scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN KADAR KOLESTEROL HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN DARAH PADA WANITA OBES DAN NON OBES

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanif B. S. Gani

Abstract: In general, obesity is associated with a decrease of blood HDL-cholesterol level and an increase of serum triglyceride level. In obese people, the  triglyceride is deposited in the subcutaneous layer of the skin. This triglyceride plays an important role in the formation of VLDL and LDL-cholesterol in the liver which will be released into the blood. This was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were 22 obese female students and 22 non-obese female students of Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado aged 18-22 years. The results showed that the mean HDL-cholesterol levels in obese females was 57.64 mg/dL, meanwhile of the non-obese females was 61.77 mg/dL. Albeit, the statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the HDL-cholesterol levels of obese and non-obese females (P-value 0.974). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the HDL-cholesterol levels of obese females and non obese females. Keywords: HDL-cholesterol levels, females, obese, non obese     Abstrak: Obesitas berhubungan dengan penurunan kadar kolesterol HDL darah dan peningkatan kadar serum trigliserida.3 Pada individu obes, trigliserida disimpan pada jaringan subkutan. Trigliserida itu merupakan bahan utama pembentukan VLDL dan LDL di hati yang akan dilepaskan ke dalam darah. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan menggunakan cross-sectional design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 22 mahasiswi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi yang obes dan 22 mahasiswi yang non-obes. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa rerata kadar kolesterol HDL pada sampel yang obes 57,64 mg/dL dan pada yang non-obes 61,77 mg/dL. Uji statistik memperlihatkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar kolesterol HDL darah pada wanita yang obes dan yang non-obes (P = 0,974). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar kolesterol HDL darah pada wanita obes dan wanita non-obes. Kata kunci: kadar kolestrol HDL, wanita, obes, non-obes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (Volume 1 No 1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Iis Inayati Rakhmat ◽  
Hadi Jusuf ◽  
Sinta Rachmanita

Metabolic syndrome is a health problem that often occurs among populations in Indonesia. Data on the characteristics of patients with metabolic syndrome is still very limited, despite the importance of cardiovascular disease prevention. The study aims to explain the prevalence and characteristics of patients with metabolic syndrome in Indonesia. The research methodology used descriptive research using a cross-sectional design. The number of respondents was seven men and 34 women, counted by consecutive sampling. The data was collected from the SQ-FFQ questionnaire and calculating the DQI-I score, analyzing physical activity through the GPAQ questionnaire converted into METs, measuring blood pressure, taking blood, measuring waist circumference, measuring fasting blood sugar. Through enzymatic tests, Serum triglyceride levels through the enzymatic colorimetric GPO-PAP test and HDL cholesterol levels were measured by the CHODPAP method. The results showed that the prevalence of SM was 20.45%, and the majority were women. The largest age group were the elderly. Most cases of metabolic syndrome have three components, with the largest components being central obesity (100%) and blood pressure (88.89%). Most categories of activity were moderate, and diet quality was low. All metabolic syndrome patients in this study were found not to smoke and not to consume alcohol. Based on these results, it can be concluded that SM incidence was high. Further research is needed regarding the relationship between acquired risk factors and metabolic syndrome.


1970 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
L Afrin ◽  
R Sultana ◽  
S Ferdousi ◽  
A Ahmed ◽  
MR Amin

Objectives: A cross sectional comparative study was performed to evaluate the changes of the serum lipid profile in apparently healthy adolescent male non smokers and smokers’ subjects. Method: This study was carried out in the department of Physiology of Dhaka Medical College from January to December 2005. For this purpose, total 80 subjects with age range 12-19 years were selected, of whom 20 were non smokers (control) and 60 were smokers (experimental) who smoked for at least one year. Again smokers were grouped according to the number of cigarettes smoked per week, ( mild < 19, moderate 20-59, heavy >60). Fasting serum Triglyceride and total Cholesterol levels of all subjects were measured. Data were compared between smokers and non smokers and between non smoker and mild moderate and heavy smokers and analyzed statistically by unpaired t test. Result: Mean ±SD Triglyceride levels were136.80mg/dl ± 42.18 vs. 153.12mg/dl ± 26.66 and Mean ±SD Total Cholesterol levels were 165.20mg/dl ± 15.13 vs165.36mg/dl ± 10.12 in non smokers and smokers respectively. there were no significant changes in the mean serum total cholesterol levels in adolescent smokers but the mean serum triglyceride level in smokers were significantly higher (p<0.01 )than that of non smokers. hyper Triglyceridemia (TG level> 150mg/dl) were observed in 56% of smoker subjects whereas 36% in non smokers. The dose response effect of smoking was observed in serum triglyceride levels of smoker subgroups. Mean ±SD TG levels in mild, moderate, heavy groups were 148.15mg/dl± 21.32,152.8mg/dl± 29.49,154.12mg/dl± 23.75 respectively. Conclusion: From the result of the present study it may be concluded that, cigarette smoking during adolescent period induces alteration in serum lipid levels in the direction of increased risk for coronary artery disease. J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2006 Dec;(1):14-18


