scholarly journals Геосистемный подход в географических исследованиях

Author(s):  
P.Ya. Baklanov

Выделяется период становления геосистемного подхода в географических исследованиях. Наиболее полным объектом, в котором отражаются реальные пространственные взаимосвязи и сопряжения различных природных, природно-ресурсных, социальных, инфраструктурных и техногенных компонентов, является интегральная геосистема, выделенная в пределах определенной компактной территории. Пространственное развитие как качественно-количественные приращения в пространственных структурах также более полно может охватываться в интегральных геосистемах. Предлагается выделение нескольких уровней пространственного анализа, в том числе локальный уровень отдельных поселений. Интегральные геосистемы и их сочетания должны стать основным объектом разработки региональных программ пространственного развития и территориального управления. Эффективным инструментом управления должны стать геоинформационные, цифровые технологии, большие базы данных, суперкомпьютеры.The period of formation of the geosystem approach in geographical researches is singled out. The fullest object in which real spatial interrelations and interfaces of various natural, natural-resource, social, infrastructural and technogenic components are reflected is the integrated geosystem allocated within certain compact territory. Spatial development also can be covered in integrated geosystems fuller as qualitative-quantitative accretion in spatial structures. Allocation of several levels of the spatial analysis, including the local one and the level of separate settlements is offered. Integrated geosystems and their combinations should become the basic object of working out of the regional programs of spatial development and territorial governance. Geoinformation, digital technologies, big databases, and supercomputers should become the effective tool of governance.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.I. Baklanov

Территориальная организация рассматривается как процесс определенного упорядочения социальноэкономических компонентов в пределах относительно небольших компактных территорий. При этом необходимо охватывать формирующиеся взаимосвязи, как между отдельными социальными и экономическими компонентами, так и их сопряжения с природноресурсной средой территории. Первичным уровнем территориальной организации следует рассматривать территорию отдельного поселения с поясом его природноресурсного окружения. На этом уровне реализуется и первая стадия пространственного развития как качественноколичественных приращений в определенных пространственных структурах и их звеньях. На этом уровне могут использоваться экономические, социальные, экологические и эстетические критерии качества территориальной организации. Следующими уровнями анализа пространственного развития необходимо выделять дробный, мезорайонный и макрорегиональный с соответствующим ростом обобщений характеристик территориальной организации и пространственных структур. Для каждого из этих уровней целесообразно выделять и оценивать различные характеристики и свойства в направлении их конкретизации к дробным районам. На последнем необходимы выделение и оценки пространственных структур природопользования. Связующим структурным звеном между локальными уровнями анализа поселениями и районными предлагается выделять территориальные социальноэкономические системы (ТСЭС) в виде сочетания поселений, связанных непосредственными транспортными связями с некоторым одним, центральным поселением. В эту систему необходимо включение всех непосредственно связанных с ее компонентами пространственных структур природопользования, в том числе землепользование, лесопользование, водопользование и др. На районных уровнях пространственное развитие происходит в виде качественноколичественных приращений районных пространственных структур с их обобщенными характеристиками и границами. Анализ пространственного развития на этих уровнях осуществляется на основе интегрального районирования и оценок районных структур и межрайонных связей, и отношений. В целом представляется целесообразным территориальную организацию выделять и рассматривать лишь на уровне компактных территорий до уровня отдельных поселений с их природноресурсным окружением. Как более общий процесс пространственное развитие. Territorial organization is considered here as a process of a certain ordering of socioeconomic components within comparatively small compact territories. At the same time, it is necessary to embrace the emerging relationships, both between separate social economic components and their conjugations with the natural resource environment. A separate territory of a settlement with a belt of its natural resource surroundings should be considered as the primary level of the territorial organization. At this level, the first stage of spatial development is also realized as qualitativequantitative increments in certain spatial structures and its links. At this level, economic, social, environmental and aesthetic criteria of the quality of the territorial organization can be used. The next levels of spatial development should be defined as fractional, mesoregional, and macroregional ones, with a corresponding increase in generalizations of the characteristics of the territorial organization and spatial structures. For each of these levels, it is advisable to identify and assess various characteristics and properties towards their specification to fractional areas. The latter level requires identifying and assessing of spatial structures of nature management. The linking structural link between local levels of analysis, settlements and districts, is proposed to consider as the territorial socioeconomic systems (TSES) in the form of a combination of settlements tied by direct transport links with a certain central settlement. This system should include all spatial structures of nature management directly tied with its components, including land use, forest use, water use, etc. At levels of districts, the spatial development occurs in the form of qualitative and quantitative increments of regional spatial structures with their generalized characteristics and boundaries. The analysis of spatial development at these levels is carried out on the basis of integral zoning and assessments of district structures and interdistrict links and relations. In general, it seems appropriate to allocate and consider the territorial organization only at the level of compact territories, to the level of separate settlements with their natural resource environment. The spatial development is considered here as a more general process.


