IDENTIFIKASI TELUR NEMATODA PADA FESES TERNAK BABI DI DESA KALASEY SATU KECAMATAN MANDOLANG KABUPATEN MINAHASA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

IDENTIFICATIOS OF NEMATODE EGGS IN PIG’S FAECES IN KALASEY SATU MANDOLANG, DISTRICT OF MINAHASA OF SULAWESI UTARA PROVINCE. This study aims to determine and identify parasitic nematode worms through examination of worm eggs in pig feces. The number of worm eggs indicates the level of parasitic attack. Therefore, this study uses samples of pig manure collected from pigs in the Kalasey Satu Village, Mandolang District, Minahasa Regency. Samples will be tested using the floating method to see worm eggs. Worm egg identification was carried out in the laboratory of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry UNSRAT and analyzed descriptively and the number of worm eggs was calculated to see the level of attack on pigs. The results of this study found that from 23 pigs that had taken their faecal samples, 8 faecal samples were identified as being infected with Ascaris sp. and 1 of them was infested with Oesophagustomum sp. Three faecal samples from 3 month old pigs infected by Ascaris sp 2 samples containing Ascaris sp. and 1 sample containing Oesophagustomum sp.); 5 fecal samples of sows containing Ascaris sp. The conclusion of this study, that pigs that are in the area of Kalasey Satu Village have been infected by Ascaris sp. and Oesophagustomum sp. with a preavalence of 30,4% and 4,3%. Livestock conditions, feeding patterns and the environment around the cage are verry supportive of the growth and propagation of the intermediate host of endoparasites. Keywords: Egg, nematode, feces, pig

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Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

Revista Agraria Academica ◽

10.32406/v3n52020/100-107/agrariacad ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 100-107

Author(s):

Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽

◽

Julia Ronzani Vial ◽

Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽

Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Breeding Site ◽

Chi Square ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

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Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

Revista Agraria Academica ◽

10.32406/v3n5/2020/100-107/agrariacad ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 100-107

Author(s):

Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽

◽

Julia Ronzani Vial ◽

Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽

Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Breeding Site ◽

Chi Square ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Breeding Sites ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Commercial Breeding

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A novel report of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 gene from animal and human feacal samples in Nigeria

Pan African Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.36108/pajols/8102/10(0120) ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olugbenga A. Olowe ◽

Rita A. Olowe ◽

Adeolu S. Oluremi ◽

Olusolabomi J. Adefioye

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Colistin Resistance ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

E Coli ◽

Multiple Drug Resistant ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Faecal Samples

Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resistance. Reports of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPE) have attracted substantial attention. However, in Nigeria, there is no report of mcr-1 gene resistance. Since colistin is a last resort for multiple drug-resistant isolates, this study therefore report the prevalence of mcr-1 gene among E. coli isolated from human and animal sources. Methods: Out of a total of 280 samples collected from animal and hum an faecal samples from selected farms in Oyo and Osun States, Southwestern Nigeria between July 2015 and June 2016, 60 E. coli were identified using standard microbiological methods. The mcr-1 gene was detected in the isolates by conventional PCR assay. Results: The m cr-1 gene was low and not statistically significant (p≥0.05). It was detected in 5 (8.3%) of 60 E. coli isolates (4= animals; 1= human) Conclusion: This study is the first report of mcr -1 gene from E. coli from human and animal sources in Nigeria. This calls for urgent caution in the use of colistin in animal husbandry.

