Has the introduction of the possibility to build a single-family house on the basis of notification really improved the development process? The analysis based on the example of the Capital City of Warsaw (Poland)

On 28 June 2015 an amendment of the Polish Building Code that abolished a requirement to get a building permission to construct or reconstruct a free standing one-family house, which impact area is limited to the plot on that it is planned, came into force. Since then an erection of such houses has been possible on a basis of notification instead. The goal of this amendment was to simplify the development process in the case of one-family houses. This article is a contribution to the verification of this assumption. Therefore data on notifications that were submitted to respective capital city of Warsaw districts’ offices have been analysed. Detailed research has been limited to the districts of Bielany and Białołęka.

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REVIEW OF ‘DEMYSTIFYING DOHA: ON ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM IN AN EMERGING CITY’ by Ashraf M. Salama and Florian Wiedmann (Authors). Farnham, UK & Burlington, VT. USA, Ashgate, 2013, 300 pages, ISBN 978-1-4094-6634-5

International Journal of Architectural Research Archnet-IJAR ◽

10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i1.359 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Remah Y. Gharib

Keyword(s):

Urban Development ◽

Development Process ◽

Capital City ◽

Recent Book ◽

Urban Structure ◽

City Branding ◽

Analytical Methodology ◽

Conceptual Organization ◽

Morphological Transformations ◽

Global Arena

Very few informative books have been produced regarding the development of the State of Qatar and its emerging capital city Doha until this recent book ‘Demystifying Doha: On Architecture and Urbanism in an Emerging City’ has been published by Ashgate Publishing Limited at the end of 2013. This book reflects on the rapid urban development process in an era of globalizing architecture and urbanism with in-depth focus on the various trends of urban evolution, governance, image-making and socio-cultural sustainability.Ashraf M. Salama and Florian Wiedmann, the authors, approach such a developmental case by a strong conceptual organization of research and a rich analytical methodology that unveils morphological transformations. While the title of the book promotes Doha, the book is essential for every planner, architect, and academic to read and explore its scientific and empirical methodologies, and their implementation. In essence these can be utilized in other cities of similar vision and pace of growth. This solid production delivers an overview study and analytical investigations on architecture and urbanism of a city, which competes with other cities in the region such as Dubai and Abu-Dhabi. The book interrogates three main questions: (1) how the city’s urban structure was shaped and managed from its beginning until its being a key player in the global arena; (2) what are the models of governance utilized to transform the city’s built environment and its physical image; and (3) how place-making and city-branding mechanisms define the city’s image and impact on the urban development tendencies and their relationship the city’s inhabitants.

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A Performance–Based Building Code in Use

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v35.595 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Newhouse

Keyword(s):

Development Process ◽

Building Codes ◽

Building Code ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Performance Requirements ◽

Current Thinking ◽

Independent Review ◽

Major Review ◽

And Performance ◽

The Impact

The trend in development of building codes has been to move away from prescriptive codes that describe a particular method that must be complied with, to performance–based or objective–based codes that describe the outcome or level of performance to be achieved. The development of the Building Code of Australia followed this trend, with a fully performance–based version of the code being released in 1996. An independent review of the Australian Building Codes Board, including the impact of the performance–based code was undertaken in 1999. This review reached conclusions about whether the code had met the expectations that were originally envisaged. The performance-based Building Code of Australia followed the ‘Nordic model’ of performance hierarchy, consisting of Objectives, Functional Statements and Performance Requirements. After 3 years of use of the code, and with a major review of how the code should develop in the future under way, the appropriateness of the Nordic model is being questioned. This paper identifies the experiences gained from use of the Building Code of Australia´s performance hierarchy, and factors associated with the regulatory environment that have the potential to influence its success. The code re–development process will be described and current thinking on changes to the performance hierarchy will be exposed. The results from the independent review of the performance–based code is reported here in.

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Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Miscanthus Crop for Sustainable Household Heating in Serbia

Forests ◽

10.3390/f9100654 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 654 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Milica Perić ◽

