The classical criteria application for the decision­making uncertainty risk determination of the preferences system by the air traffic controllers on the characteristic errors hazards

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Reva ◽  
V.V. Kamyshуn ◽  
S.P. Borsuk ◽  
A.V. Nevynitsyn ◽  
V. A. Shulgin
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Given the influence of the human factor on decision-making processes by aviation operators of the “leading edge”, therefore, — of the flight safety, individual and group preference systems as formalized representations of air traffic controllers about a number of spectrum ordered by danger have been investigated from n=21 of characteristic errors. That has a pronounced positive proactive character. Explicating their opinions, the air traffic controllers simultaneously form discriminating, memorizing skills, therefore, — avoidance of mistakes in a professional activity: the subjects made one third fewer errors in comparison with other air traffic controllers in the process of simulator training. Group preference systems allow identifying the features of the functioning of individual socie­ties — dispatch shifts, possible group deformations, as well as the impact on their members of the presentation features of the performing technological procedures specifics by instructors. m=37 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which were involved in research, were built by pairwise comparison of the danger of errors and the application of a differential method of distributing the indicator of their total danger. That contributed to conducting of 420 pairwise error hazard comparisons. The implementation of a multi-step procedure for identifying and screening out 10 marginal opinions has led to a statistically consistent group system of preferences: Kendall’s concordance coefficient equals is W=0,700 and it became statistically significant at a high level of significance of a = 1 %. The decision matrix was formed from mА=27 individual preference systems of the air traffic controllers, which, by the definition, is a “cost matrix” and for the solution of which a methodology for the correct application of the classical decision criteria by Wald, Savage, Bayes-Laplace, Hurwitz has been implemented. It revealed the identity of the group systems of preferences obtained by Wald and Savage criterion, as well as the Bayes-Laplace criterion and such a strategy of group decisions as summation and averaging of ranks. The empirical preferences are generally the same: Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients are unusually high (RB–L–W/S=0,8922, RB–L–HW=0,9263, RW/S–HW=0,9477) and statistically gullible at a high level of significance for human factor studies . The following values of the normative indicator of the not distinguishing dangers of error risk in the group preference systems are obtained: R*BL=0 , R*HW=0,19·10-2, R*W/S=5,58·10-2. The value of this indicator for the group is R*g=0,52·10-2.

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

scholarly journals ПРЕВЕНТИВНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОЇ ЗНАЧУЩОСТІ ХАРАКТЕРНИХ ПОМИЛОК АВІАДИСПЕЧЕРІВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Олексій Миколайович Рева ◽  
Володимир Вікторович Камишин ◽  
Андрій Миколайович Невиніцин ◽  
Сергій Валерійович Недбай
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Main Factor

It is substantiated that the main factor explaining the impact of "front-line" aviation operators on the interaction of ICAO flight safety concept components is their "attitude to dangerous activities or conditions". To this “attitude” is assigned a preference system based on indicators and characteristics of professional activity. Based on ICAO recommendations and statistics on accidents and serious incidents during the organization of air traffic, a spectrum of n = 21 characteristic errors of air traffic controllers was formed, which most fully and comprehensively illustrates their erroneous decisions. Focusing on the linguistic indicators of ICAO to determine the levels of frequency and danger of adverse events, it is reasonable to carry out their defuzzification by using weighted error significance factors to determine individual and group preference systems. The coefficients are determined at the fifth iteration of the application of the mathematical method of prioritization. m=37 of professional air traffic controllers were involved in the experiment. To summarize their opinions regarding the frequency and danger of errors, a multiplicative approach was implemented, in contrast to the additive approach, more accurate results are obtained. The group systems of preferences of the tested air traffic controllers were constructed in terms of the frequency and dangers of characteristic errors that do not coincide. Indistinguishability indicator was introduced. It is found that its value for the study of the frequency of errors in the group system of advantages is equal to the value  R*LF= 1,23·10-2, and for the analysis of the risks of errors - three times worse and equalR*LD= 3,77·10-2. An integrative (holistic) indicator of the significance of each error summarizes its coefficients of significance for the frequency and hazard indicators and is multiplicative. Which made it possible to build the ultimate group benefits system. The degree of indistinction of the significance of errors in it is equalR*g = 0,91·10-2, which testifies to the effectiveness of the proposed approach to the implementation of the recommendations of ICAO on the consideration in the processes of safety management of the frequency of flights and from the top of adverse events. It is proposed to use the obtained results to create a methodology for analyzing the “event tree” in flight safety management systems.

