scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR HALOPHILIC AMYLASE BY MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM OSCILLATORIA ACUTISSIMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-723
Author(s):  
Ehab A. Beltagy ◽  
Reham G. Elkomy
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Marine Cyanobacterium ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Production Conditions

This study aimed at the amylase production using seawater instead of fresh water. Amylase is one of the most important enzymes and is very important for biotechnology. Versatile applications of amylase in many industries make optimization of the manufacturing process to achieve maximum yield is in need. Amylase is a widely used and sought-after industrial enzyme. The current research paper describes the production conditions of extracellular amylase from Oscillatoria acutissima. The marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima culture was statistically optimized using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs, under submerged fermentation conditions, for optimum amylase production and activity conditions. The verified Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs results showed that the starch degradation and incubation period improved significantly from 53% to 99% and from 18th to 12th days incubation period, respectively, with pH = 7 at temperature 35°C. SDS-PAGE resolved the molecular weight of partially purified amylase at 72 kilodalton. This research work suggested that marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima could be a potential source of halophilic amylase enzyme needed for various industrial processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of a few studies on cyanobacteria since while and the first report on amylase production by marine cyanobacterium Oscillatoria acutissima.

scholarly journals Optimum Conditions for Phenol Oxidase (Laccase) Production from Azotobacter chroococcum by Submerged Fermentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Ali J. R. AL-Sa'ady ◽  
Lamees M.R. Abbas ◽  
Hutaf A.A. ALsalim
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Phenol Oxidase ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Production Conditions

Phenol oxidases (laccase), copper-containing oxidase enzymes, are found in many plants, fungi and microorganisms. Many factors that influence laccase production from Azotobacter chroococcum are determined in this study, these factors are: carbon source, nitrogen source, pH, incubation temperature and incubation period. The results showed that the best carbon and nitrogen sources for laccase production are sucrose and yeast extract respectively, and the best factors for laccase production conditions are pH 7.0 with an incubation period of 6 days at temperature 30 Cᵒ.

scholarly journals Chloride Activated Halophilic α-Amylase from Marinobacter sp. EMB8: Production Optimization and Nanoimmobilization for Efficient Starch Hydrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Kumar ◽  
S. K. Khare
Keyword(s):  
Immobilized Enzyme ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles

Halophiles have been perceived as potential source of novel enzymes in recent years. The interest emanates from their ability to catalyze efficiently under high salt and organic solvents. Present work encompasses production optimization and nanoimmobilization of an α-amylase from moderately halophilic Marinobacter sp. EMB8. Media ingredients and culture conditions were optimized by “one-at-a-time approach.” Starch was found to be the best carbon source at 5% (w/v) concentration. Glucose acted as catabolic repressor for amylase production. Salt proved critical for amylase production and maximum production was attained at 5% (w/v) NaCl. Optimization of various culture parameters resulted in 48.0 IU/mL amylase production, a 12-fold increase over that of unoptimized condition (4.0 IU/mL). α-Amylase was immobilized on 3-aminopropyl functionalized silica nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Optimization of various parameters resulted in 96% immobilization efficiency. Starch hydrolyzing efficiency of immobilized enzyme was comparatively better. Immobilized α-amylase retained 75% of its activity after 5th cycle of repeated use.

Study on optimization of mechanical peeling for sweet potato

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
P Vithu ◽  
Sanjaya K. Dash ◽  
Kalpana Rayaguru ◽  
Uma Sankar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Rotating Disc ◽  
Minimum Loss ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Commercial Processing

The aim of this research work was to optimize the machine parameters of a commercially available tuber peeler for peeling of sweet potato to get maximum yield with minimum loss. The process was proposed for different parameters such as peeling efficiency, material loss and peeling effectiveness at different speeds of rotating disc (300, 400 and 500 rev/min or 5.4, 7.2 and 9 m/s), peeling durations (20, 40 and 60 s) and batch loads of 1 and 2 kg. The study revealed that the peeling parameters were greatly influenced by the speed of rotating disc, peeling duration and batch loads. The optimal conditions for peeling sweet potato were a peeling duration of 40 s and speed of rotating disc of 500 rev/min 2 kg batch loads. The corresponding peeling efficiency, peeling effectiveness and material loss were 83.8±2.0%, 74.2±1.3% and 11.45±0.71%, respectively. Further, the study showed that a batch load of 2 kg was suitable for commercial processing of sweet potato than 1 kg because of the better performance indices of peeling.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of an Indian Marine Cyanobacterial Strain with Fast Growth and High Polyglucan Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (47) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Pathania ◽  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Shireesh Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Marine Cyanobacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Strain ◽  
Draft Sequence ◽  
Marine Cyanobacterium ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Global Carbon

