scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer on Cd Bioavailability and Cd Accumulation in Rice Grown in Contaminated Paddy Soil

2014 ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongkolchai Assawadithalerd ◽  
Meechai Siangliw ◽  
Chantra Tongcumpou
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Order Root ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
Contaminated Paddy Soil

The effects of organic fertilizer on Cd phytoavailability and distribution in rice plants(Oryza sativaL.) were examined in pot and field experiments. The results of the pot experiment show that the addition of organic fertilizer increased the oxidizable Cd fraction(F3) and decreased the soluble and exchangeable Cd fraction (F1). There was also an increase in the dry matter yield when more organic fertilizer was applied. The Cd concentrations in the rice plant parts were observed in the following order: root > stem > grain. The accumulation index from the field experiment indicates that organic fertilizer application is likely to reducethe uptake of both Cd and Zn by rice.

Factors affecting the yield of winter cereals in crop margins

2000 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. WILCOX ◽  
N. H. PERRY ◽  
N. D. BOATMAN ◽  
K. CHANEY
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Edge Field ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Non Linear

Yields of arable crops are commonly lower on the crop margins or headlands, but the nature of the relationship between yield and distance from the crop edge has not been clearly defined, nor have the reasons for lower marginal yields. Surveys of 40 winter wheat headlands were carried out in 2 years to determine how yield changed with distance, and what factors might influence this relationship. Two field experiments were also conducted over 3 years in winter cereal headlands, in which the effect of distance was measured under conservation headland and conventional (fully sprayed) management.Yields in the headland surveys varied from 0·8 to 10·2 t/ha. An inverse polynomial regression model was fitted to yield and weed data. Best fits were obtained by using separate parameters for each site. Adjusting yields to take account of weed dry matter improved the non-linear fit between yield and distance from crop edge. Field experiments provided similar results but the non-linear relationship was not as apparent.There was a negative relationship between soil compaction, as measured by a cone penetrometer, and yield in one field experiment, where soil density values were relatively constant. No relationship was found between pattern of nitrogen fertilizer application and yield. Conservation headland management resulted in lower yield at one experimental site, especially in the third year, but not at the other site. Where yields were affected, weed dry matter was higher in conservation headland plots than in fully sprayed plots.Although greater weed competition appears to account for at least part of the observed yield reductions on headlands, the role of other factors, particularly soil compaction, needs further study. Increased weed infestation may be an indirect result of reduced crop competition caused by other adverse conditions.

scholarly journals Effects on NPK Status, Growth, Dry Matter and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa) by Organic Fertilizers Applied in Field Condition

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyi Moe ◽  
Aung Htwe ◽  
Thieu Thu ◽  
Yoshinori Kajihara ◽  
Takeo Yamakawa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Continuous Application ◽  
Rice Yields

The decline in rice yields as a result of excessive chemical fertilizer (CF) inputs is a matter of great concern in rice-growing regions of Asia. In two-year’s field experiments, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) status, growth characteristics and yield of rice were examined by application of poultry manure (PM), cow manure (CM) and compost (CP). Organic fertilizers were applied as EMN (estimated mineralizable N) based on their total N content. Six treatments were assigned in a randomized complete block design: (1) no-N fertilizer (N0); (2) 50% CF (CF50), (3) 100% CF (CF100); 50% CF + 50% EMN from (4) PM or (5) CM or (6) CP. Compared with CF100, the CF50PM50 (total N ≥ 4%) accumulated higher N, P and K content in leaf, sheath, panicle and seeds, resulting in greater growth and yield. The CF50PM50 increased yield by 8.69% and 9.70%, dry matter by 4.76% and 5.27% over CF100 in both years. The continuous application of CF50CM50 (total N < 4%) and CF50CP50 (total N < 4%) treatments led to similar NPK contents but higher yields than those of CF100 treatment in 2018. In conclusion, the organic fertilizer (total N ≥ 4%) with the EMN method enhances higher N availability in each year. Continuous application of organic fertilizer (total N < 4%) over two years effectively increased N availability in the second year. The 50% organic fertilizer (total N ≥ 4%) and 50% CF led to increased NPK availability and rice yields over the 100% CF treatment, reducing CF usage and leading for sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals YIELD POTENTIAL OF TWO COWPEA CULTIVARS GROWN FOR A CUT AND CARRY FORAGE SYSTEM IN MID-MISSOURI

