scholarly journals A novel report of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli carrying mcr-1 gene from animal and human feacal samples in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga A. Olowe ◽  
Rita A. Olowe ◽  
Adeolu S. Oluremi ◽  
Olusolabomi J. Adefioye
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Faecal Samples

Background: The mobilized colistin resistance (m cr)-1 gene confers transferable colistin resistance. Reports of mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (MCRPE) have attracted substantial attention. However, in Nigeria, there is no report of mcr-1 gene resistance. Since colistin is a last resort for multiple drug-resistant isolates, this study therefore report the prevalence of mcr-1 gene among E. coli isolated from human and animal sources. Methods: Out of a total of 280 samples collected from animal and hum an faecal samples from selected farms in Oyo and Osun States, Southwestern Nigeria between July 2015 and June 2016, 60 E. coli were identified using standard microbiological methods. The mcr-1 gene was detected in the isolates by conventional PCR assay. Results: The m cr-1 gene was low and not statistically significant (p≥0.05). It was detected in 5 (8.3%) of 60 E. coli isolates (4= animals; 1= human) Conclusion: This study is the first report of mcr -1 gene from E. coli from human and animal sources in Nigeria. This calls for urgent caution in the use of colistin in animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli isolated from poultry samples submitted to a bacteriology laboratory in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 2662-2669
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Z. Hassan ◽  
Buks Wandrag ◽  
Johan J. Gouws ◽  
Daniel N. Qekwana ◽  
Vinny Naidoo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Location Type

Background and Aim: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and recently mobilized colistin resistance (mcr-1) associated colistin resistance among Escherichia coli isolates have been attributed to the overuse of antimicrobials in livestock production. E. coli remains an important pathogen, often associated with mortality and low carcass weight in poultry medicine; therefore, the need to use antimicrobials is common. The study aimed to determine the AMR profile and presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in avian pathogenic E. coli from poultry samples tested at a bacteriology laboratory for routine diagnosis. This is a first step in understanding the effectiveness of mitigation strategies. Materials and Methods: Fifty E. coli strains were assessed for resistance against ten antimicrobial drugs using broth microdilution. All isolates with a colistin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 μg/mL were analyzed for the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes by employing the polymerase chain reaction. For each isolate, the following farm information was obtained: farm location, type of farm, and on-farm use of colistin. Results: Sixty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to at least one antimicrobial; 44% were multiple drug-resistant (MDR). Most E. coli isolates were resistant to doxycycline (44%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38%), ampicillin (32%), and enrofloxacin (32%). None of the E. coli strains was resistant to colistin sulfate (MIC90 of 2 μg/mL). Only one E. coli isolate held the mcr-1 gene; none carried the mcr-2 gene. Conclusion: Resistance among E. coli isolates in this study was fairly high. Resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was observed, such as doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and enrofloxacin. Only a single E. coli strain carried the mcr-1 gene, suggesting that mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes are common among isolates in this study. The prevalence of AMR, however, suggests that farmers must implement standard biosecurity measures to reduce E. coli burden, and antimicrobial use to prolong the efficacy life span of some of these drugs.

Mechanisms for Lactobacillus rhamnosus treatment of intestinal infection by drug-resistant Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 4428-4445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Li ◽  
Bing Pang ◽  
Junjun Li ◽  
Guanwen Liu ◽  
Xiaoguang Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Intestinal Infection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Reducing the viability of pathogens may also play an important role for the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus SHA113 against multiple-drug-resistant E. coli, as well as influencing on the intestinal integrity and functions of animals.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanol extracts of Nigella sativa on some multiple drug resistant diarrheic bacterial agents

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Adedayo Emmanuel Ogunware ◽  
Hassan Zainab Adewunmi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Combinations of various antimicrobial agents have been introduced as an extra successful strategy to combat multiple drug resistant infections. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa seeds on several multi-drug resistant diarrheic bacterial agents. 30 Stool samples were collected from Lagos State University Teaching Hospital (LASUTH), in Nigeria and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the diarrheic isolates. Then, antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on the organisms, followed by screening the effectiveness of Nigella sativa seed extracts on the bacterial agents obtained from the samples. 16 samples tested positive for diarrheic agents Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli 0157H:7 and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa showed the highest zone of inhibition of 12mm for K. pneumoniae at a concentration of 300mg/dl ,10mm for E. coli 0157H:7 at a concentration of 200mg/dl, and 10mm for E. coli at a concentration of 200mg/dl, respectively. The methanolic extracts showed much stronger activity than the aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa which did not show significant activity towards the diarrheic agents isolated.