System analysis: the kemeny’s median as an optimization model of the preferences group system of air traffic controllers of the danger of the characteristic errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshуn ◽  
V. A. Shulgin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Individual Preference ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
General Group ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Preference System ◽  
High Level

The systems of advantages of aviation operators of the “front line” on the indicators and characteristics of their professional activities is one of the indicators demonstrating the influence of the human factor on decision-making, and, consequently, on the “attitude towards dangerous actions or conditions”, which, in its turn, is one of the components of the current ICAO safety paradigm. The preference system is understood as an ordered series of the specified indicators and characteristics from the most dangerous to the least dangerous, including errors that can be made by air traffic controllers. Group systems of advantages have a number of properties (peculiarities of the prevailing in a particular society — control shift — opinions on the perception of threats and hazards, the influence of the attitude of instructor personnel to threats and dangers and the technology to overcome them, statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents in the area of responsibility, etc.) that are desirable to take into account in the safety management process and that are found by aggregating individual systems of benefits. This aggregation occurs using strategies for making group decisions, from which one should point to the strategy of summing and averaging ranks, which is riskier, but allows establishing the degree of consistency of opinions using the Kendall concordance coefficient. An important strategy is based on the classical Savage decision-making criteria, which has an optimization content and allows minimizing deviations in opinions regarding the dangers of mistakes of both the majority and the minority of the group members. The Kemeny’s median has a pronounced nonparametric optimization content, but it is almost never used in studies of the influence of the human factor on decision making in aviation systems. Individual systems of preferences of m=37 air traffic controllers on the spectrum of n=21 characteristic errors were constructed by them using the usual method of pairwise comparisons and normative establishment of a part of the total hazard. The use of the technology for detecting and filtering out marginal thoughts — individual systems of advantages, which significantly differ from the general group, made it possible to distinguish a subgroup mA=26 with a high level of intragroup consistency of opinions: the coefficient of concordance is W=0.7144 and is statistically significant at a high level of significance a=1%. Individual preference systems of members of the mА subgroup were used to implement the heuristic algorithm and construct the desired Kemeny’s median, which improves the consistent preference system and has an unusually high coincidence with the group advantage systems obtained using other group decision strategies: the average value of Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient in 7 times increased its minimum acceptable value.

scholarly journals Development of interaction model for air traffic controllers and pilots using discrete mathematics methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
A. I. Stepnova ◽  
V. I. Kochergin ◽  
S. M. Stepanov ◽  
V. A. Borsoev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
Discrete Mathematics ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of the article is to create a database of errors and to develop an algorithm for a situational decision-making model taking into account availability of potential errors of air traffic controllers and pilots. Air traffic controllers and pilots typical errors were compiled and analyzed, arrays of specialists errors were created, binary error relations based on methods of discrete mathematics were also compiled in this article. This decision is caused by the need to formalize the interaction of specialists, since each error of the air traffic controller can be compared with a certain set of pilot errors and vice versa. In case of further in-depth analysis, it is possible to expand the database by adding additional errors arrays of the adjacent point controller, aerodrome service, planning service, etc. The goal is formed after analyzing the features of simulator training in higher educational institutions. The peculiarity is the absence of hazardous factors during the simulator training. This training takes place according to the ideal model. Undoubtedly, this approach is aimed at developing the correct algorithm of actions in normal or abnormal flight conditions, but thus the trainee can’t work out the decision-making skills if there is an error in the ideal algorithm. At the same time, existing specialists face unintended errors every working day, so having experience in this field plays an important role in minimizing the impact of the human factor on flight safety. In our case, it is proposed to include such a dangerous factor as an unintentional error in the joint training program for air traffic controllers and pilots, which will improve the training quality of specialists.

