scholarly journals Features of the organization and legislative regulation of education in the Russian Empire in the XIX – early XX century

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Nadegda Biyushkina
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Terrorist Acts

In the field of view of the author are issues of legal regulation of education in the Russian state in the XIX - early XX century. It is noted that the educational process of the period under review was characterized by both academic and applied nature, as well as a systematic approach and the desire for standardization. The events that took place in the country during the ascension to the throne of Alexander III, in particular, numerous terrorist acts left a certain imprint on the domestic political course conducted in the country, including the legal regulation of educational relations, which remained unchanged until the beginning of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of state financial control in the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX century – the beginning of the XX century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Pohodzilo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Main Body ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Problem setting. At present, the Institute of Public Financial Control is one of the main mechanisms for implementing financial and legal policy in Ukraine. At the same time, many questions regarding the legal and organizational support of the Institute, both in theory and in practice, have not yet been finally resolved and need further improvement. Since the 90’s of the twentieth century. Ukraine has started the transition to market relations. Financial and control bodies began to emerge, which appeared most often spontaneously in the state mechanism and were not brought into a single system, which was facilitated by the imperfect legal system. Therefore, it is no coincidence that their work today lacks proper coordination and coherence, and there is a clear and hidden duplication of functions, which leads to numerous abuses in the sphere of financial activity. Analysis of recent researches. Issues related to the formation and development of public financial control in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century – beginning of the twentieth century, нave been the subject of scientific research of such scientists as: I.I. Blech, I.S. Blich, F.I. Bochkovsky, V.O. Tatarinov and others. Article’s main body. Pre-revolutionary historiography is rich in studies that have covered various aspects of financial policy, analyzed issues of budget, credit, taxation, including public financial control. In the pre-revolutionary period, neither the law nor the scientific literature used the term “state financial control”; instead, it used the term “state control”, which meant the procedure for verifying the execution of a decision made by anybody, or for the purpose of verification, and also the institution that conducted the audit. In the history of the Russian Empire in the 1960s, it was a time of transition to a new economic formation, the beginning of civil society formation and the transformation of state-legal institutions. This transition has undergone a number of transformations, including financial control reform, which has been of great importance for the development of the institution of public financial control. Conclusions and prospects for the development. From the 60’s of the XIX century and up to the end of the century in the Russian Empire observed: improvement of the legal framework of the system of state financial control; strengthening the position of the State Control as an independent body of financial control in the state mechanism; trend of decentralization of state financial control, development of previous financial control; putting in place the elements of publicity in the activities of financial control bodies.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

INSTITUTE OF TRIAL BY JURY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Komiljonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Jury System ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment

The article examines the Genesis of the institution of jury trial in the Russian Empire from the moment of its introduction to the end of the Provisional government. It is noted that the emergence of a trial with the participation of jurors was influenced by Western models of the judicial process, and the forms of participation of citizens in the administration of justice that previously existed on the territory of the Russian state were taken into account. The role that the jury system has played with some success in the search for truth, justice, and the implementation of effective and independent justice in the past centuries is particularly highlighted.

Kharkiv University and the Shumlyansky brothers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2b) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
I.V. Belozоrov ◽  
◽  
B.A. Rogozhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Higher Medical Education

A comparative study of the biography of outstanding doctors and scientists brothers Alexander and Pavel Shumlyansky is presented. It is shown that they made a significant contribution to the development and improvement of higher medical education in the Russian Empire at the turn of the XVIII — XIX centuries. Their activities contributed to the transition from the training of doctors in hospital schools to the academic educational process, which created the basis for the formation of university schools. Oleksandr Shumlyansky developed, and Pavel took part in the implementation of the system of university higher medical education, becoming the first dean of the medical faculty of Kharkiv University.

