scholarly journals Biointensive management of blast disease of rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-336
Author(s):  
Yamini CK Varma ◽  
P Santhakumari
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad

Blast of rice caused by Pyricularia grisea (Cooke.) Sacc. (Teleomorph :Magnaporthe oryzae) is a serious disease of rice and causes considerable reduction in yield. Overdose and untimely application of chemical fungicides disturb the rice ecosystem, pollute the environment and induce resistant mutants of the pathogen. An ecofriendly integrated disease management programme should be implemented to avoid overuse of a single control method and fight against genetic resistance. Salicylic acid (0.01ml/ l) and Benzoic acid (0.01ml/ l) proved superior in inducing disease resistance among different inducers tested at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Pattambi, Palakkdad district, under Kerala Agricultural University under green house conditions. As an integrated approach, Palmarosa oil + Carbendazim and Palmarosa oil+ Salicylic acid were the most effective treatments .Compatibility studies under in vitro conditions showed that Trichoderma harzianum and fluorescent pseudomonad were compatible to each other, and also palmarosa oil and Neemazal were compatible with Trichoderma harzianum and Fluorescent pseudomonad. For the management of blast disease under field conditions with high B:C ratio, Palmarosa oil (0.1%) + Carbendazim (0.1%)was the best treatment followed by Trichoderma (2%) + Fluorescent pseudomonad (2%)+ Palmarosa oil (0.1%).

scholarly journals Evaluation in vitro du potentiel antagoniste de Trichoderma harzianum du Burkina Faso contre Magnaporthe grisea, l’agent causal de la pyriculariose du riz, isolées au Mali

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3053-3065
Author(s):  
Yaya Kone ◽  
Tobdem Gaston Dabire ◽  
Hamadoun Amadou ◽  
Irénée Somda
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Variétés Résistantes ◽  
Antagonistic Potential ◽  
Risques Sanitaires

Magnaporthe grisea, pathogène du riz est cosmopolite et cause d’énormes dégâts au Mali. L’utilisation de variétés résistantes et de fongicides chimiques sont efficaces pour son contrôle, mais présentent des limites objectives avec le contournement des gènes de résistances par l’agent pathogène, ainsi que les risques sanitaires et environnementaux que présentent les fongicides. Avec cette information de base, cette étude s’est proposée de développer une stratégie de lutte biologique utilisant des antagonismes naturels afin de contrôler M. grisea. Dix souches de M. grisea du Mali ont été caractérisées morphologiquement et moléculairement pour confirmer leurs identité et variabilité. L’action antagoniste in vitro de 05 souches de T. harzianum a été évaluée sur ces souches pathogènes. M. grisea et T. harzianum ont ainsi été mises en confrontation directe dans des boites de Petri pendant 06 jours. Les croissances radiales du pathogène ont été évaluées et les coefficients d’antagonisme calculés. L’analyse moléculaire a indiqué que toutes les souches appartiennent à M. grisea et présentent de fortes homologies avec les souches de références du NCBI. L’analyse des séquences a indiqué trois groupes légèrement distingués. Toutes les souches de T. harzianum ont inhibé la croissance du pathogène avec des coefficients d’antagonisme compris entre 0,50 et 0,78.Mots clés: Riz, Magnaporthe grisea, In vitro, Trichoderma harzianum, antagonisme. English Title: In vitro evaluation of the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma harzianum from Burkina Faso against Magnaporthe grisea, the causative agent of rice blast disease, isolated in MaliMagnaporthe grisea, a rice pathogen, is cosmopolitan and causes enormous damage in Mali. The use of resistance cultivars and chemical fungicide are generally effective control methods. However, the durability of genetic resistance is often short-lived because of the pathogen’s ability to rapidly evolve to overcome resistance gene, and then environmental and toxicity threat of chemicals employment. With this basic information, this study proposed to develop an alternative strategy to control M. grisea with T. harzianum. M. grisea from Mali has been characterized morphologically and molecularly to confirm their identity and variability. The in vitro antagonistic action of 05 strains of T. harzianum was tested. M. grisea and T. harzianum were thus confronted with a direct confrontation in the Petri dishes during 06 days. The radial growths of the pathogen were evaluated and the coefficients of antagonism calculated. Molecular analysis with all strains corresponds to M. grisea and strong assertions with NCBI reference strains. Sequence analysis indicated three slightly distinguished groups. T. harzianum strains inhibited growth of the pathogen with antagonistic coefficients between 0.50 and 0.78.Keywords: Rice, Magnaporthe grisea, In vitro, Trichoderma harzianum, antagonism

scholarly journals Efficacy of Fungicides Against Rhizoctonia solani Inciting Rhizome Rot Diseases on Large Cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Ajaya Karkee ◽  
Dhanik Lal Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Amomum Subulatum ◽  
Large Cardamom