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1117c-1117
Author(s):  
Paige Hanning ◽  
Dyremple B. Marsh ◽  
Helen Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Main Plot

The use of cowpea as a forage for Central Missouri has been limited. High mid summer temperatures and frequent drought suggest that an alternative forage for livestock may be advantageous during the hot summer months. The ability of cowpea to withstand drought, high temperature and maintain high foliage protein, justifies research of the forage potential of this crop. Forage yield potential of two cowpea cultivars was evaluated in field experiments in 1968 and 1989, For both years a split plot experimental design was utilized with cowpea cultivar the main plot and harvest date the subplot Dry matter yields for both cultivars were similar at the early harvest dates. However, both fresh and dry shoot yields of Vita 3 (V3) were significantly higher than that of California Blackeye #5 (CB #5) at the later harvest stages. CB #5 plants produced a significantly higher stem dry weight while V3 produced higher leaf dry matter. Foliage regrowth after clipping was substantial for both cowpea cultivars. However, V3 produced 30% higher growth than CB #5. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDDM) varied with sample date (plant age) and plant parts sampled. IVDDM was 77% for leaves and 60% for stems of CB#5, and 80% for leaves and 65% for stems of V3.

scholarly journals The fluctuation of copper content in oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus L.) after the application of nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balík ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
J. Černý ◽  
M. Jakl
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
S Fertilizers ◽  
Different Parts

The influence of N-S fertilizers on the copper content in the inter oilseed rape plants was studied in field experiments. The evaluation involved two treatments of a single rate for the first spring fertilizer application with 100 kg N/ha in the AN treatment (nitrochalk) and 100 kg N/ha + 50 kg S/ha in the ANS treatment (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate). A positive influence of the ANS fertilizer on the copper contents in different parts of plants was determined. The highest Cu concentrations were determined in the leaves and inflorescences, the lowest ones occurred in the stem. The concentration of Cu ranged within the interval of 1.56&minus;8.75 mg Cu/kg of dry matter depending on the growth period and the part of the plant. No differences in copper content were determined in the seeds of individual treatment. The highest uptake in the above-ground parts of the plants was recorded in the green pod period and amounted to 57.4 g Cu/ha for the ANS treatment.

scholarly journals Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Soil as Affected by Continuous Organic Fertilizer Application: Implications for Clean Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2272
Author(s):  
Na Sun ◽  
Rodney B. Thompson ◽  
Junxiang Xu ◽  
Shangqiang Liao ◽  
Linna Suo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Contamination Risk ◽  
Fertilizer Application Rate

As and Cd in soil can be assimilated and accumulated by vegetables and can be subsequently ingested by humans. Contradictory effects of organic fertilizer application on As and Cd accumulation in soil have been reported in previous studies. An eight-year greenhouse study was conducted on a sandy loam soil in Beijing, China to investigate the effects of organic fertilizer application rate on soil properties, and As and Cd accumulation in soil. The contamination risk of pak choi grown after eight years’ application of organic fertilizer was also evaluated. Soil organic carbon increased 3.0–3.8 times with low, medium and high rates of fertilizer application in 2018 compared to the initial soil. Organic fertilizer application significantly increased soil nutrients and microbial biomass while it mildly affected soil pH. The bioavailability of As/Cd has decreased after eight years’ application of organic fertilizer. Pak choi crop harvested from all three treatments in 2018 did not pose a threat to human health, even for life-time consumption. Soil total As content significantly decreased with organic fertilizer application, mainly due to the lower As content in the applied fertilizer than that in soil. Continuous application of clean organic fertilizer can be adopted to reduce the contamination risk of highly contaminated soil in the soil–plant system.

