scholarly journals Breast Feeding Remains a Strong Protection against Infant Infections.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Shagufta Sohail ◽  
Kaneez Fatima ◽  
Noshina Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breast feeding prevents infections in infants. Those who are partially or never breast-fed and receiving bottle feeds are at higher risk of infections as compared to exclusive breast-fed infants. The objectives of this study were to record the effect of exclusive breast feeding versus partial and never breast feeding on infections in infants and also to find an association of infection with type of feed, gestation and vaccination status in infants till six months of age.Material and Methods: A total of 500 Infants were included in this cross-sectional study. Information regarding pattern of feeding and infections was obtained by verbal interview of mother and the questionnaire was filled by the study physician. The outcome evaluated was infections in infants till one year of age. Categorical comparisons were made using chi square test. A ‘p’ value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 500 infants, 59.4% were males. About 59.6% were exclusively breast-fed till 6 months of age, 31.2% were partially breast-fed and 9.2% were never breast-fed. In exclusively breast-fed group, 29.5% infants reported infections as compared to 40.4% in partial breast-fed group and 65.2% in never breast-fed infants (P < 0.000). Similarly, 40.6% of infants in exclusively breast-fed group, 55.1% in partial breast feed and 58.7% in the never breast-fed reported infections in 4-6 months of age, which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in infection rates among the three study groups in 7-9 (P=0.192) and 10 -12 months (P=0.42) of age.Conclusions: Exclusive breast feeding till six months of age significantly reduces the risk of infections in infancy.

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Pattern in Neonates on Breast Feed Versus Formula Feed

Med Phoenix ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Singh ◽  
Raj Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Prasad Shah ◽  
Equbal Ahmad ◽  
Akhtar Alam Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breast milk and colostrums are the first feeding sources for infant, providing nutrients, growth factors and immunological components. So we conducted this study to compare the growth pattern of neonates on breast feed versus formula feed.Methods: This study was done in the Department of Pediatrics, King Edward Medical University, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 2015 July to 2016 July as cross sectional study. The Non Probability purposive sampling technique was used. Information on type of feeding was obtained from mothers. Subsequently neonates were divided in two groups on the basis of type of feeding (i.e. breast feeding or formula feeding).Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 16.56±6.26 days and the mean gestational age of the patients was 8.52±0.97 months. The male to female ratio of the patients was 1.3:1. Statistically there was significant difference found between the weight gain in study groups at 10th, 14th week and 4th month follow up i.e. p-value<0.05.Conclusion: The prevalence of breastfeeding in infants in our study was 52.3%. Our results showed that the breast fed infants had better weight gain compared to formula fed infants; however there was no statistically significant difference in gain in length between breast fed and formula fed infants.Med Phoenix Vol.2(1) July 2017, 18-23

scholarly journals Trends in Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices and Factors Affecting Mothers in Suburbs of Lahore

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shehla Usman
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Chi Square Test

Introduction: Breast feeding has no match as a nutritional resource during the first six months for an infant, necessary for the health of both mother and infant. In past, Pakistan had worst breast feeding rates and despite efforts to promote breast feeding, situation is not satisfactory. Aims & Objectives: Our aim was to determine the frequency of mothers having exclusive breast feeding practices and finding various factors which may affect trends of exclusive breast feeding practices, in rural areas of Lahore. Place and duration of study: This study was done during May 2018 to October 2018 at Chaudhary Muhammad Akram Teaching Hospital. Material & Methods: In this cross sectional study, 254 mothers were interviewed directly and predesigned questionnaire was filled, through non probability consecutive sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Post stratification chi square test was applied. Results: Only 34.3 percent mothers were found to practice exclusive breast feed till 6 months of infant age, 93 percent mothers were of age<35 years, mean age 26.6 years and SD±4.9. Only 3.5% initiate breast feeding within an hour of birth. Chi square test revealed association between exclusive breast feed with insufficient breast milk, initiation time of breast feed and early cessation of breast feed (p<0.05). Conclusion: Declining rates of breast feeding creates an alarming situation and suggests to make more aggressive efforts for promotion of breast feeding the infants. Key words: breast feed, insufficient feed, prlecteal feed

scholarly journals EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
SOHAIL ASLAM ◽  
FAROOQ AKRAM ◽  
MEHBOOB SULTAN
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Primary Care Hospital ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Breast Fed

Objective To study the duration and factors influencing exclusive breast feeding practice. Design: A cross sectional descriptive study Setting: A primary care hospital Gilgit, northern area of Pakistan. Period: Ten months from March 2007 to December 2007. Material & Method This study include 125 mothers with mean age of 24.3 years (SD 4.8),37% were illiterate while only 14% were matriculate or above among 125 babies (male 61%: female 39%). Results Out of total 125, eighty one (64.8%) babies were exclusively breast fed (EBF) for first six months of life and only five(4%) infants were not given breast milk at all . among 76 male infants ,52 (68.4%) were EBF for six months in comparison to 29 female (59.2%) out of 49. among 36 first born infants only 15 (41.7%) were EBF for six months in comparison to 66 (74.2%)out of 89 not first born(p<0.05). Conclusion: Exclusive breast feeding for complete 6 months is still not routinely practised by most of mothers and first born are deprived of this right in majority lower socioeconomic group and illiterate mothers are more likelyto breast feed, gender bias was also observed as a significantly high percentage of male babies were observed to be breast fed as compared to females. More efforts are required by health depart. And NGO’s to promote good breast feeding practices in our setup. 

