A TEXT IN THE TEXT: TECHNIQUE IN THE SHORT STORIES BY I.A. BUNIN

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Galina Yermolenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Mental Event ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Dialogic Relationships ◽  
The Master And Margarita ◽  
Mental Events

The article deals with a technique «a text in the text» in the stories by I.A. Bunin. Yu.M. Lotman in the article «A Text in the Text» showed that the text acts as a generator of meanings when it switches from one semiotic system to another. It happens, in particular, when a new external text is included in the semantic field of the «mother text», in which both subtexts interact and enter into dialogic relationships, they «transform and form new contents». The most illustrative examples of «a text in the text» are M. Bulgakov’s «The Master and Margarita» where chapters from the novel about Pontius Pilate are included in the novel about the Master and V. Nabokov’s novel «The Gift», which includes the text of the Godunov-Cherdyntsev novel about Chernyshevsky. In Bunin's short stories it is a more difficult task to apply this technique. Nevertheless, Bunin used the «a text in the text» approach.The article gives examples of quotes taken from the Bible which play a text-forming role in the lyric essays of the writer. The article also highlights passages from «Grammar of Love» that serve as main mental events in this short story. Finally, the article discusses the inclusion of the text by G. de Maupassant in Bunin’s story «Bernard» that transforms the meaning of the Bunin’s story. In all three cases, the dialogue of the two texts allows the author to expand his artistic tasks, move from the statement of facts to reflection, turn the narrated into a mental event, and give the work a philosophical character.

scholarly journals TYPOLOGY AND STRATEGIES OF CREATIVE RECEPTION: A CASE STUDY OF ENGLISH POSTMODERNIST POETRY AND PROSE

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Maria S. Sloistova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Reception Theory ◽  
Ivory Tower ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Works

The paper focuses on complex research and description of creative reception theory and typology. There are provided definitions of such terms as reception, creative reception, creative reception strategies, and others. The author builds the typology of creative reception on the basis of works by E. V. Abramovskikh, S. Ye. Trunin, M. V. Zagidullina, V. I. Tyupa, and M. Naumann. This typology includes two types (or levels) of creative reception, defined as classic and postmodernist. Each of the types is characterized by a number of strategies, i. e. ways of representing an artistically received text in one’s own work. The classic type strategies (formal, authentic, neutral and antithetical) focus primarily on plot transformation. As for the postmodernist level, the author singles out two strategies: congenial and play. The theory and typology of creative reception is substantiated with some examples of reminiscences and allusions to English and world poetry. The examples under analysis are taken from the following prose works by the outstanding English postmodernist writer John Robert Fowles (1926–2005): the novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman (1969), the collection of long short stories The Ebony Tower (1974), the philosophic book The Aristos (1964), and also the lyric collection Selected Poems, published posthumously in 2012. The collection has not been translated into Russian yet. Therefore, the poem under analysis (Islanders) has been translated into Russian by the author of the present paper. The paper also deals with indirect Biblical reception which is found in the allusion to the ivory tower. The allusion gave the title The Ebony Tower both to Fowles’ long short story and collection as a whole. The author of the paper draws a conclusion about the dominant creative reception strategies in the literary works under analysis and also about the possible use of the presented creative reception typology in analyzing works by other writers.

scholarly journals Social Problems in Short Stories entitled Mata Yang Enak Dipandang by Ahmad Tohari and its Relevance in Senior High School

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Agus Yuliyanto ◽  
Suyitno Suyitno ◽  
Muhammad Rohmadi
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sociology Of Literature ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Discourse Understanding

This research was based on the view that literature is basically a reflection of society. So in this study, researchers used the approach to the sociology of literature. This paper aimed to describe (1) short story becomes one of the literary works that are used as teaching material in schools, (2) the aspect of characrter education based on the collection of short stories entitled Mata Yang Enak Dipandang by Ahmad Tohari, and (3) social problems collection of short stories entitled Mata Yang Enak Dipandang. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive explaining the data that has been found in research. The main data sources in this study the quotations contained in the novel and the results of interviews with literary experts and learning experts. The results of this study is the main characters in this short story are varied and its can be utilized in the study of literary appreciation for Class XI in Senior high school semester with the standard literary discourse understanding competence through reading poetry and short stories in the aspects of reading and basic competence that is analyzing the intrinsic elements of a short story linkages with everyday life

The Short Story in America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Champion
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Technological Advances