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The effects of dung beetle activity on the numbers of parasitic gastrointestinal helminth larvae recovered from pasture samples

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9730161 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 161 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

RP Bryan

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Dung Beetle ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Percentage Reduction ◽

Faecal Material ◽

Gastrointestinal Helminth ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Cattle Faeces ◽

Onthophagus Gazella

Studies have been made of the effect of the dung beetle, Onthophagus gazella, on the release of strongyle larvae from cattle faeces onto pasture. A series of faecal pats containing parasitic nematode eggs was placed on pasture, and beetles were added to some pats to give three levels of beetle activity, viz. 100 g, 200-250 g, and 500 g of faeces per pair of beetles. These pats were duplicated on irrigated and non-irrigated pasture. In both cases the numbers of strongyle larvae migrating from pats attacked by dung beetles were significantly less than those migrating from control pats containing no dung beetles. Compared with larval recoveries from control pats, the percentage reduction in numbers of larvae migrating from pats on irrigated pasture was 50% for pats of 100 g faeces per pair of beetles, 48 % for pats of 200-250 g faeces per pair, and 84% for pats of 500 g of faeces per pair. The respective figures for pats on nonirrigated pasture were 76, 86, and 93 % reduction in larval numbers. The results indicated that strongyle larvae migrated from faecal material buried by dung beetles, provided soil moisture was adequate. More larvae were recovered from the pasture surrounding irrigated faecal pats attacked by beetles than from the non-irrigated pats. During warm dry weather, surface faecal debris remaining after beetlc attack appeared to be helminthologically sterile.

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In Vitro Anthelmintic Activity of Saponins Derived from Medicago spp. Plants against Donkey Gastrointestinal Nematodes

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci6020035 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 35 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Michela Maestrini ◽

Aldo Tava ◽

Simone Mancini ◽

Federica Salari ◽

Stefania Perrucci

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Egg Hatching ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Reference Drug ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Nematode Eggs

With the aim to find new effective natural compounds for the control of nematodes, the in vitro anthelminthic properties of purified 1% saponins showing different chemical compositions and derived from Medicago sativa (MS), Medicago arborea (MA), Medicago polymorpha cultivar ‘Santiago’ (MPS), M. polymorpha cultivar ‘Anglona’ (MPA), and 1% prosapogenins from M. sativa (MSp), were evaluated and compared. As a source of nematode eggs, pooled fresh fecal samples taken from dairy donkeys naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes were used. From fecal samples, eggs were recovered, suspended in deionized water, and used immediately in the bioassay (egg hatch test). The activity of the tested compounds was compared to positive (0.1% thiabendazole) and negative (deionized water and 1% DMSO) controls. All experiments were repeated in triplicate and the obtained data were statistically analyzed. All the tested plant compounds caused a significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of nematode egg hatching (>80%). Moreover, all saponins and prosapogenins showed in vitro anthelmintic properties statistically comparable to that of the reference drug (p < 0.05), except for MPS extract. Obtained results showed that the different Medicago saponins evaluated in this study possess high anthelmintic properties against gastrointestinal nematodes of dairy donkeys, although to a different extent depending on their composition.

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Epidemiological studies of Fasciola gigantica infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v73i1.168 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D.M. Pfukenyi ◽

Pfukenyi Mukaratirwa ◽

A.L. Willingham ◽

J. Monrad

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Plant Species ◽

Aquatic Vegetation ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Snail Species ◽

Snail Population ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Host Snail ◽