Author(s):  
Chandrashekar V. Kubihal ◽  
Hemalatha D. Naik

Background: Several studies have reported elevated blood cholesterol levels among persons who regularly smoke cigarettes and lowered blood cholesterol levels among persons quitting smoking. Other studies have also shown that smoking lowers high density lipoprotein level, resulting in an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Smoking also leads to increase in LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The objective was to study serum lipid profile in smokers and non-smokers.Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was carried in 100 subjects. The subjects were divided into two groups. First group consisted of 25 nonsmokers and second group of 75 smokers. The group of 75 smokers was again divided into three equal sub groups of 25 each depending upon the duration and intensity of smoking. Concentration of serum total cholesterol and HDL was determined by Zak’s method. Concentration of serum LDL and VLDL cholesterol was determined by Friedwald’s formula. Concentration of serum triglyceride level was determined by enzymatic end point peroxidase coupled method.Results: All the values of lipid profile i.e., total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL were found to be significantly higher among the smokers compared to the non-smokers. HDL value was significantly lower among smokers. As the degree of smoking increased from mild to heavy smokers, the values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL increased. The degree of smoking was inversely proportional to HDL values i.e., the HDL value decreased as the smoking degree increased.Conclusions: Thus, it can be said based on the present study that smoking affects and deranges the lipid profile of the person.


Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah ◽  
Suhariyadi ◽  
Andreas Putro Ragil Santoso

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is a progressive and irreversible decrease in kidney function. One risk factor that affects the progression of CRF is dyslipidemia due to abnormalities of lipid metabolisms. Dyslipidemia is characterized by the increase level of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and a decrease in HDL cholesterol level. eGFR is a parameter for assessing the excretion function, by calculating the amount of filtrate produced by the renal glomerulus. This study aims to determine the relationship between serum triglyceride levels with eGFR in patient suffering from CRF at Jemursari Islamic Hospital Surabaya. This type of research is descriptive experimental with cross–sectional design. The study population was the patients with CRF. The primary data in this study was the results of examination of serum triglyceride levels in patients with CRF. The secondary data (serum creatinine levels, body weight, age, and sex) was obtained from medical records of CRF patients in February 2019. As much as 12% of patients were in the 40–50 years old category, 36% of patients were 51–60 years old, 44% of patients were 61–70 years old, and 8% of patients were 71–80 years old. 72% of patients were male. The mean triglyceride level was 146.68 mg/dL and the average eGFR was 19.86 mL/min/1.73m2. The relationships between triglyceride levels and eGFR was carried out by the Spearman–rho test where r value was –0.442 and value was 0.027. It was concluded that there was a significant negative correlation between serum triglyceride levels and eGFR in patients with CRF.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hizkia Rumampuk ◽  
Diana V.D. Doda ◽  
Hedison Polii