An in-vitro experiment was carried out for testing the efficacy of various fungicides by adopting poisoned bait method against Rhizoctonia solani (isolated from large cardamom) in Agricultural Research Station, Pakhribas. The experiments were conducted with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) during 2016 with four replications. Two level of concentration of the fungicides (10 ppm and 100 ppm) were used and concentration was calculated based on active ingredients (a.i.) of the pesticides. At lower concentration (10 ppm), Nativo (Tubeconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25 WG) and Dhanustan (Carbendazim 50 % WP) whereas at higher concentration (100 ppm), Folicure (Tubeconazole 25.9 %) and Saaf (Carbendazim 12 % + Mancozeb 63 % WP) found effective for the inhibitions of mycelia growth of R. solani. For the control of R. solani, Nativo and Dhanustan showed greatest inhibition of mycelia growth at 10 ppm concentration as compared to other fungicides. The fungicides containing Tubeconazole and Carbendazim as active ingredients, shows highest degree of mycelia inhibitions as compared to others. The fungicides found effective for inhibition of mycelia growth of R. solani in this study should be further tested in field conditions to verify their efficacy as well as to determine their optimum doses of application. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 61-64

scholarly journals IN VITRO AND FIELD PERFORMANCE OF SOME SEED TREATING FUNGICIDAL GROUPS ON GERMINATION, DISEASE INCIDENCE AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF CHICKPEA (BARI Chola-10)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Md. Shahriar kobir ◽  
Md. Hafijur Rahman ◽  
Pradip Hajong ◽  
Md. Harun-Or- Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Group Treatments

Low productivity of chickpea in Bangladesh is obtained due to different disease incidence and seed treatment by fungicides can minimize the disease severity. A laboratory and field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jashore, Bangladesh to evaluate the effect of some seed treating fungicidal groups on germination, soil-borne as well as seed-borne disease incidence and yield contributing characters of chickpea (BARI Chola-10). In laboratory the experiment was conducted in CR design and in field condition the experiment was conducted in RCB design with three replications in both conditions. Five fungicides namely Provax 200 WP (Carboxin +Thiram), Secure 600 WG (Fenamidone + Mancozeb), Rovral 50 WP (Iprodione), Bavistin 50 WP (Carbendazim), Captan 50 WP along with control was maintained as experimental treatment. The fungicidal group treatments showed significant variation among the parameters except days to mature. The highest germination (92%), plumule length (31.22 mm), radicle length (12.26 mm), Vigor index (4015.5), Percent disease reduction over control (84%), plant height (63.67 cm), plants m- 2 (31), pods plant-1 (81), grain yield (2062.7 kg ha-1) and the lowest days to 50 % flowering (65), disease incidence (3.33%) was found when seeds were treated with fungicide Provax 200 WP (Carboxin +Thiram). To reduce the soil-borne as well as seed-borne disease incidence and to increase grain yield of chickpea, seed treatment with provax 200 WP should be followed.

scholarly journals In vivo Efficacy of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria on Available Zinc Content, Growth and Yield Attributes of Paddy (Oryza sativa)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. G. Manasa ◽  
Mahadevaswamy . ◽  
Y. Ramesh ◽  
M. Naik Nagaraj ◽  
R. C. Gundappagol
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Available Zinc

The experiment was aimed at assessing the effect of zinc solubilizing isolates on the available zinc content, growth and yield attributes of paddy. The study was conducted using a randomized block design at the experimental plots of Agricultural Research Station, Dhadesugur. The isolates namely MZSB 6 and MZSB 8 were tested for in vitro solubilization of the zinc and later brought under field condition. 25-day-old paddy seedlings were dipped in lignite based biofertilizer slurry and transplanted according to treatments. Data on growth and yield parameters of paddy were taken at regular intervals of 30 DAT, 60 DAT and 90 DAT and available plant zinc content were estimated using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Growth and yield parameters of paddy showed a significant increase in the treatment that received combination of MZSB 6, MZSB 8 and 75% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) as compared to control and other treatments. Results also showed the highest available zinc of 46.18 mg kg-1 of plant estimated using the ICP-MS. Thus, the results revealed that the combination of both isolates with 75% RDF was found to be efficient in enhancing growth and yield of paddy.

scholarly journals Varietal Screening of Wheat against Blast Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Akter Bhuiyan ◽  
A. H. M. Mahfuzul Haque ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Gazi Tamiz Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The Status ◽  
Aspergillus Sp

