scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens in Children: The Current Trend

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Sara Najeeb ◽  
Naima Tariq ◽  
Muniba Kanwal ◽  
Gul-e-Rehan ◽  
M. Usman Sadiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant infections has led to increased health care costs and mortality among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the causative organisms responsible for urinary tract infection and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among pediatric patients of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2014 to June 2015, in the Department of Microbiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, affiliated with the Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. About 270 urine samples of children with UTI were analyzed through Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E and biochemical test strips system. Their antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using standard techniques. Data were assessed and analyzed by SPSS version 17. Results: Most common uropathogen was Escherichia coli (61.48%), followed by Proteus (15.5), Klebsiella (12.3%), Pseudomonas (4.5%), Enterococcus (3.7%) and Enterobacter (2.5%). Gram-negative rods, were most sensitive to imipenem (100%), Gentamycin (86%) and Amikacin (78.3%). They were least sensitive to Ampicillin (4.2%) and Norfloxacin (5.5%). Gram-positive cocci showed highest sensitivity for Vancomycin (100%) while displayed relatively less sensitivity for Nitrofurantoin (61.2%) and Gentamycin (48.7%). Cephalosporins also showed increased resistance with only 14% of gram-negative rods showing sensitivity to Cefotaxime. These organisms were highly resistant to Penicillin, showing a sensitivity of only 12.4%. Conclusion: Decreased sensitivity against penicillin and cephalosporins is seen in uropathogens causing UTI in children. High sensitivity towards Nitrofurantoin makes this drug an empirical treatment in UTI.  Regular surveillance of the developing resistance in uropathogens due to inappropriate use of antibiotic is necessary to reduce complication in children with urinary tract infection.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection among Patients Visiting Ganesh Man Singh Memorial Hospital and Research Center, Lalitpur, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Janak Raj Dhungana ◽  
Aruna Budhathoki ◽  
Goma Poudel ◽  
Jyotika Basnet ◽  
Ravi Shah
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection (UTI) and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among the suspected UTI cases visiting at Ganeshman Singh Memorial Hospital Lalitpur, Nepal. Methods: A total of 300 mid-stream urine, catheter and suprapubic aspirate from UTI suspected patients were included and processed for routine microscopy and culture and then identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby- Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 300 samples, 55(84.6%) mid-stream urine and 10(15.4%) catheter sample had significant bacterial growth. E. coli (32,49.2%) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (10,15.3%), Enterobacter spp. (8,12.3%), Klebsiella spp. (7,10.7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,4.6%), Proteus spp.  (3,4.6%), Acinetobacter spp. (1,1.5%) and Enterococcus spp. (1,1.5%). Most of the Gram-negative bacterial isolates were sensitive to Ceftriaxone (88.8%) followed by Gentamicin (72.2%), and Nitrofurantoin (64.8%) and resistant to Amoxicilin (68.5%) followed by Nalidixic Acid (53.7%). Gram positive isolates were sensitive to Amikacin (72.7%) followed by Imipenem (63.6%) and Gentamicin (63.6%) whereas resistant to Amoxycilin (72.7%) and Ciprofloxacin (63.63%). Conclusion: The main cause of the UTIs was found as Gram negative bacteria. Prescription of antibiotics based on susceptibility tests would help in reduction of antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern and Plasmid Profile Of Urinary Tract Infection Isolates among Children Below 10 Years Of Age

