Contemporary Islamism

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Matthew Cleary ◽  
Rebecca Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social

Islamism proposes a vision of a society united by religion above all else – a vision that the West has difficulty theorizing and even comprehending. This vision and the social movements that have accompanied it are firmly rooted in the Muslim world’s history and traditions. This paper adopts a frame analytic perspective to examine and understand the progression of political Islam from the nationalism of the interwar period and beyond to the radical jihadism of today. In so doing, it contributes to the literature on framing by providing an analytically rich and theoretically valuable example of framing tactics in social movements. It also contributes to the growing literature on political Islam (Islamism) by providing a new and insightful perspective on its emergence and acceptance in the Muslim world.

Contemporary Islamism

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Matthew Cleary ◽  
Rebecca Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social

Islamism proposes a vision of a society united by religion above all else – a vision that the West has difficulty theorizing and even comprehending. This vision and the social movements that have accompanied it are firmly rooted in the Muslim world’s history and traditions. This paper adopts a frame analytic perspective to examine and understand the progression of political Islam from the nationalism of the interwar period and beyond to the radical jihadism of today. In so doing, it contributes to the literature on framing by providing an analytically rich and theoretically valuable example of framing tactics in social movements. It also contributes to the growing literature on political Islam (Islamism) by providing a new and insightful perspective on its emergence and acceptance in the Muslim world.

scholarly journals Western Domination and Political Islam

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-566
Author(s):  
Basit B. Koshul
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Cultural Character ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Independence Movements

The first two decades of the twentieth century saw the direct or indirectcolonization of the Muslim world by various western countrie , thusrepresenting one of the bleakest periods of Muslim history. In the interwaryears some rays of hope emerged in the Muslim world with thelaunching of various independence movements. This period also saw therise to prominence of two Islamic movements that were to have a majorinfluence on the Islamic response to the western challenge for the rest ofthe century: the Ikhwan al Muslimum in Egypt and the Jama'at-i Islam1in the Inda-Pakistani subcontinent. The socioeconomic, geopolitical, andintellectual-cultural challenge of the West to the Muslim world producedvarying responses on the part of the Muslim world. While movementssuch as the Wafd Party or the Muslim League represented the "nationalist"response to this challenge, the Ikhwan and the Jama'at were manifestationsof the "Islamic" response.After more than fifty years of struggle, it is becoming painfully clearthat the response articulated by these movements to the western challengeis proving co be ineffective. Despite some impressive historical achievements,they find themselves marginalized in their own countries, havingalmost no influence whatsoever on policy formulation and the intellectualand cultural character of society, for these areas continue to be dominatedby westernized elites. As a result, Muslim intellectuals have started to ask"Why?" Why have these movements, which at one time held so muchpromise and even produced some impressive results, failed to respondadequately to the western challenge, and what steps need to be taken toremedy the shortcomings? Questions of this nature are being asked ...

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Pepinsky ◽  
R. William Liddle ◽  
Saiful Mujani
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Islam And Democracy ◽  
Religious Revitalization

The resurgence of Islam in private and public life, in Indonesia and elsewhere, is one of the most important phenomena of our time. Its implications for politics and society are also widely misunderstood. Piety among Indonesian Muslims is essentially unrelated to most of the basic problems of political and economic life that analysts of religion and public life have addressed. Instead, the social and economic transformations that are co-occurring alongside the resurgence of Islam in Indonesia are the best predictors of how Muslims think and behave. These findings reorient our understanding of Islam and democracy in contemporary Indonesia. They should also inform policymakers interested in Islam, religious revitalization, democracy, and relations between the West and the Muslim world.

On the Transformation of Social Movements

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-74
Author(s):  
Cemile Zehra Zehra Köroğlu ◽  
Muhammet Ali Köroğlu
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Natural Consequence ◽  
New Social Movements ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Entities

As social entities, people could come together and create regular relations and institutions. Concepts such as group, community, society, social movement, etc. are about the social dimension of man. However, according to the conditions of the social, political, religious, and physical environment in which the person lives, their needs and problems can change. As a natural consequence of this, social characteristics of social movements can change. It is inevitable to value new social movements in this respect. Because new social movements in the West are born from a critical intellectual atmosphere against modernity. This situation has developed in an economic system based on the service sector rather than economic-order-based on heavy industry. On the other hand, the Eastern world, especially the Islamic world, has a repertoire of social movements that brings different problems to the agenda because it has different conditions. In this respect, new observations and analyses of Turkey and its surrounding will provide important contributions to the theory of social movements.

