scholarly journals The Comfort of the Mystics

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Atif Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Mystical Tradition ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Close Study ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technical Terms

The early period of Sufism still remains insufficiently explored within westernscholarship. Despite the contributions of a range of academic authorities overthe past two centuries, stretching back to the publication of Lt. Graham’s 1819essay, “A Treatise on Sufism, or Mahomedan Mysticism,” followed by the firstmajor European study of the subject two years later by the young Friedrich A.Tholuck, Ssufismus, sive Theosophia Persarum Pantheistica (Sufism, or thePantheistic Theosophy of the Persians), there still remains a great deal of workto be done in order to better understand the complex, embryonic stages of theIslamic mystical tradition. In this light, The Comfort of the Mystics is a welcomecontribution to our growing but still inadequate knowledge of the first few centuriesof taṣawwuf.The present work is a critical edition of Abu Khalaf al-Tabari’s (d. 1077)Salwat al-‘Ārifīn wa Uns al-Mushtāqīn (The Comfort of Those Knowing Godand the Intimacy of Those Longing for God), a Sufi manual authored in themiddle of the eleventh century, shortly after Qushayri’s (d. 1072) famousRisālah. Gerhard Böwering and Bilal Orfali are to be credited with publishingthe Salwat for the first time through a close study of the Cairo manuscript(MS Tal‘at Tasawwuf 1553) which was transcribed a decade before Qushayri’sdeath. While they were unable to access the only other existing manuscript ofthe entire version of the Salwat, located in Iraq, due no doubt to the politicalinstability of the region and the post-war destruction of the country’s infrastructure,they did manage to compare the work against two later abridgedversions. Along with the text, they provide a meticulously referenced introductionwhich situates the treatise within its broader historical and religiouscontext. The Arabic text is also accompanied by exhaustive indices (127pages) for Qur’anic verses, hadiths, key figures, locations, technical terms andpoetic verses which will be of particular use for researchers.With respect to the author of this little known work, Böwering and Orfalinote that the primary sources do not provide us with a great deal of informationabout his life. On the basis of a well-researched analysis of the medievalsource material, they conclude that Tabari was known for his contributionsnot to the field of Sufism but Shafi‘i law, having studied under some of theleading representatives of the school, including ‘Abd al-Qahir al-Baghdadi(d. 1038), well known for his Al-Farq Bayn al-Firaq, a heresiological survey ...

scholarly journals Scenographic Charac-ters of Tetiana Medvid. Figural, Architectural and Textural Attributes

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
N. Rudenko-Kraievska
Keyword(s):  
Albert Camus ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Hedda Gabler ◽  
Theater Studies ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Textural Attributes ◽  
First Time

The article for the first time examines the scenographic projects of Tetiana Medvid, which were created during the 70–90s of the XX century, in the theaters of Ukraine, with different directors, but united by one artistic technique — the creation of scenographic characters in the form of figural, architectural and textural elements of the stage scenery, which act as separate material characters and reveal the idea of the play. The purpose of the article is to find out the function of scenographic characters — created by figural, architectural and textural elements of stage scenery in the creative works of Tetiana Medvid within the system of effective scenography in terms of creating a visual image of the play. The subject of research — scenographic projects of Tetiana Medvid: “Threepenny Opera” by B. Brecht (1975), “Living Corpse” by L. Tolstoy (1975), “Do not shoot at white swans” by B. Vasilyev (1977), “Interrogation” by S. Rodionov, D. Liburkin (1979), G. Ibsen’s “Hedda Gabler” (1993), “In the Labyrinth” by V. Vynnychenko’s play “Nailed” (1996), “Christian’s Dreams” by H. Ch. Andersen, “Ole Lukoje” (1995), “Tartuffe” by Moliere (1999) on the stage of the Taras Shevchenko Kharkiv Academic Ukrainian Drama Theatre; and “Caligula” by Albert Camus (1998) at the Donetsk National Academic Ukrainian Musical and Drama Theatre named after Artem. Research methodology — use of the method of primary sources, conceptual analysis, the method of theoretical generalization. Results. It is determined that the main expressive element of most scenographic projects of T. Medvid were scenographic characters of different typological series, in particular characters in the form of figural, architectural and textural elements of stage scenery, and the basis of Tetiana Dmytrivna’s work were the principles of visual directing: idea, thought. Novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian art history, one of the typological series of the main means of expression of the outstanding scenographer — T. Medvid — was analyzed and systematized, namely — scenographic characters in the form of figural, architectural and textural elements of stage scenery. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the presented information in scientific researches of art and theater studies, as well as collected and meaningful factual and illustrative material has the opportunity to become an integral part in further study of the work of scenographers of Ukraine.