In vitro evaluation of antibacterial potential of Andrographis paniculata against resistant bacterial pathogens methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4879
Author(s):  
Srikala Ganapathy* ◽  
Karpagam S.
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Rise of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria namely Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Multiple drug resistant Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli results in reduced efficacy of currently used antibacterial agents. Medicinal plants serve as potential targets for biologically effective antibacterial agents. The present study determined the phytochemical and invitro antibacterial activity of ethanol, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of whole plant of Andrographis paniculata against MRSA and MDR Escherichia coli. Zone of inhibition diameters were measured. Compared to all the extracts, ethanolic extract showed highest activity. The antibacterial activity was absent in hexane and water extracts. Chloroform extracts showed moderately good activity. The antibacterial compounds found in ethanolic extract were flavanoids, saponins and alkaloids.

Detection of MCR-1 Gene in Multiple Drug Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Human Clinical Samples from Peshawar, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fareeha Hameed ◽  
Muhammad Asif Khan ◽  
Hazrat Bilal ◽  
Hafsah Muhammad ◽  
Tayyab Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

Background: The presence of plasmid mediated mcr-1 gene in multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacteria poses a serious public health concern in today’s world. Objectives: The present study was aimed to detect the presence of plasmid mediated mcr-1 encoding resistance to colistin in multiple drug resistant (MDR) E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates. Methods: A total 180 clinical isolates of E. coli (n=120) and K. pneumoniae (n=60) were isolated from different clinical specimens i.e. urine, blood, stool and pus, from diagnostic labs of two major public sector tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar, Pakistan. MDR profile of these isolates was assessed through Kirby-Baur disc diffusion method. All isolates were screened for colistin resistance by dilution methods. Colistin resistant isolates were subjected to PCR for mcr-1 detection and confirmation was done by Sanger sequencing method. Results: Overall 83.3% (100/120) E. coli and 93.3% (56/60) K. pneumoniae were detected as MDR. Colistin resistance was found in 23.3% (28/120) E. coli and 40% (24/60) K. pneumoniae isolates whereas mcr-1 gene was detected in 10 out of 52 colistin resistant isolates including six E. coli and four K. pneumoniae isolates. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of colistin in these ten mcr-1 positive isolates ranged from 4µg/ml to 16µg/ml. All mcr-1 positive isolates showed 99% sequence similarity when compared with other present sequences in GenBank. Conclusion: Hence, our study confirms the presence of mcr-1 mediated colistin resistance in the studied area. Therefore, urgently larger scale surveillance studies are recommended to investigate prevalence of mcr-1 mediated colistin resistance and to prevent its further spread in the area.

scholarly journals A novel method for measuring phenotypic colistin resistance in Escherichia coli populations from chicken flocks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhung Thi Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Yen ◽  
Nguyen Van Ky Thien ◽  
Nguyen Van Cuong ◽  
Bach Tuan Kiet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTColistin is extensively used in animal production in many low- and middle-income countries. There is a need to develop methodologies to benchmark and monitor changes in resistance in commensal bacterial populations in farms. We aimed to evaluate the performance of a broth microdilution method based on culturing a pooled Escherichia coli suspension (30-50 organisms) from each sample. In order to confirm the biological basis and sensitivity of the method, we prepared 16 standard suspensions containing variable ratios of colistin-susceptible and mcr-1 encoded colistin-resistant E. coli which were grown in 2mg/L colistin. The optical density (OD600nm) readings over time were used to generate a growth curve, and were adjusted to the values obtained in the absence of colistin. The median limit of detection of the method was 1 colistin-resistant in 104 susceptible colonies [1st - 3rd quartile, 1:102 – 1:105]. We applied this method to 108 pooled faecal samples from 36 chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam) over the production cycle. The correlation between this method and the prevalence of colistin resistance in individual colonies harvested from field samples, determined by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), was established. The overall prevalence of colistin resistance at sample and isolate level was 38.9% and 19.4%, respectively. Increased colistin resistance was associated with recent (2 weeks) use of colistin and other, non-colistin antimicrobials (OR=3.67 and OR=1.84, respectively). Our method is a sensitive and affordable approach to monitor changes in colistin resistance in pooled E. coli populations from faecal samples over time.IMPORTANCEColistin (polymyxin E) is an antimicrobial with poor solubility properties, and therefore broth microdilution is the only appropriate method for testing colistin resistance. However, estimating colistin resistance in commensal mixed Escherichia coli populations is laborious since it requires individual colony isolation, identification and susceptibility testing. We developed a growth-based microdilution method suitable for pooled faecal samples. We validated the method by comparing it with results from individual MIC testing of 909 E. coli isolates. We used the method to investigate phenotypic colistin resistance in 108 pooled faecal samples from 36 healthy chicken flocks, each sampled three times over the production cycle. A higher level of resistance was seen in flocks recently supplemented with colistin in drinking water, although the observed generated resistance was short-lived. Our method is affordable, and may potentially be integrated into surveillance systems aiming at estimating the prevalence of resistance at colony level in flocks/herds. Furthermore, it may also be adapted to other complex biological systems, such as farms and abattoirs.