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Ram Wagle ◽  
Rajendra Timilsina ◽  
Rojesh Thapa ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is defined as colonization of pathogen anywhere along the urinary tract. UTI has been classified by site of infection as Upper urinary tract infection and lower urinary tract infection and by severity as Complicated and uncomplicated UTI. This community based cross sectional study was conducted to determine the Antibiotic sensitivity pattern and plasmid profile of most prevalent urinary tract infection isolates among children below 10 years of age, from December 2013 to February 2014. Among the total 800 sample collected from the community 390(48.8%) were female and 410(51.2%) were male. The prevalence rate was found to be 44(5.5%) of total cases and was statistically significant (p<0.05). Among significant growth, 15(1.9%) and 29(3.6%) were male and female respectively (p<0.05). Out of 44 total isolates frequency of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was 20 followed by Staphylococcus aureus(12), which accounted for 45.5% and 27.3% respectively. Remaining were Pseudomonas(11.4%), Klebsiella(11.4%), Proteus(2.3%)and Citrobacter sps.(2.3%). Tobramycin(100%) and Amikacin(97.73%) were found to be the most sensitive antibiotics followed by Chloramphenicol(93.18%), Imipenem(90.91%) and Ciprofloxacin(75%) respectively.Out of 20 E. coli isolates, no plasmid was seen in 7(35%) while 8(40%) showed single plasmid which was present in 8 isolates. Plasmid copy number of 2, 3 and 4 were displayed by 2(10%), 2(10%) and 1(5%) of the isolates respectively. A common (>21 kilobases) plasmid was the most common among isolates under study. This study revealed that E. coli was the most prevalent organism causing community acquired pediatric UTI. Antibiotics that are commonly used for the management of UTI and other cases are being more resistant i.e., Ampicillin. Plasmid analysis showed the presence of plasmids in resistant E. coli isolates that might harbor resistant genes. So that further analysis is required for the detection of responsible genes. Key words: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern, Plasmid profile, Urinary tract infection

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection in Nephrotic Syndrome in Pediatric Age Group: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Renal Disorder ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Abstract Background::Nephrotic syndrome, characterized by the presence of heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema and hyperlipidemia, is a common renal disorder in pediatric population. Aim of this study were to find out the prevalence of UTI in nephrotic syndrome, bacterial etiologies and antibiotic sensitivity pattern.Methods:After matching the criteria, 82 cases, were taken for this prospective, single center, observational study.The diagnosis was confirmed by bacterial culture.This is an institution based cross-sectional descriptive observational study. All newly diagnosed and relapse cases of nephrotic syndrome based on inclusion exclusion criteria was included in this study. Respondent was either of the parents or caregiver of the study subjects. Analysis of all data was done by appropriate statistical software(SPSS-23).Results:Among 82 participants evaluated with nephrotic syndrome 29.3% participants had Urinary Tract Infection ,majority66.7%were asymptomatic and 33.3% were symptomatic. Significant microscopic hematuria were found in 20.7% study subjects and significant pyuria were found in 58.54% study subjects. Majority of UTI caused by E.coli 33.3% followed by Klebsiella 25%,Proteus16.7%,Staphylococcus aureus 12.5% ,Citrobacter,Acenetobacter and mixed growth werefound in 4.2%each.Mean serum cholesterol of group with UTI was 422.13±34.65 and group without Urinary Tract Infection was307.43±26.13.The variation amongst the two groups were found to be significant (P=0.0001).Conclusions:The children with nephrotic syndrome are frequently predisposed to Urinary Tract Infection and in most cases it is asymptomatic, often undiagnosed. Higher serum cholesterol level may predispose the nephrotic child for Urinary Tract Infection.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection patients in north east part of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1614
Author(s):  
Guljar Hossain ◽  
Enayet Hossain ◽  
Ferdaus Ahammed ◽  
Mohammed R. Kabir ◽  
Gobinda Karmaker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
North East ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most important causes of bacterial infections across the globe. Increasing antibiotic resistance among urinary pathogens to commonly prescribed drugs has become a therapeutic challenge. Periodic evaluation of antimicrobial activity of different antibiotics is essential as the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity may vary over periods.Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Department of Medicine, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from January 2019 to June 2019 among 100 adult patients admitted Medicine indoor Department confirmed as UTI on the basis of symptoms, signs and compatible investigation, urine culture either positive or negative.Results: Out of the total 100 urine samples 60 samples were positive for pathogenic organisms. Escherichia coli was isolated in 41 (68.3%) of the positive samples, followed by Klebsiella sp 13 (21.6%), Pseudomonas sp 3 (5%) Proteus sp 2 (3.3%) staph. Aureus 1 (1.66%). E coli was found to be most sensitive to nitrofurantoin (92.5%), meropenem (92.5%), amikacin (84.6%) and gentamycin (71.8%) and resistant to most commonly used drugs like cefixime (78%), cefuroxime (77.5%), ciprofloxacin (62.5%), ceftriaxone (62.5%).Conclusions: Mainly gram-negative bacilli are found to be responsible for UTI and most frequent isolated bacteria was E-coli. The most sensitive antibiotics were nitrofurantoin, meropenem, and amikacin& gentamycin. Frequently usedantibiotic like cefixime, cefuroxime, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin & ceftriaxone were mostly resistant to E-coli.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection Specimens at a Specialist Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Md. Afzal Hossain ◽  
Shirin Mohal ◽  
Md. Saiful Islam ◽  
Mohammad Abdullah Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Susceptibility to fluoroquinolones is very important information before prescribing to the urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the sensitivity pattern of the Gram-Negative bacilli isolated from urinary tract infection to various antibiotics as well as to know the prevalence rate of Ciprofloxacin resistance. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in a specialized hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from January’2006 to June’2006 for over a period of six months. The Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were isolated from clinical specimens of UTIs and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Isolates with resistance or with a decreased susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin (20 mm) were than screened for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using the E-test. Results: Out of 510 GNB, 97(19%) isolates were resistant to Ciprofloxacin. The MIC of these isolates ranged from 4 to 32µg/ml. Most of the Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were from urinary tract infections (UTI) of hospital patients both (indoor & outdoor). The Ciprofloxacin resistance was also closely associated with multi-drug resistance, thus limiting the treatment options. Conclusion: The considerably high MIC values for Ciprofloxacin in this study reflected the extent of the treatment problems for these resistant isolates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v11i1.19395