scholarly journals Female labor applying by the Maritime Ministry of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-373
Author(s):  
Irina V Sinova
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the issues related to the evolution of the use of women in the civil service at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries on the example of the Maritime Ministry on the basis of previously unpublished documents stored in the Russian state archive of the Navy and periodical press materials. The study of gender issues can be of scientific interest on the basis of its documents, as practically not in demand in research related to the women’s issue. As a result of the struggle of the public, there were some concessions on the part of the authorities related to the expansion of women’s access to fill certain positions in a number of areas that experienced a lack of certain qualifications, including public service, in the conditions of intensive bourgeois development. The article analyzes the legal acts regulating the work of women, especially in the public service. it is shown how the changes that took place in the Russian Empire influenced the transformation of the socio-economic situation of women in General, and, also, became a reflection of the social policy of the state. The article reveals the attitude of the heads of departments of the Ministry to the admission of women to the public service, as well as their opinion on the degree of necessity for the service itself in attracting women to it. The article deals with the arguments of men - heads of departments of the Ministry, related to the impact of women’s work on home life, on the family and on itself, which differed largely by philistine assessments, rather than progressive views. In fact, on the part of the authorities, concessions to women were more imaginary and forced than the result of an objective assessment of their equal opportunity to serve in the public system.

scholarly journals The Armenian Apostolic Church in the Politics of the Russian Empire: the Search for an Administrative Optimum

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-93
Author(s):  
Amiran Urushadze
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Imperial Politics ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Scholarly Discourse ◽  
First Time

The article analyzes governmental debates on the functions, rights and privileges of the Armenian Catholicoi in the context of inter-institutional controversies. The author attempts to identify and analyze the most influential programmes for solving the “Echmiadzin issue” and their origins presenting at the same time certain aspects of political interaction between the Russian Empire and the Armenian Church as overlapping processes and related events. The history of relationships between Russian state and Armenian Church in XIX–XX centuries shows that different actors of the imperial politics had different ideas about the optimal model of cooperation with Echmiadzin. The divisions took place not only between the various departments (the Ministry of Internal Affairs versus the Ministry of Foreign Affairs), but also within them, where individual officials could hold “anti-departmental” views in each particular case. All this hindered administrative consolidation, slowed down the empire's response to important political challenges and dragged the imperial structures into protracted service-hierarchical confrontations. The “Etchmiadzin Question” and the governmental discussions around it show in part the administrative paralysis of the autocracy and the decompensation of the system of power in the Russian Empire in the early 20th century. The article employs a rich documentary base of archival materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive. These materials are introduced into the scholarly discourse for the first time ever.

An ʿĀ lim in the Russian Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-90
Author(s):  
Nathan Spannaus
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Islamic Institutions

Following the Russian conquests of the 16th century, ulama became the foremost social authorities for Volga-Ural Muslims. Tsarist efforts at governing the Muslim population increasingly focused on them in the 18th century, with greater tolerance and state support for Islamic institutions alongside a co-optation of scholars’ authority. In 1788, the Orenburg Spiritual Assembly was founded, placing all ulama under a hierarchy controlled by the state. The Spiritual Assembly offered stability and permanence to Islamic institutions, allowing for a flourishing in Islamic scholarship, but it also transformed the ulama and application of Islamic law. This chapter addresses Muslims’ shifting relationship to the Russian state and the structural changes to Islamic institutions, and how this impacted scholarship. Focusing specifically on ulama in the 18th and early 19th centuries, it places Qursawi’s life and career within this context, particularly his education, the formation of his thought, and his condemnation in Bukhara for heresy.

The Revolution of 1905 in the Baltic Provinces and Finland

Slavic Review ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toivo U. Raun
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Land Area ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Revolution

Historical studies of the Russian empire in upheaval in the first two decades of the twentieth century have tended to be animated by a narrow centralist bias or an equally narrow regional one. Although it is clear that the primary impulse for revolutionary situations in 1905 and 1917 resulted from events in St. Petersburg/Petrograd, a Russocentric approach to a society that was less than 50 percent Russian is surely inadequate. At the same time, studies of individual minority nationalities, however thorough, tend to view these groups in isolation. A comparative perspective, which could identify broader uniformities as well as local peculiarities, is usually lacking. In this article I shall present a synthesizing and comparative overview of the Revolution of 1905 in the Baltic Provinces and Finland. Although these areas constituted only 2 percent of the land area of the Russian empire and had less than 4 percent of its population in 1905,2 they were among the most modernized in the country, and their ethnic diversity and differing histories provide abundant material for a comparative case study.

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