Faecal Samples

During the period between January 1999 and December 2000, the distribution and seasonal patterns of Fasciola gigantica infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe were determined through monthly coprological examination. Cattle faecal samples were collected from 12 and nine dipping sites in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas respectively. Patterns of distribution and seasonal fluctuations of the intermediate host-snail populations and the climatic factors influencing the distribution were also determined by sampling at monthly intervals for a period of 24 months (November 1998 to October 2000) in six dams and six streams in the highveld and in nine dams in the lowveld communal grazing areas. Each site was sampled for relative snail density and the vegetation cover and type, physical and chemical properties of water, and mean monthly rainfall and temperature were recorded. Aquatic vegetation and grass samples 0-1 m from the edges of the snail habitats were collected monthly to determine the presence or absence of F. gigantica metacercariae. Snails collected at the same time were individually checked for the emergence of larval stages of F. gigantica. A total of 16 264 (calves 5 418; weaners 5 461 and adults 5 385) faecal samples were collected during the entire period of the study and 2 500 (15.4 %) of the samples were positive for F. gigantica eggs. Significantly higher prevalences were found in the highveld compared to the lowveld (P < 0.001), for adult cattle than calves ( P < 0.01) and in the wet season over the dry season (P < 0.01). Faecal egg output peaked from August / September to March / April for both years of the study. Lymnaea natalensis, the snail intermediate host of F. gigantica was recorded from the study sites with the highveld having a significantly higher abundance of the snail species than the lowveld (P < 0.01). The snail population was low between December and March and started to increase in April reaching a peak in September / October. The number of juvenile snails peaked between April and August. The mean number of snails collected was negatively correlated with rainfall and positively correlated with temperature. Mean number of snails collected was also positively correlated with Potamogeton plant species and negatively correlated with Cyperus plant species. However, none of the L. natalensis collected from the habitats were found shedding Fasciola cercariae. Metacercariae were found on herbage from the fringes of the snail habitats between February and August for both years, with most of the metacercariae concentrated on herbage 0-1 m from the banks of the habitats. Based on the findings of this study, anthelmintic treatment should be administered in December / January to control chronic and mature fasciolosis. A second treatment should be given in April / May to reduce pasture contamination and subsequently snail infection, as this is the time the snail population starts to build up. To control acute fasciolosis due to the immature liver flukes a third treatment should be given in August. The first application of molluscicides to control the snail intermediate hosts can be done in June the time when the snail is harbouring the parasite and a second application in September in order to kill new generations of infected snails.

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Anthelmintic Activity of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) and Mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) against Haemonchus contortus in Sheep

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 219 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dominika Mravčáková ◽

Michaela Komáromyová ◽

Michal Babják ◽

Michaela Urda Dolinská ◽

Alžbeta Königová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Artemisia Absinthium ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Ovicidal Effect ◽

Nematode Eggs

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dry wormwood and mallow on the gastrointestinal parasite of small ruminants Haemonchus contortus. Twenty-four experimentally infected lambs were randomly divided into four groups of six animals each: unsupplemented lambs, lambs supplemented with wormwood, lambs supplemented with mallow and animals supplemented with a mix of both plants. Faecal samples from the lambs were collected on day 23, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 64 and 75 post-infection for quantification of the number of eggs per gram (EPG). The mix of both plants contained phenolic acids (10.7 g/kg DM) and flavonoids (5.51 g/kg DM). The nematode eggs were collected and in vitro egg hatch test was performed. The aqueous extracts of both plants exhibited strong ovicidal effect on H. contortus, with ED50 and ED99 values of 1.40 and 3.76 mg/mL and 2.17 and 5.89 mg/mL, respectively, in the in vitro tests. Despite the great individual differences between the treated lambs in eggs reduction, the mean EPG of the untreated and treated groups did not differ (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that using wormwood and mallow as dietary supplements do not have a sufficient effect on lambs infected with H. contortus.

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Cathepsin B Homologue at the Interface between a Parasitic Nematode and Its Intermediate Host

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.74.2.1297-1304.2006 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 1297-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Michael S. Duffy ◽

Deanne K. Cevasco ◽

Dante S. Zarlenga ◽

Woraporn Sukhumavasi ◽

Judith A. Appleton

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Cathepsin B ◽

Parasitic Nematode ◽

Cysteine Proteases ◽

Chronic Infections ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Snail Intermediate Host ◽