Violent and Non-Violent Political Islam in a Global Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bonino
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Political Islam ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Four Books ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood

The role played by Islamism, or political Islam, in the contemporary world holds the key to understanding current geopolitical tensions both within the Muslim world and between the West and the Muslim world. This article centres on four books that explore some violent and non-violent manifestations of political Islam and offer analyses of the Islamic State, al-Qa’eda, the Muslim Brotherhood and, more generally, Salafi-jihadism. Political Islam considers Islam to be a totalising entity that should shape the contours of society, culture, politics and the law – that is, it ideally seeks to achieve unity of state and religion ( din wa-dawla). It expresses itself in multiple, and at times interlinked, ways that can encompass, among many others, a largely non-violent gradualist approach to power (Muslim Brotherhood), global terrorist action (al-Qa’eda) and sectarian warfare combined with territorial control and state-building (Islamic State). The aim of this article is to capture some of the multifarious ways in which political Islam manifests itself with the aid of the four books under review. Holbrook D (2014) The Al-Qaeda Doctrine: The Framing and Evolution of the Leadership’s Public Discourse. New York: Bloomsbury. Pantucci R (2015) ‘We Love Death as You Love Life’: Britain’s Suburban Terrorists. London: Hurst. Vidino L (2010) The New Muslim Brotherhood in the West. New York: Columbia University Press. Weiss M and Hassan H (2015) ISIS: Inside the Army of Terror. New York: Regan Arts.

scholarly journals The Problems of Ideas in the Muslim World

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-135
Author(s):  
Mohamed Wagialla Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
The West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Challenge ◽  
Original Thinker

This is a good English translation of a slim volume originally published inFrench under the title, Le Probleme des Ideas dans le Monde Musulman. Thebook is composed of 17 essays, the culmination of the intellectual life of itsauthor, the late Malik Bennabi.The book insightfully deals with a problem heretofore neglected by mostauthorities on Islamic thought: the problem of ideas in the Muslim world. Thecentral theme of the book builds on the close linkage between ideas and theircultural environment, which determines whether ideas are dead, deadly, or efficient.As an original thinker, Bennabi identifies the problem of the Muslimworld as civilizational and cultural in nature. Bennabi's contribution to modemMuslim thought lies, in principle, in his attempt to discover the universal lawsthat govern the perfonnance of human civilization from birth, growth, prosperity,expansion, decline, and disintegration and to apply these laws to the historyof ideas in the Muslim world. He postulates that the social process takesits course in the history of civilizations and cultures, revealing itself in the dynamics of three major realms: persons, objects, and ideas, the latter being thefocus of his book.Bennabi perceives the post-Muwahid or postcivilized Muslim world as lackingthe spirit of creativity and falling into a process of ad hoc borrowing ofready-made objects and ideas from the West without due concern for the preconditionsof their viability and applicability. In order to analyze this situation,the author develops a framework of analysis by which regional issues andminute details find their place and acquire their significance within a comprehensiveand integrated whole, which in itself poses a real challenge to the paradigmcurrently dominating the realm of ideas in the Muslim world ...

scholarly journals The Islamization of Knowledge

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-101
Author(s):  
Taha J. Al ‘Alwani
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Temporal Constraints ◽  
The West ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
Science Texts ◽  
General Terms ◽  
The Social

IntroductionWithin the Islamization of Knowledge school, the idea of the Islamizationof Knowledge has always been understood as an intellectual andmethodological outlook rather than as an academic field, a specialization,an ideology, or a new sect. Thus, the school has sought to view issues ofknowledge and methodology from the perspectives of reform, inquiry, andself-discovery without any preconceptions, doctrinal or temporal constraints,or limitations on its intellectual horizons. The school is keenlyaware of the workings of time on ideas as they pass from stage to stage andmature and is therefore the first to say that the Islamization of Knowledgeis not to be understood as a set of axioms, a rigid ideology, or a religiousmovement. Rather, in order to comprehend the full meaning of the term, itmust be viewed as designating a methodology for dealing with knowledgeand its sources or as an intellectual outlook in its beginning stages.An ongoing critique and the attempt to derive particulars from the generalare essential to the process of development. The initial articulation ofthe Islamization of Knowledge undertaking and the workplan was thereforeproduced in general terms. At that early stage, the focus was on presentinga criticism of both traditional Muslim and western methodologies and thenintroducing the Islamization of Knowledge and explaining its significance.The first edition of the Islamization of Knowledge pointed out the principlesessential to any attempt to fashion an Islamic paradigm of knowledgebased on the. Islamic worldview and its unique constitutive concepts andfactors. It also addressed, briefly, the intellectual aspect of the Islamizationof Knowledge. The main focus, however, was on the practical aspects ofproducing textbooks for use in teaching the social sciences, as this was consideredthe first priority at a time when the Muslim world was losing its bestminds to the West and the western cultural and intellectual invasion.Accordingly, twelve steps were identified as the basis from which thepreparation of introductory social science texts might proceed ...