The short story is the only genre that can be considered uniquely American. The genre began as sketches, or tales, as in the classic tale “Rip Van Winkle.” The genre remained undefined until Edgar Allan Poe’s well-known 1842 review of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Twice-Told Tales. Since Poe’s review, in which he distinguished short fiction from other genres, the American short story has evolved both in form and in content. Like other genres, the short story has evolved through various movements and traditions such as realism, modernism, and postmodernism; however, it has remained unique because of publishing opportunities that differ from longer works such as the novel. The short story genre shares elements of fiction with the novel, traditionally consisting of characteristics such as plot, character, setting, point of view, theme, and writing style. Although the short story shares elements of literature and writing devices with other literary genres, avenues for publication differ greatly. Unlike a novel, a short story is not published as a single entity. It is usually presented with works by other authors in a journal or magazine or in a collection of previously published stories by one author. The rise in popular magazines during the 1920s gave rise to the short story, as the magazines provided a publication outlet. During the second half of the 20th century the short story became less commercial and more literary, paving the way for artistic stories such as one appropriately called “The New Yorker Story.” However, as it became less commercial, the short story fell from popularity and became somewhat obscure in the manner in which poetry remains. Because short stories do not sell, publishers are hesitant to produce them. But during the 1970s, American universities began teaching creative writing classes, and the short story provided a suitable genre for teaching the art of fiction writing. Hence, the American short story experienced a renaissance, and a wave of literary journals emerged. About this time, minimalism was one of the styles most often used in the short story. Raymond Carver built on what Ernest Hemingway had started in America, and the short story took on a new form. During the latter half of the 20th century and early 21st century, women and ethnic writers were given more opportunities to publish short fiction, and the short story reflected progress in civil rights issues. Currently, the rise in technological advances has brought even more opportunities for publication, and more and more American authors are publishing short stories online, now a respected publication venue.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF O. HENRY AND PANNALAL PATEL’S SELECTED LOVE STORIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
Shaurya Brahmbhatt ◽  
Jayana Jayendrabhai Gajjar
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Love Stories ◽  
Short Story Collection ◽  
The World ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Story Collection

‘Love’ has always been a topic of interest for people around the world. Poets, novelists, painters, dancers have multiple works dedicated to ‘love’ and it seems they can’t get enough of it. Friendship, anger, cares, jealousies are emotions attached to love and have been dealt with by authors of the world. The ancient and the modern, the teens and the adults, males and female are in awe of ‘love’. This makes it a very interesting subject for study. William Sydney Porter, better known as O. Henry has written almost 300 short stories on various themes. He never failed to surprise the readers with a twist at the end of his stories. Pannalal Patel is a celebrated Gujarati author who, like Henry, has almost 20 short story collection under his name. He too has dealt with various themes including love, crime, sacrifice and more. The current paper focuses on comparing the love stories by these authors. The selected stories are The Gift of Magi and Witches’ Loaves by O. Henry and Sukh Dukh na Sathi and Nirupay by Pannalal Patel. As both, the writers belonged to two entirely different places and were active during a different time, the comparison of their stories will help to learn the idea of ‘love’ as the authors see it and the treatment of ‘love’ in their stories.

scholarly journals O jornalismo feminino de Clarice Lispector: em busca do inesperado e da desordem

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-36
Author(s):  
Aparecida Maria Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Clarice Lispector ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Condition Of Women

This study revisits research begun in the 1980s to recover Clarice Lispector’s work published in the Brazilian press. Lispector used the pages of various periodicals as an opportunity to publish poems, short stories, and small narratives that, subjected to later revision, would become landmarks in her literary production. Such is the case of the recipe for killing coakroaches that Lispector published as a columnist for “Entre Mulheres” in the weekly Comício in 1952. Published under the title, “Meio cômico, mas eficaz,” this text would later be split into two fictional pieces—the short story “A quinta história” and the novel A paixão segundo G.H. Working under the name Tereza Quadros, Lispector reveals in “Entre Mulheres” a feminist agenda that interrogates the condition of women in the 1950s and makes of the section a platform for the dissemination of ideas brought from post-war Europe.

scholarly journals “Foran loven”

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
Aldona Zańko
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Short Fiction ◽  
Franz Kafka ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
The Human Condition

Abstract The novel The trial, telling the story of the groundless arrest and prosecution of the bank clerk Josef K., remains one of the bestknown and most influential works written by Franz Kafka. Depicting the pointless struggle of a man placed at the mercy of a remote, inaccessible authority, it gives a symbolic account of the human condition in the modern era, characterised by the lack of universal truth, estrangement, confusion and existential impotence. Grasping the very idea of existential modernity, the novel provides ongoing inspiration for a great number of modernist and postmodernist writers all over the world, including Scandinavia. In the article presented below, The trial is examined as an intertext within the genre of the Scandinavian short prose, as it unfolds at breakthrough of modernism and postmodernism. Starting with the literary and critical works of the Danish modernist Villy Sørensen, and moving forward throughout the Danish and Norwegian minimalism of the 1990's, the paper discusses a range of different aspects of The trial, as they reappear in the short stories written by some of the main representatives of the Scandinavian short story. In this way, the article elucidates the relevance of Kafka's novel as an intertext for contemporary Scandinavian short fiction, as well as draws attention to the dialogical dimension of the genre.