scholarly journals Human factor: Methodology of proactive qualimetry of air traffic controllers error threats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Reva ◽  
◽  
V.V. Kamyshin ◽  
S.P. Borsuk ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Group Preference ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers

The monograph is devoted to the expert study of the dangers of typical mistakes made by air traffic controllers in their professional activities. Taking into account the influence of the human factor on flight safety and ICAO recommendations, an up-to-date list of n = 21 typical errors was formulated and the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on their dangers were comprehensively studied. The differential method for establishing a comparable risk of errors has been substantiated and implemented, as well as the α-method (α-coefficient) for establishing the degree of coincidence of the advantages different systems, which is based on comparing the same errors not by the ranks that they occupy in different systems of advantages, but by the corresponding these ranks of nonlinear significance coefficients. The methodology for a comprehensive assessment of error threats has been substantiated and implemented, based on the qualitative (linguistic) indicators of their hazards and frequency of manifestation recommended by ICAO. The use of a multiplicative approach contributes to obtaining more reliable results that help prevent statistical errors of the I-II kind. Using the methods of the pattern recognition theory, a multi-step technology for detecting and filtering out marginal opinions has been developed and implemented, which makes it possible to build group preference systems with the required level of the opinions consistency. The development of the methodology for the application of classical decision-making criteria as strategies for building group preference systems with different levels of risk was implemented. The normalized index of indistinguishability of error hazards was introduced. The Kemeny median for nonparametric optimization of consistent group preference systems on error hazards was applied. Defuzzification of qualitative rank estimates of error hazards by providing them with the corresponding weighted significance coefficients has been carried out. The hypothesis about the possible influence of cross-cultural factors on the attitude to the dangers of errors of Ukrainian and Azerbaijani air traffic controllers was tested. The monograph is addressed to scientists and specialists who deal with the problems of the influence of the human factor on flight safety. It can be useful in the educational process of aviation operators of the "front line" (air traffic controllers and flight crew members), as well as in providing methodological content of flight safety management systems. Given the versatility of the improved and developed methods, it can also be useful for scientists and specialists who use expert technologies in their activities.

scholarly journals Development of advanced voice-supported simulators with the function of automated estimation of air traffic controllers skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
V. E. Borisov ◽  
V. A. Borsoev ◽  
A. A. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Simulator Training ◽  
World Health ◽  
Practical Training ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Air Transport Industry ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

According to the World Health Organization, the number of potential pathogens worldwide is very high, which increases the likelihood of a new pandemic. The impact of the new coronavirus infection (Covid-19) on all spheres of human activity, including the air transport industry, has shown that it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of its functioning under the new conditions. During the research, the possibility of using automated modular training systems for the air traffic controllers training in the remote access mode has been considered. The well-known simulators do not implement a justified instrumental procedure for measuring the acquired skills in air traffic services and the assessment of their development is carried out by the instructor, who reacts to the student’s actions on the basis of his experience. It is difficult for the instructor to control the development of a student’s individual skills and he has to rely on his own experience. To simulate the controller-pilot contour, pseudo-pilots are involved, manually changing the flight parameters of the aircraft and simulating R/T communication. The well-known simulators do not allow independent training. As a result, a conceptual design was formed and a promising simulator with the function of training automation and voice support was developed. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions was tested in comparison with the traditional approach to simulator training. Eventually it was found that after using a special simulator, students' mistakes decreased. Subsequently, the simulator was used for practical training of students providing the distance learning in circumstances of pandemics (Covid-19). The project showed its viability and the ability to conduct remote training of air traffic controllers, after appropriate refinement of the promising simulator.