Mirko Komatina ◽

Dragi Antonijević ◽

Branko Bugarski ◽

Željko Dželetović

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

C Sequestration ◽

Agricultural Machinery ◽

Free Standing ◽

Miscanthus Giganteus ◽

Combined Use ◽

The Republic ◽

Reduction Of Co2 ◽

Family House

This paper investigates the environmental impacts and energy benefits of the cultivation of Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deu.), in order to initiate its use in sustainable household heating in the Republic of Serbia. Based on the analysis of available data regarding the use of agricultural machinery in Serbia, a Miscanthus supply chain is constructed and examined in detail, scrutinizing all relevant operations—from planting of rhizomes to thermal energy production. Results of the life cycle assessment identify the briquetting process as the most environmentally burdensome operation due to high electricity consumption and low productivity. It is concluded that an average yield of 23.5 t dry matter (d.m.) year−1 obtained from 1 ha of chernozem soil would have energy output:energy input (EO:EI) ratio of 51:1, and would release 365.5 gigajoules (GJ) of heat during combustion in a boiler. With this amount of energy, around 383 m2 of a free-standing family house in Serbia can be heated annually. The same amount of energy is obtained by the combustion of 22 t of lignite or 23 t of wood logs. The substitution of lignite and wood with Miscanthus briquettes would lead to significant reduction of CO2 equivalents (eq), SO2 eq, P eq, N eq, 1,4 dichlorobenzene (1,4-DB) eq, Non-methane volatile organic compound (NMVOC), PM10 eq and U235 eq emissions. This designates Miscanthus as a more sustainable energy solution for household heating. In instances where more modern agricultural machinery is used, emission reduction is higher, except for CO2 eq due to higher emission factors predicted for more powerful engines. Depending on Miscanthus’ annual yield, the replacement of set-aside land with Miscanthus plantations result in carbon (C) sequestration from 0.08 t C ha−1 year−1 to 0.91 t C ha−1 year−1. In a modern machinery scenario, C sequestration is only attainable when maximal Miscanthus yield is obtained. The combined use of machinery with different engine power is the best option for Miscanthus cultivation in Serbia.

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High-resolution topographic SEM and radiation damage: The rationale for using low beam voltage

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100131024 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1278-1279

Author(s):

James Pawley ◽

David Joy

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Radiation Sensitivity ◽

Beam Specimen ◽

Measured Signal ◽

Practical Consideration ◽

Interaction Volume ◽

Impact Area ◽

Signal Contrast

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) builds up an image by sampling contiguous sub-volumes near the surface of the specimen. A fine electron beam selectively excites each sub-volume and then the intensity of some resulting signal is measured and then plotted as a corresponding intensity in an image. The spatial resolution of such an image is limited by at least three factors. Two of these determine the size of the interaction volume: the size of the electron probe and the extent to which detectable signal is excited from locations remote from the beam impact area. A third limitation emerges from the fact that the probing beam is composed of a number of discrete particles and therefore that the accuracy with which any detectable signal can be measured is limited by Poisson statistics applied to this number (or to the number of events actually detected if this is smaller). As in all imaging techniques, the limiting signal contrast required to recognize a morphological structure is constrained by this statistical consideration. The only way to overcome this limit is to increase either the contrast of the measured signal or the number of beam/specimen interactions detected. Unfortunately, these interactions deposit ionizing radiation that may damage the very structure under investigation. As a result, any practical consideration of the high resolution performance of the SEM must consider not only the size of the interaction volume but also the contrast available from the signal producing the image and the radiation sensitivity of the specimen.

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Proposed Curriculum for a Free Standing Symposium for Speech-Language Evaluation and Management of Velopharyngeal and Resonance Disorders in Cleft Palate, Craniofacial, and Related Disorders

Perspectives on Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders ◽

10.1044/ssod7.1.11 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 11-12

Author(s):

John E. Riski ◽

Linda L. D'Antonio

Keyword(s):

Cleft Palate ◽

Free Standing

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The Development of Speech-Language Pathology in Zambia: A Reflection on the Current Landscape and Two Contrasting Training Models

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/persp2.sig17.63 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (17) ◽

pp. 63-72

Author(s):

Suzanna Bright ◽

Chisomo Selemani

Keyword(s):

Multidimensional Poverty ◽

Capital City ◽

Service Development ◽

Speech Impairment ◽

Implementation Challenges ◽

Training Models ◽

The Disabled ◽

Disability Prevalence ◽

Service Gap ◽

Communication Disability

Functional approaches to disability measurement in Zambia reveals an overall disability prevalence rate of 13.4%, 4% of whom are recorded as having “speech impairment” (Zambia Federation of the Disabled [ZAFOD], 2006). Further, multidimensional poverty assessments indicate that 48.6% of Zambia's approximately 16 million citizens are impoverished. Currently, there are three internationally qualified speech-language pathologists (SLPs) providing services within Zambia's capital city, Lusaka. Given these statistics, it follows that a significant number of Zambian's, experiencing communication disability, are unable to access specialist assessment and support. Over the past decade, Zambia has seen two very different approaches to address this service gap—firstly, a larger scale top-down approach through the implementation of a formal master's degree program and more recently a smaller scale, bottom-up approach, building the capacity of existing professionals working in the field of communication disability. This article provides an overview of both programs and the context, unique to Zambia, in which they have developed. Authors describe the implementation challenges encountered and program successes leading to a discussion of the weakness and merits to both programs, in an attempt to draw lessons from which future efforts to support communication disability and SLP service development in Majority World contexts may benefit.

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