there are biases and/or errors in the decision-making process among different Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh, and we found some serious biases and/or errors that can surely lead to biased/inappropriate decisions about other Muslim groups/sects. Secondly, the study tried to specifically find the nature and impacts of those biases and/or errors according to the research framework. It categorized those biases and/or errors in information bias, cognitive bias, risk bias, and uncertainty bias. Those biases and/or errors occurred in the information load, and in the decision-making process. Cognitive biases, the study found, have the most impacts on decision making. From the study, we developed a model to present the decision-making biases and/errors, and their impacts on decisions Muslim groups/sects in Bangladesh take.

scholarly journals PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA (TKI) PEREMPUAN UNTUK BEKERJA DI LUAR NEGERI: KASUS KABUPATEN CILACAP

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Aswatini Raharto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Migration Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Work Abroad

In the past, women migrants are considered as passive migrants following their parents or husbands. However, the increasing number of Indonesian women migrating to work abroad, even outnumbering men, suggests the importance of understanding the reasons underlined their movements. This article examines the decision-making process of working abroad among the returned Indonesian women migrants. A quantitative approach was used to analyze secondary data from several government institutions. Also, the qualitative approach was utilized to understand the migration decision-making process. The study was conducted in Cilacap District, one of the major labor migrant sending districts in Indonesia. The result showed that women have no other choice than working abroad, mainly due to the economic reason. Moreover, the initiative to work abroad commonly comes from the women themselves, while other family members, especially father and husband, only give their consent. It can be said that women are more autonomous and self-assured when deciding to work abroad. 

Youth Development Through Participation in Decision Making

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-53
Author(s):  
Sharon Thabo Mampane
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Youth Participation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Participation In Decision Making

The purpose of this chapter is to argue that there is a need for youth development for participation in decision makings of the country. Programs for youth development should be geared towards changing the behavior of the youth from undesirable to desirable conduct. This chapter follows a qualitative approach in understanding and explaining in detail what youth development and participation in decision making in the society, entails. Data were collected via literature reviews on youth development and participation and on factors contributing to the importance of how laws, most notably laws on youth participation in matters, concern them. These factors are important, but key to developing the youth for participative decision-making and for ensuring that children's right to participate is implemented. The aim of this paper is to ensure that the youth are involved as partners in communities because they are deemed to be assets in the decision-making process of the country.

Cognitive Biases in Decision Making in Post-Bureaucratic Organizations

2017 ◽  
pp. 358-382
Author(s):  
Marie-Therese Claes ◽  
Thibault Jacquemin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Bureaucratic Organization ◽  
System 2 ◽  
System 1

In today's post-bureaucratic organization, where decision-making is decentralized, most managers are confronted with highly complex situations where time-constraint and availability of information makes the decision-making process essential. Studies show that a great amount of decisions are not taken after a rational decision-making process but rather rely on instinct, emotion or quickly processed information. After briefly describing the journey of thoughts from Rational Choice Theory to the emergence of Behavioral Economics, this chapter will elaborate on the mechanisms that are at play in decision-making in an attempt to understand the root causes of cognitive biases, using the theory of Kahneman's (2011) System 1 and System 2. It will discuss the linkage between the complexity of decision-making and post-bureaucratic organization.

Are Cyber Attackers Thinking Fast and Slow? Exploratory Analysis Reveals Evidence of Decision-Making Biases in Red Teamers

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gutzwiller ◽  
Kimberly J. Ferguson-Walter ◽  
Sunny J. Fugate
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
Decision Making Biases

We report on whether cyber attacker behaviors contain decision making biases. Data from a prior experiment were analyzed in an exploratory fashion, making use of think-aloud responses from a small group of red teamers. The analysis provided new observational evidence of traditional decision-making biases in red team behaviors (confirmation bias, anchoring, and take-the-best heuristic use). These biases may disrupt red team decisions and goals, and simultaneously increase their risk of detection. Interestingly, at least part of the bias induction may be related to the use of cyber deception. Future directions include the development of behavioral measurement techniques for these and additional cognitive biases in cyber operators, examining the role of attacker traits, and identifying the conditions where biases can be induced successfully in experimental conditions.