Author(s):  
P.I. Baklanov

Территориальная организация рассматривается как процесс определенного упорядочения социальноэкономических компонентов в пределах относительно небольших компактных территорий. При этом необходимо охватывать формирующиеся взаимосвязи, как между отдельными социальными и экономическими компонентами, так и их сопряжения с природноресурсной средой территории. Первичным уровнем территориальной организации следует рассматривать территорию отдельного поселения с поясом его природноресурсного окружения. На этом уровне реализуется и первая стадия пространственного развития как качественноколичественных приращений в определенных пространственных структурах и их звеньях. На этом уровне могут использоваться экономические, социальные, экологические и эстетические критерии качества территориальной организации. Следующими уровнями анализа пространственного развития необходимо выделять дробный, мезорайонный и макрорегиональный с соответствующим ростом обобщений характеристик территориальной организации и пространственных структур. Для каждого из этих уровней целесообразно выделять и оценивать различные характеристики и свойства в направлении их конкретизации к дробным районам. На последнем необходимы выделение и оценки пространственных структур природопользования. Связующим структурным звеном между локальными уровнями анализа поселениями и районными предлагается выделять территориальные социальноэкономические системы (ТСЭС) в виде сочетания поселений, связанных непосредственными транспортными связями с некоторым одним, центральным поселением. В эту систему необходимо включение всех непосредственно связанных с ее компонентами пространственных структур природопользования, в том числе землепользование, лесопользование, водопользование и др. На районных уровнях пространственное развитие происходит в виде качественноколичественных приращений районных пространственных структур с их обобщенными характеристиками и границами. Анализ пространственного развития на этих уровнях осуществляется на основе интегрального районирования и оценок районных структур и межрайонных связей, и отношений. В целом представляется целесообразным территориальную организацию выделять и рассматривать лишь на уровне компактных территорий до уровня отдельных поселений с их природноресурсным окружением. Как более общий процесс пространственное развитие. Territorial organization is considered here as a process of a certain ordering of socioeconomic components within comparatively small compact territories. At the same time, it is necessary to embrace the emerging relationships, both between separate social economic components and their conjugations with the natural resource environment. A separate territory of a settlement with a belt of its natural resource surroundings should be considered as the primary level of the territorial organization. At this level, the first stage of spatial development is also realized as qualitativequantitative increments in certain spatial structures and its links. At this level, economic, social, environmental and aesthetic criteria of the quality of the territorial organization can be used. The next levels of spatial development should be defined as fractional, mesoregional, and macroregional ones, with a corresponding increase in generalizations of the characteristics of the territorial organization and spatial structures. For each of these levels, it is advisable to identify and assess various characteristics and properties towards their specification to fractional areas. The latter level requires identifying and assessing of spatial structures of nature management. The linking structural link between local levels of analysis, settlements and districts, is proposed to consider as the territorial socioeconomic systems (TSES) in the form of a combination of settlements tied by direct transport links with a certain central settlement. This system should include all spatial structures of nature management directly tied with its components, including land use, forest use, water use, etc. At levels of districts, the spatial development occurs in the form of qualitative and quantitative increments of regional spatial structures with their generalized characteristics and boundaries. The analysis of spatial development at these levels is carried out on the basis of integral zoning and assessments of district structures and interdistrict links and relations. In general, it seems appropriate to allocate and consider the territorial organization only at the level of compact territories, to the level of separate settlements with their natural resource environment. The spatial development is considered here as a more general process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
R. Toleubekova ◽  
◽  
R. Maussumbayev ◽  

Digital technologies in education are a way of organizing a modern educational environment based on digital technologies. Dynamically developing digital technologies offer new tools that effectively complement the traditional tools for the educational process, which many teachers quickly introduce into their methodological system and work with intensively. The use of digital educational resources provides fundamentally new opportunities for improving the efficiency of the educational process. Digital educational resources are an operational means of clarity in teaching, an assistant in working out practical skills of students, organizing and conducting questionnaires and monitoring students, as well as monitoring and evaluating homework; have a large place in working with diagrams, tables, graphs and symbols, editing texts and correcting errors in students’ creative works. The goal of this article is to analyze the features of the application of methods of using digital technologies in the education system. Achieving this goal required setting and solving the following tasks: to consider the essence of digital technologies in the education system, to determine the role and importance of effective digital technologies in the educational process, to study the practice of using effective digital technologies, to develop proposals and recommendations for methodological improvement of the use of effective digital technologies in the education system. The object of the study is the social relations that develop in the process of applying digital technologies in the education system. The subject of the research is digital technologies in the education system. Research methods: literature study, generalization, logical, questionnaire, comparison, and other research methods.