Putative Active Site ◽

Domestic Livestock ◽

Host Tissues

ABSTRACT Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a parasitic nematode that causes a debilitating neurologic disease in many North American cervids and domestic livestock species. We produced a PCR-based cDNA library from infective larvae (L3) in order to identify molecules that mediate parasitism. A dominant 1,250-bp amplicon encoded a homologue of cathepsin B cysteine proteases. The sequence incorporated a C29G substitution in the putative active site. Antibodies generated against a recombinant form detected the native protein (PtCPR-1) in Western blot assays of L3, but not adult worm, extracts. Immunohistochemical methods revealed that PtCPR-1 synthesis was restricted to larval stages within the snail intermediate host (Triodopsis sp.), beginning as early as 2 days postinfection (dpi) of snails. The protein was present in the intestine and luminal contents and was lost from larvae over time. Concurrent studies showed that larvae induced an immune response in snails beginning at 1 dpi. Layers of hemocytes encapsulated larvae immediately after infection, and granuloma-like structures formed around parasites in chronic infections. Loss of PtCPR-1 from L3 and its accumulation in host tissues coincided with degeneration of granuloma architecture 90 to 105 dpi. Fully developed L3 emerged from the snail at this time. Our data implicate PtCPR-1 in larval development and possibly in the emergence of P. tenuis from the intermediate host. Emerged L3 survived desiccation and cold stress, suggesting that they could remain infectious in the environment. Molecules promoting emergence would facilitate dispersal of L3 and increase the likelihood of transmission to definitive hosts.

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Comparative occurrence and antibiogram of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among post-weaned calves and lactating cows from smallholder dairy farms in a parallel animal husbandry area

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.1311-1318 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1311-1318

Author(s):

Chya Vannakovida ◽

Kannika Na Lampang ◽

Phongsakorn Chuammitri ◽

Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽

Khwanchai Kreausukon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

E Coli ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Smallholder Dairy ◽

Smallholder Dairy Farms

Background and Aim: Inappropriate overuse of antimicrobials might be associated with the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in animal-based food products. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have been recognized as an emerging global problem in a One Health approach. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and antimicrobial-susceptible profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli among post-weaned calves and lactating cows in a parallel animal husbandry area. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two pool fecal samples were collected from 36 smallholder dairy farms registered in Ban Hong Dairy Cooperatives, Lamphun Province, Thailand. Pre-enriched fecal samples were cultured in MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime. The potential E. coli isolates were identified by not only biochemical tests but also polymerase chain reaction assay of the 16S rRNA gene. ESBL production was confirmed by the combination disk test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli at the farm level was 80.56%. The different phenotypic antibiogram of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed among post-weaned calf and lactating cow specimens. The most frequent resistance patterns of ESBL-producing isolates from both groups were amoxicillin-ceftiofur-cephalexin-cephalothin-cloxacillin-streptomycin-oxytetracycline-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. For the median zone diameter, enrofloxacin-resistant isolates with narrow zone diameter values from lactating cow specimens were particularly more than post-weaned calf specimens (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings revealed the dynamic changes in ESBL-producing E. coli from calves and lactating cows in Lamphun Province, posing the inevitability to prevent bacterial transmission and optimize antimicrobial therapy in dairy farming.

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Prevalence of Swine Diseases in Ijebu Division of Ogun State

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v38i1.718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (1) ◽

pp. 125-129

Author(s):

A. O. Talabi ◽

M. A. Oyekunle ◽

J. O. Abiola ◽

G. E. O. Makinde ◽

S. O. Akinleye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Trypanosoma Brucei ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽

Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽

Foot Rot ◽

Ogun State ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Nematode Eggs ◽

Swine Diseases

This study was carried out by visiting 20 towns/ villages in Ijebu-division of Ogun State, where a total of 5,043 pigs were observed for various disease conditions. Blood and faecal samples and skin scrapings were collected from 137 sick animals, of which 3.65% were positive for the presence of Trypanosoma brucei. The following gastrointestinal nematode eggs were found in the faecal samples evaluated: Ascaris sp. (45.26%), Strongyles (10.22%), Strongyloides sp. (5.11%) and Trichuris sp. (2.92%). Sarcoptes scabiei which was the only ectoparasite of pigs encountered in this study accounted for 12.41% of the 137 skin scrapings collected. A total of 606 out of 5,043 animals were found to be clinically sick. Identified disease conditions include wound infection (33.50%), diarrhea (22.11%), piglet anaemia (15.84%), mange (10.89%), tail sore (6.44%), foot rot (4.95%), mastitis (2.97%), metritis (1.82%) and pneumonia (1.49%).

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