A Qualitative Approach to Understand Consumer Groups and Decision-Making Process in Online Group Buying

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46
Author(s):  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Chuanmin Mi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Hierarchical Decision Making ◽  
Group Buying ◽  
Hierarchical Decision ◽  
Online Group

This exploratory study used a qualitative approach to segment consumers in an online group buying context based on benefits pursued. 58 participants who have online group buying experience were interviewed. A cluster analysis was conducted on the interview data. The authors found three sub-groups of consumers: economic shoppers, balanced shoppers, and destination shoppers. A hierarchical decision-making process model was developed for different sub-groups of consumers. The results showed that these three sub-groups of consumers are different in terms of their decision-making process. This study overcomes the shortcomings of traditional segmentation studies by proposing a new segmentation method.

Teaching Behavioral Ethics: Overcoming the Key Impediments to Ethical Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Behavior ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Moral Awareness ◽  
Behavioral Ethics

To better understand the ethical decision-making process and why individuals fail to act ethically, the aim of this article is to explore what are seen as the key impediments to ethical behavior and their pedagogical implications. Using the ethical decision-making process proposed by Rest as an overarching framework, the article examines the following barriers to ethical decision making: improper framing, which can preclude moral awareness; cognitive biases and psychological tendencies, which can hinder reaching proper moral judgments; and moral rationalizations, which can obstruct moral judgments from being translated into moral intentions or ethical behavior. Next, pedagogical exercises and tools for teaching behavioral ethics and ethical decision making are provided. The article concludes with its implications.

scholarly journals Vaccine hesitancy: evidence from an adverse events following immunization database, and the role of cognitive biases

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Azarpanah ◽  
Mohsen Farhadloo ◽  
Rustam Vahidov ◽  
Louise Pilote
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccination Decision ◽  
Vaccine Information

Abstract Background Vaccine hesitancy has been a growing challenge for public health in recent decades. Among factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy, concerns regarding vaccine safety and Adverse Events (AEs) play the leading role. Moreover, cognitive biases are critical in connecting such concerns to vaccine hesitancy behaviors, but their role has not been comprehensively studied. In this study, our first objective is to address concerns regarding vaccine AEs to increase vaccine acceptance. Our second objective is to identify the potential cognitive biases connecting vaccine hesitancy concerns to vaccine-hesitant behaviors and identify the mechanism they get triggered in the vaccine decision-making process. Methods First, to mitigate concerns regarding AEs, we quantitatively analyzed the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 2011 to 2018 and provided evidence regarding the non-severity of the AEs that can be used as a communicable summary to increase vaccine acceptance. Second, we focused on the vaccination decision-making process. We reviewed cognitive biases and vaccine hesitancy literature to identify the most potential cognitive biases that affect vaccine hesitancy and categorized them adopting the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM). Results Our results show that the top frequent AEs are expected mild reactions like injection site erythema (4.29%), pyrexia (3.66%), and injection site swelling (3.21%). 94.5% of the reports are not serious and the average population-based serious reporting rate over the 8 years was 25.3 reports per 1 million population. We also identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect people’s vaccination decision-making and nudge them toward vaccine hesitancy. We categorized these biases based on the factors that trigger them and discussed how they contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions This paper provided an evidence-based communicable summary of VAERS. As the most trusted sources of vaccine information, health practitioners can use this summary to provide evidence-based vaccine information to vaccine decision-makers (patients/parents) and mitigate concerns over vaccine safety and AEs. In addition, we identified 15 potential cognitive biases that might affect the vaccination decision-making process and nudge people toward vaccine hesitancy. Any plan, intervention, and message to increase vaccination uptake should be modified to decrease the effect of these potential cognitive biases.

Detecting and Avoiding Cognitive Biases

2018 ◽  
pp. 236-258
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Wrong Answer ◽  
The Right

Cognitive biases affect the decision-making process. These cognitive biases can help us to make a right or effective and quick decision, but many times they can produce wrong, illogical, or unfounded decisions or judgments. For this reason, this chapter will describe some programs, games, techniques, and therapies to detect and reduce them. These programs can be used both in the clinical population and healthy population. Therefore, the first step is being aware of our biases and the second step would be doing practical exercises to reduce and avoid them in our decision making. Practicing these exercises does not help us to always choose the right option, but they inhibit the wrong answer.

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