The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different wheat varieties against blast disease and to observe the status of seed health of collected wheat varieties. The study was carried out under experimental field and laboratory condition at the Plant Pathology and Seed Science Department, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during October to March (2016-2017). The seeds collected from the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Jessore including ten different varieties, viz., BARI Gom19, BARI Gom22, BARI Gom23, BARI Gom24, BARI Gom25, BARI Gom26, BARI Gom27, BARI Gom28, BARI Gom29, BARI Gom30 were used in both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, different fungal pathogens like Fusarium oxysporum, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizophus sp., Curvularia sp. and Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum were detected using a standard blotter method. In the field, it was found that BARI Gom28 was moderately resistant against blast. It had the lowest disease incidence (21.66%), lowest severity (30%) and also highest result in term of grain yield (5.5 t ha-1). The highest blast disease incidence (66.67%), highest severities (78.33%) and lowest grain yield (1.6 t ha-1) were found in BARI Gom26.

scholarly journals Host Response to Black Leaf Streak and Agronomic Performance of Banana Genotypes in Puerto Rico

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1808-1817
Author(s):  
Brian M. Irish ◽  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Sirena Montalvo-Katz ◽  
Bernardo Chaves-Cordoba ◽  
Inge Van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Black Leaf Streak ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Disease Pressure

Bananas are one of the most important fruits, serving as a cash crop and staple food in many regions of the world. In Puerto Rico, bananas are an important agricultural industry, supplying all the fruit needed for local demand. Diseases significantly limit production, and the evaluation and adoption of improved genetic resistance in bananas might provide an avenue for long-term sustainable production. To this end, nine enhanced genotypes from international selection and breeding programs were introduced and evaluated for their response to black leaf streak (BLS) (Pseudocercospora fijiensis Morelet) and for their agronomic performance. Bananas were evaluated as part of a collaborative effort between the U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) and Bioversity International’s International Musa Testing Program (IMTP). Improved genotypes were compared with disease-resistant and disease-susceptible reference genotypes across two cropping cycles. Field plants were grown following commercial production practices with no BLS management. Significant differences in disease reactions were observed during both cropping cycles for test and reference genotypes. Under high disease pressure, ‘FHIA-21’, ‘FHLORBAN 916’, and ‘FHLORBAN 920’ test genotypes showed higher numbers of functional leaves and lower disease severity at harvest in both cycles. Short cycling times were also observed for the two FHLORBAN genotypes. Larger bunches with a high number of fruits were produced by the ‘IBP 12’, ‘IBP 5-B’, and ‘IBP 5-61’ selections. Several of the GCTCV test genotypes were extremely susceptible to BLS, did not perform as expected, and appeared to be off-types. Several of the test genotypes performed well, although currently none possessed all needed traits for a commercial banana substitute. Regardless, several test genotypes have agronomic potential because they have been selected for disease resistance to other important pathogens (e.g., fusarium wilt) and therefore have become part of the permanent TARS collection. Future efforts will continue to focus on the IMTP collaboration and introduction of promising banana genotypes for evaluations.

scholarly journals Yield Performance and Blast Susceptibility of SomeWheat (Triticum aestivum) Varieties in Jashore

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
M Jahangir Alam ◽  
MB Anwar ◽  
MA Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Late Sowing

A trial was conducted during 2015-16 to 2017-18 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jashore to select some tolerant varieties against wheat blast. Fourteen varieties including eight old varieties (Sonalika, Kanchan, Sourav, Gourab, Shatabdi, Sufi, Bijoy, Prodip) and six newly released varieties (BARI Gom 25, BARI Gom 26, BARI Gom 27, BARI Gom 28, BARI Gom 29 and BARI Gom 30) were evaluated. The experiments were non-replicated and were planted in two sowing dates, at optimum (mid November) and late (mid December) conditions. Three irrigations were applied, at crown root initiation (CRI), heading and grain filling stages. Plants of border rows were inoculated by Magnaporthe oryzae triticum (MoT) spores (104 conidia ml-1) for infection once per week from three weeks after sowing until primary infection was observed. The significantly higher grain yield was observed in 2016-17 (3505 kg ha-1) which was similar to 2017-18 (3448 kg ha-1) and the lowest was in 2015-16 (1680 kg ha-1). The higher grain yield was obtained due to the higher grains spike-1 (45 no.) and 1000 grain weight (36.6 g) and lower blast disease incidence (% blast index 18.1%). In all three years, there was heavy infection of wheat blast in late sowing condition (% blast index 40.7) compared to the optimum sowing condition (% blast index 1.4), resulting in very poor crop yield (1696 kg ha-1). Among the varieties, the variety Gourab produced the highest yield (3395 kg ha-1) which was similar to the newly released variety BARI Gom 28 (3196 kg ha-1) and BARI Gom 30 (3134 kg ha-1). In case of blast disease severity, old varieties were less infested with some exception in Sonalika and Kanchan. On the other hand, BARI Gom 25 and BARI Gom 26 were more susceptible (% blast index 35.3-36.5) to wheat blast compared to BARI Gom 28 and BARI Gom 30 (% blast index 20.2-22.5). The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 65-74