2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Kazmierczak

Abstract This publication describes a mechanism for shaping the policy of spatial development, the final outputs of which are local land development plans determining the spatial distribution of objects of different environmental and economic functions. Land development plans guarantee a spatial order, which means not only aesthetic qualities, utility, logic, and clarity of spatial structure, but also high usability and effectiveness harmonized with nature, both nationally and locally. Working out such a plan is determined by drawing up many other planning documents. This results from the fact that spatial development should be integrated and comprehensive not only at the local but also at the regional level. What is more, the article presented the results of spatial policy at every stage of deposit management, from a deposit documentation to a post-mining area reclamation, as well as, it discussed issues connected with inadequate protection of the deposits in the planning documents. Documented rock raw material deposits must be included in a study of conditions and directions of commune spatial development (Polish: Studium uwarunkowañ i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego gmin) and in a local land development plan (Miejscowy plan zagospodarowania przestrzennego), and also in voivodeship area development plans. Admittedly, this mention does not protect the deposit from being used for non-mining purposes; still, lack of it might result in failure to obtain the concession for mining of deposits, which is not possible without exclusion of land from the previous use. As for the last phase of mining activity – that is, area reclamation after mining of mineral deposits – such ans area must undergo reclamation and be prepared for development in a way that enables it to function in accordance with the study of conditions and directions of commune spatial development and in the land development plan of the particular commune. This means the necessity of amendments to these documents unless they have already defined target functions of deposit area.


Author(s):  
А. G. Semkin

Improving the management system based on the strategic directions of the regional agricultural sector spatial development in the production distribution area plays a huge role in the management and agricultural production modernization. In the proposed methodological and practical approaches specific recommendations are given on the implementation of program activities for the development of the digital economy and perspective areas based on sound methods and forms that contribute to the spatial development of production and the economy in the sub-industry and rural areas. One of the ways to improve the management system of regional agriculture in the production field should be a strategic approach associated with the transformation of the economic relations of regional authorities and local self-governments with the agricultural business subjects on the basis of information and electronic relationships, where digital technologies the using becomes the main factor of growth of agricultural production competitiveness development. The digitalization development should occur in state authorities, it is necessary to build effective management structures for regional agro-industrial complex in the information space. The effectiveness of management systems when locating production in the agro-industrial complex, as in any other industry, depends on the level of digital technologies mastering and the share of expenditures on the country's digital economy in GDP. The managing processes of the spatial development of the location of the regional agricultural production should be built on the basis of creating new strategy forms: vertically-oriented ways and methods of interaction between the government and the agrarian business. But at the same time one of the main directions of development of these relations should be the effective interaction of municipalities and economic management representatives with the use of the advantages of territorial and sectoral division. The application of the digital economy elements in the regional agro-industrial complex based on the priority of management in locating agricultural production and building interdependent relations of economic and state management will contribute to economic growth and social development of agricultural producers and rural areas directly interacting with them.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0248982
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Tranos ◽  
Yannis M. Ioannides

This paper examines the impact of widespread adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) on urban structure worldwide. Has it offset agglomeration benefits and led to more dispersed spatial structures, or has it strengthened urban externalities and thus resulted in more concentrated spatial structures? Theoretical and empirical studies on this question have produced contradictory findings. The present study recognizes that assumptions made earlier about the evolution of technological capabilities do not necessarily hold today. As cutting-edge digital technologies have matured considerably, a fresh look at this question is called for. The paper addresses this issue by means of several data sets using instrumental variable methods. One is the UN data on Urban Settlements with more than 300, 000 inhabitants. Estimation methods with these data show that increased adoption of ICT has resulted in national urban systems that are less uniform in terms of city sizes and are characterized by higher population concentrations in larger cities, when concentration is proxied the Pareto (Zipf) coefficient for national city size distributions. Two, is disaggregated data for the urban systems of the US, defined as Micropolitan and Metropolitan Areas, and for the UK, defined as Built-up Areas in England and Wales, respectively. These data allow for the impacts to be studied for cities smaller than those included in the cross-country data. Increased internet usage improved a city’s ranking in the US urban system. Similarly, increased download speed improves a built-up area’s ranking in England and Wales.


Author(s):  
N.S. Serpokrilov ◽  
◽  
S. Khalil Ahmed ◽  
A.S. Smolyanichenko ◽  
◽  
...  

The article presents studies on the use of the initial rice straw without carbonization as a load of clarifying filters for the treatment of recycled water of closed water supply (CWS). The idea is based on the properties of rice straw, which is an affordable renewable natural resource, requiring fairly simple and low-cost operations to obtain the required size of the load, as well as easily disposed of as fertilizer after working out.


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