EDWIN CHADWICK'S SELF-FASHIONING: PROFESSIONALISM, MASCULINITY, AND THE VICTORIAN POOR

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priti Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Legislative Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scholarly Attention

IN THE PAST DECADE EDWIN CHADWICKhas been the subject of several scholarly inquiries; indeed one can almost speak of a “Chadwick industry” these days. This is not, however, the first time he has attracted significant scholarly attention: in 1952, S. E. Finer's and R. A. Lewis's biographies initiated our century's first evaluation of him, culminating in M. W. Flinn's excellently edited reprint of Chadwick's most important text,The Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain(referred to as theSanitary Report). Yet the Chadwick that emerges in recent accounts could not be more different from the mid-century Chadwick. The post-war critics saw him as a visionary, an often-embattled crusader for public health whose enemies were formidable but whose vision, extending the liberal and radical tradition, ultimately prevailed. Cultural critics, on the other hand, present a Chadwick who misrepresented (if not outright oppressed) the poor and who was instrumental in developing a massive bureaucracy to police their lives. Thus, while earlier accounts highlighted Chadwick's accomplishments, the progress of public health reforms, and the details of legislative politics, more recent ones draw attention to his representations of the poor, the erasures in his text, and the growing nineteenth-century institutionalization of the poor that theSanitary Reportpromotes. Chadwick, in other words, is portrayed as either a pioneer of reform or an avatar of bureaucratic oppression.

scholarly journals Obywatel Poeta. Wizja Polski w „Prologu” Czesława Miłosza

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
Marek Bernacki
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Czeslaw Milosz ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time

The subject of considerations is the vision of Poland contained in the Prologue – the only dramatic work by Czesław Miłosz, written during the occupation and published for the first time in „Pamiętnik Teatralny”only in 1981. The author sees the Prologue as a testimony to the awareness of Polish pre-war elites who counted on the rebirth of post-war Poland. He reads Miłosz’s drama as an example of an intertextual workin which one can hear the reverberation of ancient, Renaissance and romantic pieces. He sees in it a record of the spiritual dilemmas of the future Nobel laureate, who had to choose between the attitude of a humanist and the temptation of totalitarianism, and also as an example of a work with universal, timeless ideological significance, speaking about the dilemmas of an individual colliding with the ruthless forcesof historical or political determinism. 

scholarly journals Knowledge of the weather in the Middle Ages: Libellus de disposicione totius anni futuri1

2018 ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Marilina Cesario
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

In this chapter Marilina Cesario addresses the subject of weather forecasting in the Middle Ages as revealed in the meteorological prognostics that survive abundantly from throughout the period but particularly from the eleventh century onwards. The chapter focuses in particular on one fifteenth-century medical manuscript from Germany containing an anthology of seven Latin weather texts. Cesario edits and translates the texts for the first time and offers detailed discussion of them. She finds that these treatises contribute to their manuscript’s overarching interest in natural philosophy and that they were mostly given theoretical rather than practical usage, having their place in a context of academic learning (eruditio). One item stands out from the others, however, a puzzling salt prognostication found uniquely here. This text relies not, it is argued, on erudite knowledge but on knowledge acquired empirically and appears to have been designed for practical use.

scholarly journals The Concept of subject in the philosophy of E. Husserl

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Sergei Sergeevich Rusakov
Keyword(s):  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
German Philosopher ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

This article analyzes the elements of the concept of  subject traced in the philosophy of Edmund Husserl throughout all his works. The author follows the transformation of the views of German philosopher on the idea of subject. As well as their implementation in the context of phenomenological thought. Special attention is given to correlation between the works of Husserl of the early period and the later period.  It is noted that unlike the Cartesian or Kantian model of subjectivity, the egological subject for the first time conceptualizes intersubjectivity as the foundation for the development of the fundamentally new concept of understanding a human as a subject endowed with self-consciousness. The main conclusions consist in the following theses: despite the fact that the key role in the egological concept of subject belongs to the definition of evidence, intentionality, and reduction, the problem of cognition, considered in this article, is developed by Husserl as further complication of the Kantian approach; the egological concept of subject implements the concept of intersubjectivity, which demarcates the ideas of E. Husserl among other approaches towards the concept of subject. understanding the subject. On the one hand, intersubjectivity weakens the position of the idea of absolute autonomy of the subject’ while on the other hand, it is the new mechanism for legitimizing the subjective process of cognition and the truth itself, due to recognition of ego behind the figure of the Other.

scholarly journals The Exchange of Prisoners between Muslims and the Crusaders (1097-1191)

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Mona Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Islam And Christianity