scholarly journals Association between exclusively breast fed infant and picky eating behavior in children below five years old: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Ernestine Vivi Sadeli
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Picky Eating ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Picky eating behaviors are prevalent during childhood and often linked to nutritional problems. Environmental factors play a role in taste and eating preferences, such as genetics, learning experiences, and culture including exclusive breast fed for six months. Nutritional problems deserve special attention for its long term consequences such as malnutrition, stunting, infection, social and cognitive impairment. In Indonesia, 50-60% parents have problems with picky eating behavior with their children.1 Objective: To investigate association between exclusively breast fed infant and picky eating behavior. Method: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was performed in 208 children at age below 5th years old in Serang. To assess picky eating behavior, the writer use Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire especially for food fussiness section (CEBQ-FF). Based on WHO recommendation, breast fed infant is infants that receive only breast milk for 6 months as an optimal way of feeding infants. Statistical analysis using chi square with p value < 0.05 considered being significant and odds ratio > 1 considered have causal effect. Result: Among 208 children, there are 123 children (59%) that have picky eating behavior and 43 children of them are exclusively breast fed. There is a relationship between exclusively breast fed infant and picky eating behavior (p=0.037). Exclusively breast fed is protective to picky eating behavior in children below 5th years old (OR= 0.43; CI 95%=0.51-0.6).Exclusive breast fed                  Picky eatersp valueOR (95% CI)Yes       NoYes43470.037 0.43 (0.51-0.6)No8038                                                                                                       Conclusion: From this study, there are 59% children that have picky eating behavior. Exclusively breast fed for six months is protective to picky eating behavior in children below 5th years old, which corresponds well with WHO recommendations.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mousavi ◽  
Parisa Shojaei ◽  
Azadeh Nazemi ◽  
Atefe Dadashi
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

scholarly journals The Relative Frequency of Bacterial Colonization on the Surfaces of Toys in Kindergartens of Yazd

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Zarei Mahmodabadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Shiranian ◽  
Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddan ◽  
Mohamad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
Farimah Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yazd City

Introduction: Kindergartens are the first social environments where children are directly exposed to possible contaminations from other children. Factors such as having uncontrolled urination, putting hand, toys, and different objects into the mouth, and sharing objects with other children facilitate the spread of bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of bacterial contamination of toys in kindergartens of Yazd city, Iran. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 324 samples of toys made of either cloth, wood, or plastic were collected from kindergartens at three regions of Yazd, Iran. The swab samples obtained from toys' surface were cultured directly on the bacteriologic culture media blood agar and eosin methylene blue. Specific culture medium with biochemical tests and diagnostic disks were used to determine the genus and species of bacteria. Chi-square test was run for statistical analysis of data. The  p value of < 0.05 was considered as the level of significant difference. Results: The most common bacterial colonization of toys found in the kindergartens was Staphylococcus epidermidis (48.3%). Toys made from cloth (with 3914 CFU/cm2) and the municipality region 3 (with 4645 CFU/cm2) showed the highest amount of contamination among the toy materials and different regions, respectively. Conclusion: Assessment of common contaminations in kindergartens may help the authorities to determine the possible causes of pediatric infections and provide them with a more comprehensive knowledge about the personal as well as environmental hygiene. So, by identification of these contaminations, we can modify the underlying factors, reduce the pollutions, and improve the health of children.

scholarly journals Common problems Encountered during Lactation and their Management in a Lactation Management Center

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Sabiha Shimul ◽  
Sameena Chowdhury ◽  
Mahe Jabeen ◽  
Ummay Salma ◽  
Mahbuba Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Inverted Nipple ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
Feeding Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Breast Fed

Background: Breastfeeding is widely known to be beneficial for infants and the mothersand also economically advantageous for the community. Objective: The principal purpose of this study was to explore the common problemsencountered during lactation and their management in a lactation management center. Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at lactation management center of Instituteof Child and Maternal Health (ICMH), Dhaka. A total of 100 lactating mothers were recruitedconsecutively during the period of August 2008 to October 2008. Data was collected byhistory taking and required examination. Result: In this study, 46.0% mothers complained of poor milk secretion, 13.0% had breastengorgement, 9.0% had cracked nipple, 3.0% had inverted nipple, 2.0% had nipple infection,2.0% had flat nipple, 1.0% had sore nipple, 1.0% had breast abscess and in 23% casesthere was no reasonable cause. During interview twenty seven percent of the mothers wereadvised to start nursing as soon as possible; 45.0% mothers breast fed on demand, 75.0%mothers demonstrated proper breast feeding technique, 36.0% mothers avoided use ofartificial milk, 10.0% mothers applied last part of milk on nipple, then dry by exposing to air,12.0% mothers manually express milk from the areola before breast feed if it is engorgedand 1.0% advised to slip the index or little finger into the infant’s mouth between his/hergums before the infant is taken off of the breast, to break suction. Conclusion: Almost half of the mothers complained of less milk production. Apart from this13.0% mothers had breast engorgement, 9.0% mothers had cracked nipple and no reasonablecause for lactation problem was found in 23.0% cases. More than half of the mothers hadincorrect knowledge and skill of breast feeding. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 36-39