Abstract: To date, obesity incidence is increasing globally in developing and developed countries. Increased prevalence of obesity suggests that there is an increased risk of obesity-related illnesses. Metabolic and lipid transport disorders can lead to hypercholesterolemia. This can happen especially among people with less physical activity, such as teacher. This study was aimed to assess the comparison of cholesterol levels in obese and non-obese teachers. This was an analytical descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Respondents were 35 teachers at SMP Negeri I and II (junior high school) Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara consisting of 26 females and 9 males. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and fasting cholesterol levels were checked from peripheral blood using autocheck tool. The results showed that there were 16 (45.7%) non-obese respondents and 19 (54.3%) obese respondents. Of the 35 respondents, 24 (68.6%) had normal cholesterol levels and 11 (31.4%) had hypercholesterolemia. The bivariate analysis using Mann Whitney test revealed that there was no significant difference in cholesterol levels between obese and non-obese teachers (P = 0.537). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in cholesterol levels between obese and non-obese teachers at SMP Negeri I and II Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.Keywords: cholesterol level, BMl, teachers Abstrak: Insiden obesitas dilaporkan tetap mengalami peningkatan secara global, baik di negara berkembang maupun negara maju. Peningkatan prevalensi obesitas ini memberikan informasi bahwa terdapat peningkatan risiko penyakit yang terkait obesitas. Gangguan metabolism dan transportasi lipid bisa mengakibatkan hiperkolesterolemia. Hal ini bisa terjadi pada orang yang kurang aktif secara fisik, antara lain guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kadar kolesterol guru yang obes dan tidak obes. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Responden ialah 35 orang guru di SMP Negeri I dan II Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, terdiri dari 26 perempuan dan 9 laki-laki. Indeks masa tubuh (IMT) dihitung dan kadar kolesterol puasa diperiksa dari darah perifer menggunakan alat autocheck. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Mann Whitney dengan nilai signifikan P ≤ 0,05. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan 16 (45,7%) responden non-obes dan 19 (54,3%) responden obes. Kadar kolesterol normal pada 24 (68,6%) responden dan hiper-kolesterolemia pada 11 (31,4%) responden. Anilisis bivariat menggunakan uji Mann Whitney menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kadar kolesterol antara guru obes dan non-obes (P=0,537). Simpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kadar kolesterol antara guru obes dan non-obes di SMP Negeri I dan II Kauditan Kabupaten Minahasa Utara.Kata kunci: kadar kolesterol, IMT, guru


Author(s):  
Martiem Mawi ◽  
Fransisca Chondro ◽  
Juni Chudri

Background<br />Atherosclerosis, the underlying cause of heart attack, stroke and peripheral disease, is a main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia are independent factors in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The atherosclerotic index (AI) is a strong indicator of cardiovascular heart disease. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lipid serum level and AI in subjects 50-70 years of age. <br /><br />Methods <br />A study of cross-sectional design was conducted among male and female subjects 50-70 years of age. The inclusion criteria were: healthy, and capable of active communication. The exclusion criteria were: subjects not completing the study, currently consuming antihyperlipidemic drugs. Lipid profile comprising total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and malondialdehyde (MDA), was analyzed using commercial kits. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was measured in all subjects. Atherogenic index was calculated from (total cholesterol – HDL cholesterol) / HDL cholesterol. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data.<br /><br />Results <br />Mean age of the subjects was 60.6 ± 3.30 years and there was a significant relationship of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides with AI (b=0.009; p=0.000 and b=0.008; p=0.000, respectively). Triglyceride level was the most influencing factor for AI (b=0.008; Beta=0.616; p=0.000)<br /><br />Conclusions<br />Higher triglyceride levels increase AI in subjects 50-70 years of age. Subjects with high serum triglyceride level but without symptoms of cardiovascular disease should be examined for the development of coronary artery blockage.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva O. Melin ◽  
Jonatan Dereke ◽  
Magnus Hillman

Abstract Background Low levels of the soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and depression are linked to cardiovascular disease. Galectin-3, inadequate glycemic control and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels were previously linked to depression in these patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The main aim was to explore whether sTWEAK was associated with depression. A secondary aim was to explore diabetes related variables associated with low sTWEAK. Methods Cross-sectional design. T1DM patients (n = 283, men 56%, age18–59 years) were consecutively recruited from one specialist diabetes clinic. Depression was defined as Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression sub scale ≥8 points. Blood samples, anthropometrics and blood pressure were collected, supplemented with data from electronic health records. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure sTWEAK and galectin-3. Low sTWEAK was defined as < 7.2 ng/ml and high galectin-3 as ≥2.6 ng/ml. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, calibrated and validated for goodness of fit. We adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, galectin-3, metabolic variables, serum-creatinine, smoking, physical inactivity, medication, and cardiovascular complications. Results For 29 depressed versus 254 non-depressed patients the prevalence rates were for low sTWEAK: 93 and 68% (p = 0.003) and for high galectin-3: 34 and 13% (p = 0.005) respectively. HDL-cholesterol levels were lower for the depressed (p = 0.015). Patients with low sTWEAK versus high sTWEAK had lower usage of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (6% versus 17%, p = 0.005). Low sTWEAK (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 9.0, p = 0.006), high galectin-3 (AOR 6.3, p = 0.001), HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l) (AOR 0.1, p = 0.006), use of antidepressants (AOR 8.4, p < 0.001), and age (per year) (AOR 1.05, p = 0.027) were associated with depression. CSII (AOR 0.3, p = 0.003) and depression (AOR 7.1, p = 0.009) were associated with low sTWEAK. Conclusions Lower levels of sTWEAK and HDL-cholesterol and higher levels of galectin-3 were independently associated with depression in T1DM. These factors might all contribute to the increased risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality previously demonstrated in patients with depression. CSII (inversely) and depression were independently associated with low sTWEAK levels.