Mitigation of Moisture Stress through Foliar Spray of Thiourea, Salicylic Acid and Homobrassinolide in Chickpea Cicer arietinum L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek . Abhishek ◽  
S. R .Doddagoudar ◽  
Basavegowda Basavegowda ◽  
N. M .Shakuntala ◽  
M. K. Meena
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L

A field experiment was conducted at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Kalaburgi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur to study the influence of foliar spray of thiourea, salicylic acid and homobrassinolide on crop growth and seed yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under moisture stress conditions in rabi 2018-19. The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations (four moisture stress with four foliar sprays) which was laid out in 2 factor RBD. Among the different treatments imposed, two foliar spray of thiourea @ 1000 ppm under no moisture stress (control) during flowering (45 DAS) and seed setting 75 DAS recorded significantly higher plant height (42.0 and 49.0 cm), leaf area index (3.020 and 2.003), number of primary branches plant-1 (9.1 and 10.7), chlorophyll content (SPAD values 64.4 and 56.6), number of pods plant-1 (64.3), 100 seed weight (25.0 g), drought tolerant efficiency 100.0 %, seed yield plant-1 (18.9 g) and hectare-1 (27.2 q) compared to other treatments.

scholarly journals Screening of local, improved and hybrid rice genotypes against leaf blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) at Banke district, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-52
Author(s):  
Basistha Acharya ◽  
Sunder Man Shrestha ◽  
Hira Kaji Manandhar ◽  
Bedananda Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Leaf Blast ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the major cereal crop of Nepal which is being faced by the devastating rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cavara. An experiment was conducted to screen rice genotypes against leaf blast disease under disease conducive upland nursery at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Khajura, Banke, Nepal during July to November, 2016. A total of 101 rice genotypes (comprising of local, improved and hybrid) including resistant and susceptible check were screened in a randomized complete block design with two replications. Disease scoring was done beginning from the 20th days of sowing by using the disease rating scale 0-9. Amongst the tested 101 rice genotypes, 28 genotypes were found resistant, 15 genotypes were moderately resistant, 16 genotypes were moderately susceptible, 39 genotypes were susceptible and 3 genotypes were highly susceptible to leaf blast. The information revealed from this study could be helpful for rice leaf blast disease management and utilizing these resistant and moderately resistant genotypes for further resistance breeding program.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Changes in Mycorrhizal and Nonmycorrhizal Soybean Plants upon Infection with the Fungal Pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 842-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Marquez ◽  
María L. Giachero ◽  
Adrien Gallou ◽  
Humberto J. Debat ◽  
Sylvie Cranenbrouck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Transcriptional Changes

Macrophomina phaseolina is a soil-borne fungal pathogen with a wide host range that causes charcoal rot in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Control of the disease is a challenge, due to the absence of genetic resistance and effective chemical control. Alternative or complementary measures are needed, such as the use of biological control agents, in an integrated approach. Several studies have demonstrated the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in enhancing plant resistance or tolerance to biotic stresses, decreasing the symptoms and pressure caused by various pests and diseases, including M. phaseolina in soybean. However, the specific contribution of AMF in the regulation of the plant response to M. phaseolina remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate, under strict in-vitro culture conditions, the global transcriptional changes in roots of premycorrhized soybean plantlets challenged by M. phaseolina (+AMF+Mp) as compared with nonmycorrhizal soybean plantlets (−AMF+Mp). MapMan software was used to distinguish transcriptional changes, with special emphasis on those related to plant defense responses. Soybean genes identified as strongly upregulated during infection by the pathogen included pathogenesis-related proteins, disease-resistance proteins, transcription factors, and secondary metabolism–related genes, as well as those encoding for signaling hormones. Remarkably, the +AMF+Mp treatment displayed a lower number of upregulated genes as compared with the −AMF+Mp treatment. AMF seemed to counteract or balance costs upon M. phaseolina infection, which could be associated to a negative impact on biomass and seed production. These detailed insights in soybean-AMF interaction help us to understand the complex underlying mechanisms involved in AMF-mediated biocontrol and support the importance of preserving and stimulating the existing plant-AMF associates, via adequate agricultural practices, to optimize their agro-ecological potential.

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