scholarly journals Effects of Living Mulch and Fertilizer on the Performance of Broccoli in Plasticulture

HortScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Warren ◽  
Richard G. Smith ◽  
Rebecca G. Sideman
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Living Mulch ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Cash Crop

Living mulch systems allow cover crops to be grown during periods of cash crop production, thereby extending the duration of cover crop growth and associated beneficial agroecosystem services. However, living mulches may also result in agroecosystem disservices such as reduced cash crop yields if the living mulch competes with the crop for limiting resources. We examined whether the effects of an Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot]–white clover (Trifolium repens L., cv. New Zealand) living mulch on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) yield and yield components were dependent on fertilizer rate in field experiments conducted in Durham, NH, in 2011 (Expt. 1) and 2012 (Expt. 2). Drip-irrigated broccoli was grown under a range of organic fertilizer application rates in beds covered with plastic, with and without a living mulch growing in the uncovered, interbed space. Broccoli yields were similar in the living mulch and bare soil controls under the highest rates of fertilizer application in Expt. 1. In Expt. 2, living mulch reduced broccoli yields from 28% to 63%, depending on fertilizer rate. Differences in leaf SPAD values suggest that yield reductions were attributable, in part, to competition for nitrogen; however, other factors likely played a role in determining living mulch effects. Despite yield reductions, the living mulch reduced the prevalence of hollow stem in broccoli in Expt. 1. Organic fertilizer may have inconsistent effects on broccoli yields in living mulch systems.

Seed Yield and Quality of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as Influenced by Staggered Sowing and Organic Fertilizer Application in the Humid Tropics

Helia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (61) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.O. Oshundiya ◽  
V.I.O. Olowe ◽  
F.A. Sowemimo ◽  
J.N. Odedina
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Yield And Quality

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted on the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7° 15′ N, 3° 25′ E, altitude 140 m above sea level) in south western Nigeria between June and November,

Enhanced arsenic depletion by rice plant from flooded paddy soil with soluble organic fertilizer application

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 126521
Author(s):  
Sixue He ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Chujing Zheng ◽  
Lu Yan ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Flooded Paddy Soil

INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF YUBILEINY NOVY 142 TOBACCO BY USING THE RAIKAT START GROWTH REGULATOR IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Seedling Plant ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Plant Length

Efficiency of new natural growth stimulator Raykat Start for seedling plant growing (tobacco) has been studied on the base of All-Russian research institute of tobacco makhorka and tobacco products. We used west-subcaucasian leached black soil on the experimental field. Laboratorial, greenhouse and field experiments have discovered that soaking seeds in solution with concentration of growth stimulator 0.0001 % during 6 hours leads to germs mass increasing by 70 %. Seeds treatment before sowing with efficient concentration of stimulator (0.0001 %) in combination with further double spraying (in basic stages ofplant development: “cotyledon” and “ready for transplanting” before pulling plants from seedbed) on plants until their total moistening of above earth plant parts leads to increasing plant length from collar to growing point by 32 %, to leaf tips - by 23 %, above earth plant mass - by 78 %, root mass - by 60 %, stalk diameter in collar part - by 25 %. It was also noticed significant decreasing of stalk and root decays (up to 52 %) in areas with plants treated by stimulator. Surviving of transplanted plants treated with Raykat Start was 95 %, they had increased growing and developing rates both in the beginning of field stage and in the end of vegetation. These led to increasing plant length, leaf area, which increased by 31 % and plant productivity which increased by 17.6 %.

Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Effect of Fertilizer Application in Cassava

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Qiao-Yi HUANG ◽  
Shuan-Hu TANG ◽  
Jian-Sheng CHEN ◽  
Fa-Bao ZHANG ◽  
Kai-Zhi XIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document