ABSTRACT Marine cyanobacteria play an important role in global carbon cycling and are a potential source of polyglucans for biotechnological purposes. This report provides the draft sequence of an Indian marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus elongatus BDU 130192, which shows fast growth and high polyglucan content. The genome sequence will help in understanding the unique properties of this organism.

scholarly journals Performance of Hybrid Rice (Bio-453) In Variation of Spacing and Number of Seedling Per Hill

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
D Chowdhury ◽  
M Biswas ◽  
MNH Miah ◽  
P Mandal ◽  
MS Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Rice Line ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Plot Design

Hybrid rice production can ensure to get more yields per unit land. The research work was carried out to evaluate the effect of number of seedling hill-1 and spacing on the growth and yield of hybrid rice line Bio-453. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications at the field of Agronomy and Haor Agriculture Department of Sylhet Agricultural University, under the AEZ 20 in Kharif-II (Aman) season of 2013. Number of seedling hill-1 was assigned in the main plot and plant spacing in the sub-plot. Two levels of seedling hill-1 viz. NS1 (1 seedling hill-1) and NS2 (2 seedlings hill-1) and five levels of plant spacing viz. Sp1 (15 cm  X 15 cm), Sp2 (15 cm X 20 cm) and Sp3 (20 cm X 20 cm), Sp4 (20 cm X 25 cm) and Sp5 (20 cm X 30 cm) were the treatments. Number of seedling hill-1 and plant spacing showed significant effect in yield and yield contributing parameters except days to maturity, plant height, 1000-grain weight, total tillers hill-1, number of effective tillers hill-1, harvest index and grains panicle-1. Maximum grain yield (9.43 t ha-1), straw yield (16.27 t ha-1) and biological yield (25.70 t ha-1) were obtained from 1 seedling hill-1 (NS1) with the closest spacing 15 cm X 15 cm Therefore,  one seedling hill-1 with 15 cm distance for plant and row to row distance could  ensure maximum yield of hybrid rice line Bio-453. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(1): 27-37

scholarly journals Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS to Extract Plantation Rows from A Drone-Based Image Point Cloud Digital Surface Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Nadeem Fareed ◽  
Khushbakht Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Image Point ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Rgb Image

Automated feature extraction from drone-based image point clouds (DIPC) is of paramount importance in precision agriculture (PA). PA is blessed with mechanized row seedlings to attain maximum yield and best management practices. Therefore, automated plantation rows extraction is essential in crop harvesting, pest management, and plant grow-rate predictions. Most of the existing research is consists on red, green, and blue (RGB) image-based solutions to extract plantation rows with the minimal background noise of test study sites. DIPC-based DSM row extraction solutions have not been tested frequently. In this research work, an automated method is designed to extract plantation row from DIPC-based DSM. The chosen plantation compartments have three different levels of background noise in UAVs images, therefore, methodology was tested under different background noises. The extraction results were quantified in terms of completeness, correctness, quality, and F1-score values. The case study revealed the potential of DIPC-based solution to extraction the plantation rows with an F1-score value of 0.94 for a plantation compartment with minimal background noises, 0.91 value for a highly noised compartment, and 0.85 for a compartment where DIPC was compromised. The evaluation suggests that DSM-based solutions are robust as compared to RGB image-based solutions to extract plantation-rows. Additionally, DSM-based solutions can be further extended to assess the plantation rows surface deformation caused by humans and machines and state-of-the-art is redefined.

Soybean improvement through research in India and socio-economic changes

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purushottam Sharma ◽  
B. U. Dupare ◽  
Ram Manohar Patel
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Seed Availability ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

Soybean research work in India which was intended towards yield improvement, biotic and abiotic stress management and food grade characteristics has resulted in 98 varieties notified with maximum yield potential of 4 t/ha which is an increase from 2.5 t/ha during the 1970s, resistant/tolerant to insects, pests and moisture stress as well as with higher nutritional characteristics. The yield index (yield of 1970-71=100) for soybean has increased to 318 since its introduction for commercial cultivation. The technology achievement index has increased from 100 in 1980-81 to 156.3 in 1999-2000 and 182 in 2010-11. The per hectare value of all crops output (at constant 2001-04 prices) increased 250 to 600 per cent in TE 2011-12 over TE 1971-72 in the districts with higher proportion of gross cropped area under soybean and also the per hectare value of output was higher in major soybean growing districts than the other districts with a few exceptions. Though, at present about 45 varieties exist in the seed-chain, however, only four varieties dominate the seed chain and account for about 95 per cent of the total soybean seed requirement in the country and 98 per cent of the seed availability. To bridge the continual increase in demand for edible oil and nutritional requirements, genetic improvement in soybean for attenuating major issues is required.