scholarly journals Antibiotic Sensitivity of Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taslima Akter ◽  
Zakaria Mia ◽  
Masum Shahriar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Mueller Hinton ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Mueller Hinton Agar

Diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) causing pathogens with their sensitivity to different antibiotics was performed with a total of 96 samples from both male (n=31; 32.3%) and female (n=65; 67.7%) of different age groups. Out of 96 urine samples, 55 (57.3%) were found positive after culturing in MacConkey agar plates. The percent distribution of positive cases against collected samples was higher for female (67%) than male (32%). However, female and male at the reproductive age of 16-30 years were more susceptible to UTI. A total of 55 bacterial isolates were identified by conventional methods and their antibiotic sensitivity was tested using Mueller- Hinton agar plates. The predominant isolates were Escherichia coli (34.5%), Klebsiella sp. (18.2%) and Staphylococci (20.0%). The sensitivity pattern for most of the isolated organisms showed 50% and/or higher sensitivity to imipenem, azithromycin and cephalexin, except Staphylococci (only 9.09% to azithromycin). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v16i1.14491 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 16(1): 53-58, 2013

scholarly journals Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates from urine samples of admitted patients with urinary tract infection in a tertiary care teaching hospital of Tripura, India: a hospital record based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Uttam K. Das ◽  
Prithul Bhattacharjee ◽  
Shubhaleena Debnath ◽  
Maitrayee Chakraborty ◽  
Ranjib Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Hospital Record ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) being one of the most common and a serious health problem both in the community and hospital settings each year worldwide, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the management of UTI is a serious public health issue. The present study will analyse the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of pathogens isolated from the urine samples of admitted patients suffering from UTI in Tripura Medical College and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Memorial Teaching Hospital (TMC).Methods: This was a hospital record-based study. The urine samples of clinically diagnosed UTI patients admitted in various departments of the hospital during the study period were included. The reports of culture and sensitivity testing of the samples were collected. The results were interpreted according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: During the 12-month study period, a total of 752 urine samples were analysed. Enterococcus (43.75%) was the most frequently isolated bacteria, followed by E. coli (28.45%) and Klebsiella (14.89%). Enterococcus was highly sensitive (p<0.001) to vancomycin (95.33%), E. coli was mostly sensitive to nitrofurantoin (83.65%) and Klebsiella mainly sensitive to imipenem (75.49%).Conclusions: The study showed that positive urine culture with the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolates is very important for antimicrobial therapy, as antibiotic resistance is a worldwide problem which causes ineffectiveness of treatment.

scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infection, Incidence, Uropathogens and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Females

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Binod Kumar Mahaseth ◽  
Pramod Verma ◽  
Tark Malla
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Continuous Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Population

Introduction: Urinary tract infection in female population is one of the most common clinical infectious pathologies found worldwide due to anatomical location of urethral opening in relation to males. Continuous assessment of uropathogens and their sensitiveness to chemotherapeutic agent help us to manage these. The aim of this study to determine the presence of uropathpgens and their sensitkng from UTI. Method: It is a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at NGMC Teaching Hospital Kohalpur from July 2016 to June 2017. The urine samples were collected using the mid-stream clean catch method from 948 clinically suspected UTI female patients and the irantibiotic sensitiveness was determined using the standard procedures. Result: Overall culture positive was found in 262 patients (27.6%) among 948 urine samples. Among them e. coli contributed to cases 179(68.3%) followed by klebsiella 38(14.5%), enterobacter 21(8%), fungal 10(3.9%).Maximum no. of uropathogens were sensitive to chloramphenicol 224(93.4%) followed by nitrofurantin 232(88.7%), amikacin 246(94%), tobramycin 241(92.8%) and gentamycin 229(85.5%). Most of the organism were found to be resistant with ampicillin 255(97.5%) followed by cefpodoxime 242(92.4%), vancomycin 235(90%) and amoxicillin 234(89.6). Conclusion: and recommendation – Chloramphenicol, Nitrofurantin, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Tobramycinare the drugs of choice for the empirical therapytill the culture and sensitivity report is available. Continuous assessment is required for the early diagnosis and management of UTI.The culture and the sensitiveness of uropathogen are to be done and the treatment should be modified accordingly.

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern from Urinary Tract Infection in a Private Diagnostic Laboratory in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Md Habibur Rahman ◽  
Md Mushtaque Ahmed ◽  
Dayanidhi Sarkar ◽  
Md Asadur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infection encountered by clinicians and despite the widespread availability of antimicrobial agents, UTI has become difficult to treat because of appearance pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. The objectives of this study were to determine the pathogens causing UTI and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity status among these isolates in a diagnostic laboratory in Dhaka city. A laboratory based cross sectional survey was conducted in a diagnostic Centre in Dhaka Bangladesh from July 2016 to December 2016. A total of 553 urine samples were collected from each patients and processed in microbiology laboratory to isolate pathogens and antibiotic susceptibility test using standard procedure. Among 553 urine samples, 158 (28.57%) samples was found to be culture positive of which 39 (24.70%) were isolated from male patients and 119 (75.30%) from female patients. Escherichia coli (43.67%) were found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Staphylococcus spp. (16.45%), Enterococcus spp. (13.39%), Klebsiella spp. (13.29%), Candida spp. (5.70%), Acinetobacter spp. (4.43%), Pseudomonas spp. (3.80%) and Proteus spp. (1.27%). The carbapenem group antibiotics (imipenem and meropenem) was found to be resistant in 0 to 5.1% of the Gram negative isolates. On the Other hand, most of the Gram positive isolates showed sensitivity to linezolid and vancomycin. This study showed that E. coli isolates were the predominant pathogens and showed resistance to commonly prescribed drugs resulting in a very few options for drug to treat UTIs. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 37 Number 2 December 2020, pp 56-60

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