Impact of UAS with Low Size, Weight, and Power Sensors on Air Traffic Controllers’ Performance and Acceptability Ratings

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
Kim-Phuong L. Vu ◽  
Jonathan VanLuven ◽  
Timothy Diep ◽  
Vernol Battiste ◽  
Summer Brandt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Traffic ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft Systems ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Low Altitude ◽  
Sector Performance ◽  
The Impact

A human-in-the-loop simulation was conducted to evaluate the impact of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) with low size, weight, and power (SWaP) sensors operating in a busy, low-altitude sector. Use of low SWaP sensors allow for UAS to perform detect-and-avoid (DAA) maneuvers against non-transponding traffic in the sector. Depending upon the detection range of the low SWaP sensor, the UAS pilot may or may not have time to coordinate with air traffic controllers (ATCos) prior to performing the DAA maneuver. ATCo’s sector performance and subjective ratings of acceptability were obtained in four conditions that varied in UAS-ATCo coordination (all or none) prior to the DAA maneuver and workload (higher or lower). For performance, ATCos committed more losses of separation in high than low workload conditions. They also had to make more flight plan changes to manage the UAS when the UAS pilot did not coordinate DAA maneuvers compared to when they did coordinate the maneuvers prior to execution. Although the ATCos found the DAA procedures used by the UAS in the study to be acceptable, most preferred the UAS pilot to coordinate their DAA maneuvers with ATCos prior to executing them.

scholarly journals A multimodal and signals fusion approach for assessing the impact of stressful events on Air Traffic Controllers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Borghini ◽  
Gianluca Di Flumeri ◽  
Pietro Aricò ◽  
Nicolina Sciaraffa ◽  
Stefano Bonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Traffic ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fusion Approach

scholarly journals Impact of Job Stress on Job Satisfaction among Air Traffic Controllers of Civil Aviation Authority: An Empirical Study from Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Waseem
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of job stress on job satisfaction of employees and also to find out the drivers for the job stress, which contribute to create job stress which ultimately negatively affect job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – The study is mainly based on review of the existing literature and collection of data through an adopted questionnaire survey, conducted from the selected sample of Air Traffic Controllers of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. A total of 134 questionnaires were distributed among the sample which is selected using the technique of cluster sampling. 122 respondents returned the questionnaire, which are utilized for the analysis purpose. Findings – The results of the current study indicate that there is a negative relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. Those air traffic controllers who had high level of job stress had low job satisfaction. Research limitations – This research paper is based on a specific case of Air Traffic Controllers of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority. So the results are applicable specifically to Air Traffic Controllers of Pakistan Civil Aviation Authority or other fields in the same industry. A quantitative methodology is used to investigate the problem. Future research can investigate the problem by using a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methodology. Practical implications – The practical implications of the paper include implementation of the results provided by researcher to decrease the employees’ level of stress and increase job satisfaction level. Originality/value – The study is conducted first time in the field specifically highlighting the stress issue. It can be a base for the future research in this area.   Keywords – Job Stress, Job Satisfaction, Air Traffic Controllers

Assessing a Retention Policy for Air Traffic Controllers

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 777-781
Author(s):  
Linda G. Pierce ◽  
Elaine M. Pfleiderer
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Traffic Controller ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Retention Policy ◽  
High Level ◽  
Expensive Process ◽  
New Facility

Training a developmental (air traffic controller in training) to certification is a lengthy and expensive process. To limit losses due to poor performance in training, the FAA has implemented a policy to reassign some developmentals to less complex air traffic control (ATC) facilities following voluntary or involuntary removal from training at more complex facilities. The National Employee Service Team (NEST) is implementing the policy. We reviewed the NEST processes and assessed effectiveness based on the extent to which the NEST recommendations are accepted and the likelihood that developmentals reassigned in accordance with NEST recommendations succeed in training at the new facility. We found that NEST recommendations to retain or terminate developmentals and type and level facility for reassignment are accepted by the FAA at a high level. Furthermore, the success rate of developmentals at a new facility is greater than 90%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document