2008 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayumi TOKUNAGA ◽  
Atsuko MIURA ◽  
Yukiyoshi OKAUCHI ◽  
Katsumori SEGAWA ◽  
Atsunori FUKUHARA ◽  
...  

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne C. Jacobus ◽  
Max F.J Mantik ◽  
Adrian . Umboh

Abstract: Haemoglobin is the main component of red blood cells that serves as a transporter of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood. The normal range of haemoglobin values can be used to determine the degree of anemia according to age and gender. Geographical condition such as altitude influences the haemoglobin value. This study aimed to obtain the difference of haemoglobin levels between teenagers with good nutrition status who live at the highland and those at the seaside. This was an observational analytical study with a cross sectional design. Samples were students with good nutrition status of SMPN 3 Tomohon (living at the highland) and those of SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting (living at the seaside). There were 60 students who met the inclusion criteria as follows: adolescent, good nutrition status, healthy, aged 13-15 years, lived at the highland or at the seaside ≥ 6 month, and willing to be performed blood examinations, and had been approved by their parents. The Mann-Whitney test for the difference between haemoglobin levels of the two groups showed a p value < 0,001. Conclusion: There was a very significant difference between haemoglobin levels of good nutrition teenagers who lived at the highland and at the seaside. Keywords: haemoglobin levels, good nutrition, teenagers, highland, seaside  Abstrak: Hemoglobin merupakan komponen utama sel darah merah dan berfungsi sebagai transporter oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam darah. Batas normal nilai hemoglobin dapat digunakan untuk menetapkan derajat anemia, dengan distribusi usia dan jenis kelamin spesifik didasarkan pada sampel referensi sehat. Kondisi geografis, seperti ketinggian tempat dari permukaan laut menjadi faktor pertimbangan dalam distribusi nilai normal hemoglobin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan yang tinggal di tepi pantai. Jenis penelitian ini analitik-observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian yaitu remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan yaitu siswa SMPN 3 Tomohon dan yang di tepi pantai yaitu siswa SMP Kristen Nazaret Tuminting. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 60 remaja yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu gizi baik, sehat, berumur 13-15 tahun, berdomisili di pegunungan atau tepi pantai ≥6 bulan, bersedia dilakukan pemeriksaan darah, dan telah disetujui oleh orang tua. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney mengenai perbedaan kadar hemoglobin antara kedua kelompok menunjukkan nila p <0,001. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna kadar hemoglobin remaja gizi baik yang tinggal di pegunungan dengan di tepi pantai.Kata kunci: kadar hemoglobin, remaja gizi baik, pegunungan, tepi pantai


Author(s):  
Meily Manoppo ◽  
Hermie MM Tendean ◽  
Joice MM Sondakh

Objective: To compare the level of high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) on patients with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) at term pregnancy. Methods: The study was cross-sectional design. The data collection included age, parity, gestational age, birth weight, and APGAR score on 28 pregnant women at term pregnancy consisting of 14 subjects of Premature Rupture of Membrane (PROM) less than 12 hours and the remaining one was equal or more than 12 hours. We took blood samples from the subjects for the examination of hs-CRP level. Data were analyzed using non-parametric statistical test and processed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The mean hs-CRP level on PROM <12-hour and 12-hour group was 12.9 and 17.8 mg/l. There was not significant difference on hs-CRP level between both of group at term pregnancy (p=0.734). Conclusion: The level of hs-CRP does not have association with the incidence of PROM. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-1: 12-15] Keywords: high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, premature ruptures of membranes, term pregnancy


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