This is an ongoing research project on the issue of prisoners during the Crusades. There is an evident lack of information in the sources on this issue, scarcity of modern scholarship on the subject and inconsistency of the reports written in the primary sources. The researcher was able to gather enough information to try to present a comprehensive synthesis on the subject. The study first attempts to define the principles that regulate the issue of prisoners in both Islam and Christianity, and show how these principles changed during the Crusades. Then, I discuss how prisoners were captured on both sides, the way they were treated and the status of different categories of prisoners, such as women and leaders mainly from among the Crusaders. Finally, I argue that both foes were influenced by the practices of the other party concerning the prisoners of war. The Crusaders learned the benefits of not killing prisoners; ransoming them or enslaving them for labor purposes. On the other hand, the Muslims began to imitate the cruelty towards prisoners just like the Crusaders used to do in the early period of the Crusades. 

scholarly journals On sinhalese iron and steel of ancient origin

1912 ◽  
Vol 86 (584) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Definite Evidence ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Present Description ◽  
First Time

The use of iron has without doubt existed from a time dating back to a very early period in the world's recorded history. Owing, however, to the avidity of the oxygen present in the air for this metal, it has been most difficult to obtain ancient specimens of iron. We have therefore but little definite evidence regarding its early manufacture and use. It is for this reason the author throught that the present description of some interesting Sinhalese specimens of this nature which came under his notice during a recent tour in the East would be of interest to the Royal Society. This in not the first time that the Royal Socity has had presented to it papers on the subject. One hundred and sixteen years ago-to be exact, on June 11, 1795-Dr. George Pearson, a Fellow of the Royal Society, read a paper entitled "Experiments and Observations to Investigate the Nature of a Kind of Steel, Manufactured at Bombay, and there called Wootz, with Remarks on the Properties and Composition of the Different States of Iron."

Maps of a Nation? The Digitized Ordnance Survey for New Historical Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasra Hosseini ◽  
Katherine McDonough ◽  
Daniel van Strien ◽  
Olivia Vane ◽  
Daniel C S Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Historical Inquiry ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Ordnance Survey ◽  
Item Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Quality Maps ◽  
First Time

Abstract Although the Ordnance Survey has itself been the subject of historical research, scholars have not systematically used its maps as primary sources of information. This is partly for disciplinary reasons and partly for the technical reason that high-quality maps have not until recently been available digitally, geo-referenced, and in color. A final, and crucial, addition has been the creation of item-level metadata which allows map collections to become corpora which can for the first time be interrogated en masse as source material. By applying new Computer Vision methods leveraging machine learning, we outline a research pipeline for working with thousands (rather than a handful) of maps at once, which enables new forms of historical inquiry based on spatial analysis. Our ‘patchwork method’ draws on the longstanding desire to adopt an overall or ‘complete’ view of a territory, and in so doing highlights certain parallels between the situation faced by today’s users of digitized maps, and a similar inflexion point faced by their predecessors in the nineteenth century, as the project to map the nation approached a form of completion.

Scheming

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seán Damer
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Housing Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Class Structure ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Housing Scheme ◽  
Post War ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Voice ◽  
House Building

This book seeks to explain how the Corporation of Glasgow, in its large-scale council house-building programme in the inter- and post-war years, came to reproduce a hierarchical Victorian class structure. The three tiers of housing scheme which it constructed – Ordinary, Intermediate, and Slum-Clearance – effectively signified First, Second and Third Class. This came about because the Corporation uncritically reproduced the offensive and patriarchal attitudes of the Victorian bourgeoisie towards the working-class. The book shows how this worked out on the ground in Glasgow, and describes the attitudes of both authoritarian housing officials, and council tenants. This is the first time the voice of Glasgow’s council tenants has been heard. The conclusion is that local council housing policy was driven by unapologetic considerations of social class.

More Christian Apocrypha

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Tony Burke
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
North American ◽  
English Language ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medieval Christianity

Scholars interested in the Christian Apocrypha (CA) typically appeal to CA collections when in need of primary sources. But many of these collections limit themselves to material believed to have been written within the first to fourth centuries CE. As a result a large amount of non-canonical Christian texts important for the study of ancient and medieval Christianity have been neglected. The More Christian Apocrypha Project will address this neglect by providing a collection of new editions (some for the first time) of these texts for English readers. The project is inspired by the More Old Testament Pseudepigrapha Project headed by Richard Bauckham and Jim Davila from the University of Edinburgh. Like the MOTP, the MCAP is envisioned as a supplement to an earlier collection of texts—in this case J. K. Elliott’s The Apocryphal New Testament (Oxford 1991), the most recent English-language CA collection (but now almost two decades old). The texts to be included are either absent in Elliott or require significant revision. Many of the texts have scarcely been examined in over a century and are in dire need of new examination. One of the goals of the project is to spotlight the abilities and achievements of English (i.e., British and North American) scholars of the CA, so that English readers have access to material that has achieved some exposure in French, German, and Italian collections.

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