scholarly journals Between “High” Literature and Middle-literature: Poetics of the short story “Ballet Libretto” by M. Kuzmin

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Musical Theater ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
National Opera ◽  
High Literature ◽  
The Devil

The article focuses on the poetics of the short story “Ballet Libretto” (1917) by M. Kuzmin. Researchers practically do not study the poetics of his short stories “from modern life” (preferring stylized prose), which is due to the generally accepted opinion of them as second-rate literature. Nevertheless, such a characterization of these works does not seem to be entirely correct with a deeper analysis of M. Kuzmin’s unstylized short stories, in which the peculiarities of poetics are found that are inherent in more artistic, at first glance, short stories. Thus, in the “Ballet Libretto” the extensive intertext, the abundance of references to various cultural phenomena and works of art are of particular interest. The text contains mentions the names and works of famous French writers (“The Rules of the Thirteen” by O. Balzac, articles and libretto by T. Gauthier, “The Devil in Love” by J. Cazot). At the same time, the novel also encrypts subtle, but important references to famous works of art (“Shagreen leather” and “Gobshek” by O. Balzak, “Crime and Punishment” by F. Dostoevsky), personalities (J.-B. Lully, Moliere) and cultural phenomena (Russian ballet, musical theater, French national opera). Irony, as a permanent feature of the poetics of M. Kuzmin’s works is also manifested in the short story “Ballet Libretto”, which is facilitated by playing on characters’ names, subtle allusions to the symbolism philosophy and replicas of the heroes themselves. Despite the fact that the short story can be interpreted as a story with a fascinating plot, the work has another, “hidden” plan, manifested in the references and allusions, which indicates an elegant author’s game with the reader, which does not allow to characterize the work as template. Identified poetics’ features (the presence of irony, rich intertext, many references to the phenomena of world culture and art) are also characteristic of some other short stories “from modern life” by M. Kuzmin (“Platonic Charlotte”, “The Same Eyes”, “A Kindred Visit” etc.) To what extent these features are characteristic of other similar M. Kuzmin’s works, which have not been the subject of analysis by literary critics yet, is an actual question for further research.

“William Faulkner”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wright Morris
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
William Faulkner ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Narrative Technique ◽  
Light In August ◽  
Sound And The Fury

This chapter comments on William Faulkner's use of grotesque humor and comical violence in his fiction. It begins with the novel The Sound and the Fury, in which Faulkner employs the stream of consciousness as a narrative technique, followed by a discussion of the short story “Spotted Horses” and its “exuberant redundancy of words in their extravagant application to capture a bizarre, outrageous hallucination.” It also considers the novel Light in August, in which the character Lena Grove makes her way like a sleepwalker through a gothic crackling of passions, radiant in a cloak of impenetrable sentiment. Here Faulkner's accumulating rage is kept in bounds—within the scope of the rhetoric—by his humor. The chapter also reviews the short stories “Red Leaves” and “A Rose for Emily”.

Imagining Africa’s futures in two Caine Prize-winning stories: Henrietta Rose-Innes’s “Poison” and NoViolet Bulawayo’s “Hitting Budapest”

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aghogho Akpome
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
A Site ◽  
Chemical Explosion

Since its launch in 1999, the annual Caine Prize for African short stories has assumed a dominant position on the continent’s literary landscape. It has been hailed for the exposure it provides for its winners who are mostly budding writers. Expectedly, it has also attracted stinging criticism, especially for what is perceived to be its legitimization of stereotypical narratives about Africa. In this article, I examine how the two winning entries of 2008 and 2011 represent contemporary African realities and in so doing reinforce the growing significance of the prize and the short story genre to modern African literary expression. I argue that, taken together, Henrietta Rose-Innes’ “Poison” (2007) and NoViolet Bulawayo’s “Hitting Budapest” (2010), both set in cities, contribute to problematic imaginings of African futures. Bulawayo does this through her representation of slum life and dystopian childhoods in Zimbabwe while Rose-Innes’s story speculates on the apocalyptic aftermath of a chemical explosion in post-apartheid South Africa. I highlight, also, how these two narratives reflect apparent relationships between the short story and the novel in contemporary African writing as well as the increasing role of the postcolonial city as a site from which unfavourable visions of postcolonial societies are generated.

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