Our Most Troubling Madness

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Defeat ◽  
Social World ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
The West ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Brain Alteration ◽  
Benign Course ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
The Way

This book examines the way schizophrenia is shaped by its social context: how life is lived with this madness in different settings, and what it is about those settings that alters the course of the illness, its outcome, and even the structure of its symptoms. Until recently, schizophrenia was perhaps our best example—our poster child—for the “bio-bio-bio” model of psychiatric illness: genetic cause, brain alteration, pharmacologic treatment. We now have direct epidemiological evidence that people are more likely to fall ill with schizophrenia in some social settings than in others, and more likely to recover in some social settings than in others. Something about the social world gets under the skin. This book presents twelve case studies written by psychiatric anthropologists that help to illustrate some of the variability in the social experience of schizophrenia and that illustrate the main hypotheses about the different experience of schizophrenia in the west and outside the west--and in particular, why schizophrenia seems to have a more benign course and outcome in India. We argue that above all it is the experience of “social defeat” that increases the risk and burden of schizophrenia, and that opportunities for social defeat are more abundant in the modern west. There is a new role for anthropology in the science of schizophrenia. Psychiatric science has learned—epidemiologically, empirically, quantitatively—that our social world makes a difference. But the highly structured, specific-variable analytic methods of standard psychiatric science cannot tell us what it is about culture that has that impact. The careful observation enabled by rich ethnography allows us to see in more detail what kinds of social and cultural features may make a difference to a life lived with schizophrenia. And if we understand culture’s impact more deeply, we believe that we may improve the way we reach out to help those who struggle with our most troubling madness.

Women break down the barriers to the Vietnamese social sciences and humanities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan-Hoang Vuong
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Middle Income Country ◽  
Women In Science ◽  
Income Country ◽  
The West ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Valian rightly made a case for better recognition of women in science during the Nobel week in October 2018 (Valian, 2018). However, it seems most published views about gender inequality in Nature focused on the West. This correspondence shifts the focus to women in the social sciences and humanities (SSH) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).

GERAKAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG LABALUBA DESA KONTUMERE KECAMATAN KABAWO KABUPATEN MUNA TAHUN 1960-1980

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurwan Nurwan ◽  
Ali Hadara ◽  
La Batia
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Movement Process ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

ABSTRAK: Inti pokok masalah dalam penelitian ini meliputi latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, Faktor-faktor yang mendorong gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna, proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna dan akibat gerakan sosial masyarakat Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna? Latar belakang gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba yaitu keadaan kampungnya yang hanya terdiri dari beberapa kepala keluarga tiap kampung dan jarak yang jauh masing-masing kampung membuat keadaan masyarakatnya sulit untuk berkomnikasi dan tiap kampung hanya terdiri dari lima sampai dengan tujuh kepala keluarga saja. Kampung ini letaknya paling timur pulau Muna terbentang dari ujung kota Raha sekarang sampai kampung Wakuru yang saat ini. Kondisi ini juga yang menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab kampung ini kurang berkembang baik dibidang ekonomi, sosial politik, pendidikan maupun di bidang kebudayaan. Keadaan ini diperparah lagi dengan sifat dan karakter penduduknya yang masih sangat primitif. Faktor yang mendorong adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna adalah adanya ketidaksesuaian antara keinginan pemerintah setempat dan masyarakat yang mendiami Kampung Labaluba pada waktu itu. Sedangkan proses gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna bermula ketika pemerintah seolah memaksakan kehendaknya kepada rakyat yang menyebabkan rakyat tidak setuju dengan kebijakan tersebut. Akibat yang ditimbulkan dari adanya gerakan sosial masyarakat Kampung Labaluba Desa Kontumere Kecamatan Kabawo Kabupaten Muna terbagi dua yaitu akibat positif dan akibat negatif.Kata Kunci: Gerakan Sosial, Factor dan Dampaknya ABSTRACT: The main issues in this study include the background of the social movement of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, Factors that encourage social movements of Labaluba Kampung Sub-village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District, Muna District, the social movement process of Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo Sub-District Muna Regency and due to Labaluba community social movements Kontumere Village Kabawo District Muna Regency? The background of the Labaluba Kampung community social movement is that the condition of the village consists of only a few heads of households per village and the distance of each village makes it difficult for the community to communicate and each village only consists of five to seven households. This village is located east of the island of Muna stretching from the edge of the city of Raha now to the current village of Wakuru. This condition is also one of the factors causing the village to be less developed in the economic, social political, educational and cultural fields. This situation is made worse by the very primitive nature and character of the population. The factor that motivated the existence of the social movement of Labaluba Village in Kontumere Village, Kabawo Subdistrict, Muna Regency was the mismatch between the wishes of the local government and the people who inhabited Labaluba Village at that time. While the process of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency began when the government seemed to impose its will on the people, causing the people to disagree with the policy. The consequences arising from the existence of social movements in Labaluba Village, Kontumere Village, Kabawo District, Muna Regency are divided into two, namely positive and negative effects. Keywords: Social Movements, Factors and their Impacts

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