The Effect on Concrete Resistivity of Sulfate Content in Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Emilio Rendon ◽  
Montserrat Rendon ◽  
Norma Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Sulfate Attack ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Concrete Resistivity

ABSTRACTSulfate attack on concrete has been studied worldwide for more than 60 years. However, the mechanisms of attack are still not entirely understood, and deterioration of concrete from sulfates still occurs. The source of the sulfates may be either external or internal. External sources are the naturally occurring sulfates in the environment or those sulfates that are the product of industrial processes or various human activities (e.g. fertilizers often release sulfates into the soil and groundwater). Internal sources of sulfates may include the sulfates introduced in the cements from which concrete is made. The purpose of this study is to find out the amount of sulfates that concrete can withstand in the water. Standards tests have been developed to evaluate the resistance of concretes to sulfate attack. Some, but not all of these tests, take into account the mechanisms of sulfate attack so far discovered in research work. The tests range from those that monitor changes in the strength of concrete specimens after set periods of immersion in known compositions sulfate solutions, to those that use x- ray diffraction to examine concrete specimens for expansive products (e.g. ettringite and thaumasite) that have resulted from sulfate attack.

Characterizing Chicken Eggshell Reinforced Polypropylene (PP)

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 871-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivarao ◽  
Mohd Rizal Salleh ◽  
A. Kamely ◽  
A. Tajul ◽  
Taufik
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Chicken Eggshell ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
Creep Modulus ◽  
Flexural Tests

Chicken eggshell (ES) is an industrial by product containing 95% calcium carbonate and its disposal constitutes a serious environmental hazard. ES contains about 95% calcium carbonate in the form of calcite and 5% organic materials such as type X collagen, sulfated polysaccharides, and other proteins. Although there have been several attempts to use eggshell components for different applications, its chemical composition and availability makes eggshell a potential source of filler for PP composites. In this research work, different proportions of chicken eggshell as bio-filler for polypropylene (PP) composite were compared with different operating temperature by creep test, hardness test and SEM photomicrographs. The eggshell had been prepared by blending and sieving them into granule size of less than 160μm. The granules were then mixed with polypropylene into four weight ratios, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively using fine extruder, where silane was used as the coupling agent. From the result, it was learnt that, the ES filler had improved Creep Strain and Creep Modulus for the operating temperatures of 34°C and 80°C. Tensile and flexural tests were also performed to study the pattern and behaviour of the chicken egg shell particulated polypropylene. In general, the findings can be concluded that not all ratios of particulation yielded positive as expected, but there were also conditions where virgin polypropylene yields better result depending on the test type and composite matrices.

scholarly journals Production and Partial Characterization of α-Amylase Enzyme from Bacillus sp. BCC 01-50 and Potential Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Ahmed Simair ◽  
Abdul Sattar Qureshi ◽  
Imrana Khushk ◽  
Chaudhry Haider Ali ◽  
Safia Lashari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Beef Extract ◽  
Amylase Production

Amylase is an industrially important enzyme and applied in many industrial processes such as saccharification of starchy materials, food, pharmaceutical, detergent, and textile industries. This research work deals with the optimization of fermentation conditions for α-amylase production from thermophilic bacterial strain Bacillus sp. BCC 01-50 and characterization of crude amylase. The time profile of bacterial growth and amylase production was investigated in synthetic medium and maximum enzyme titer was observed after 60 h. In addition, effects of different carbon sources were tested as a substrate for amylase production and molasses was found to be the best. Various organic and inorganic compounds, potassium nitrate, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, urea, yeast extract, tryptone, beef extract, and peptone, were used and beef extract was found to be the best among the nitrogen sources used. Temperature, pH, agitation speed, and size of inoculum were also optimized. Highest enzyme activity was obtained when the strain was cultured in molasses medium for 60 h in shaking incubator (150 rpm) at 50°C and pH 8. Crude amylase showed maximal activity at pH 9 and 65°C. Enzyme remained stable in alkaline pH range 9-10 and 60–70°C. Crude amylase showed great potential for its application in detergent industry and saccharification of starchy materials.

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