scholarly journals The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badar Kanwar ◽  
Asif Khattak ◽  
Chul Joong Lee ◽  
Jenny Balentine ◽  
R. E. Kast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Clinicians in critical care medicine considered dapsone administration to treat SARS-CoV-2 inflammasome. Dapsone is useful in the molecular regulation of Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). Objective To study the targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by dapsone must be responsible for its observed preventive effects, functioning as a competitor. Methods This is case series with or without intervention; a cross-sectional study. We set out to use objective criteria of improvement, such as A. a reduction in the FIO2 requirement and B. a decrease in the progression of hypoxia. We treated the patients with standard COVID-19 ARDS treatment with dapsone 100 mg to target NLRP3 inflammasomes. Results The 22 cases were treated with standard COVID-19 therapy with dapsone (trial group), and the 22 cases were the control group. The comparison was made assuming that only decreased FIO2 was influential in the trial and control groups, which applied to only the ARDS onset stage. The chi-square statistic is 5.1836. The p-value is .02280. Fisher’s exact test statistic value is 0.0433. (The result is significant at p < .05) Furthermore, the ARDS-onset mortality rates were 0% (with dapsone) and 40% (without dapsone). Conclusion There was a significant difference in dapsone treatment results in the ARDS-onset group. We confirmed that dapsone clinically treated the onset of ARDS by targeting SARS-CoV-2-activated inflammasomes. Like chemically reacting substances, inflammasome and dapsone are competing, proving that it is only effective in treating early ARDS.

scholarly journals Child rearing practices in a rural community in Manipur: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3246
Author(s):  
Haobam Danny Singh ◽  
Avinash Keisam ◽  
Bishwalata Rajkumari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding

Background: The child rearing practices differ in communities, depending on their social customs, traditional beliefs and prejudices. Understanding these practices is important for the successful delivery of health messages and services. The present study was conducted in a rural setting to determine the child rearing practices as well as to determine its association with relevant socio-demographic factors.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 369 mothers residing in Kshetrigao area under Kshetrigao Urban Health Centre, Porompat, Imphal East. A pre-tested interview schedule developed by the investigator was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics like mean, percentage and proportion as well as chi-square and t-test were used for data analysis.Results: Majority (79%) of the mothers breast-fed their newborn within 6 hours after birth. Almost half (46%) of the mothers gave pre-lacteal feeds to their newborn. Majority of the mothers (57%) did not practice exclusive breastfeeding. About 90% of the children were completely immunized for age. Mothers who got married before the age of 20 years, being Muslim and who had caesarean section were significantly less likely to practice exclusive breast feeding (p value of 0.025, 0.012 and 0.000 respectively). Children whose mother belongs to Muslim religion, lower educational status, lower family income and who delivered at home were significantly less likely to be completely immunized (p value of 0.001, 0.003, 0.014 and 0.003 respectively).Conclusions: Giving pre-lacteal feed and not practicing exclusive breast-feeding were very common among the studied population.  

scholarly journals Practices, Attitude & Perceived Barriers of Dental Students in Substance Use Screening & Interventions in Dental Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Shree Goyal ◽  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Ipseeta Menon ◽  
Dipshikha Das ◽  
Lavanya Rohatgi
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
North India ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Context: Tobacco, the leading preventable cause of death including alcohol and illicit drug abuse, cause morbidity and mortality. Dentists deal with such patients & can/ should intervene, preventing any deleterious habits with apt knowledge and training. Aims: The study assesses the knowledge, attitude and practices amongst dental students to manage patients with tobacco, alcohol and substance abuse in a clinical set up. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire (self-administered 22 items) survey was conducted among 300 dental students (Undergraduates, Interns, Postgraduates) in a dental college, North India to assess their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding substance abuse- tobacco, alcohol and other illicit drugs. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 and subjected to Chi-square test to determine the significant difference between the dental study groups (p≤ 0.05) Results: There were 37.1% males and 62.9% of females. Final years (33.8%), interns (29.8%) and Post graduates (36.5%) completed the questionnaire. 85.5% Postgraduates, 74.3% final years and 71.9% interns knew where to refer the patients of substance abuse which was statistically significant (p≤ 0.05).A majority (91.1%) of interns prescribe or provide tobacco cessation, followed by 87.1% final years and 78.2% post graduates that were significant values. Conclusions: Although there’s huge awareness on the management of patients with substance abuse habits, only a few practice it on patients correctly. Lack of training and its application due to many barriers have been discussed in detail pointing out the disparity in the number of patients with habit history being screened and to those being managed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document