scholarly journals Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance ofEscherichia coliIsolated from Chickens in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Talebiyan ◽  
Mehdi Kheradmand ◽  
Faham Khamesipour ◽  
Mohammad Rabiee-Faradonbeh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Poultry Industry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Commercial Broiler

Antimicrobial agents are used extremely in order to reduce the great losses caused byEscherichia coliinfections in poultry industry. In this study, 318 pathogenicEscherichia coli(APEC) strains isolated from commercial broiler flocks with coli-septicemia were examined for antimicrobials of both veterinary and human significance by disc diffusion method. Multiple resistances to antimicrobial agents were observed in all the isolates. Resistance to the antibiotics was as follows: Tylosin (88.68%), Erythromycin (71.70%), Oxytetracycline (43.40%), Sulfadimethoxine-Trimethoprim (39.62%), Enrofloxacin (37.74%), Florfenicol (35.85%), Chlortetracycline (33.96%), Doxycycline (16.98%), Difloxacin (32.08%), Danofloxacin (28.30%), Chloramphenicol (20.75%), Ciprofloxacin (7.55%), and Gentamicin (5.66%). This study showed resistance against the antimicrobial agents that are commonly applied in poultry, although resistance against the antibiotics that are only applied in humans or less frequently used in poultry was significantly low. This study emphasizes on the occurrence of multiple drug resistantE. coliamong diseased broiler chickens in Iran. The data revealed the relative risks of using antimicrobials in poultry industry. It also concluded that use of antibiotics must be limited in poultry farms in order to reduce the antibiotic resistances.

scholarly journals A novel method for measuring phenotypic colistin resistance in Escherichia coli populations from chicken flocks

2020 ◽  
pp. AEM.02597-20
Author(s):  
Nhung Thi Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Phuong Yen ◽  
Nguyen Van Ky Thien ◽  
Nguyen Van Cuong ◽  
Bach Tuan Kiet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Over Time

Colistin is extensively used in animal production in many low- and middle-income countries. There is a need to develop methodologies to benchmark and monitor changes in resistance among mixed commensal bacterial populations in farms. We aimed to evaluate the performance of a broth microdilution method based on culturing a pooled Escherichia coli suspension (30-50 organisms) obtained from each sample. To confirm the biological basis and sensitivity of the method, we cultured 16 combinations of one colistin-susceptible and one mcr-1 encoded colistin-resistant E. coli in the presence of 2mg/L colistin. Optical density (OD600nm) readings over time were used to generate a growth curve, and these values were adjusted to the values obtained in the absence of colistin (adjusted Area Under the Curve, AUCadj). The median limit of detection was 1 resistant in 104 susceptible colonies [1st - 3rd quartile, 102:1 –105:1]. We applied this method to 108 pooled faecal samples from 36 chicken flocks from the Mekong Delta (Vietnam), and determined the correlation between this method and the prevalence of colistin resistance in individual colonies harvested from field samples, determined by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration. The overall prevalence of colistin resistance at sample and isolate level (estimated from the AUCadj) was 38.9% [95%CI, 29.8-48.8%] and 19.4% (SD± 26.3%), respectively. Increased colistin resistance was associated with recent (2 weeks) use of colistin (OR=3.67) and other, non-colistin antimicrobials (OR=1.84). Our method is a sensitive and affordable approach to monitor changes in colistin resistance in E. coli populations from faecal samples over time.IMPORTANCE Colistin (polymyxin E) is an antimicrobial with poor solubility in agar-based media, and therefore broth microdilution is the only available method for phenotypic resistance. However, estimating colistin resistance in mixed Escherichia coli populations is laborious since it requires individual colony isolation, identification and susceptibility testing. We developed a growth-based microdilution method suitable for pooled faecal samples. We validated the method by comparing it with individual MIC of 909 E. coli isolates; we then tested 108 pooled faecal samples from 36 healthy chicken flocks collected over their production cycle. A higher level of resistance was seen in flocks recently treated with colistin in water, although the observed generated resistance was short-lived. Our method is affordable, and may potentially be integrated into surveillance systems aiming at estimating the prevalence of resistance at colony level in flocks/herds. Furthermore, it may also be adapted to other complex biological systems, such as farms and abattoirs.

Usefulness of a Multiplex PCR for Detection of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in a Diagnostic Microbiology Laboratory Setting

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairun Nessa ◽  
Dilruba Ahmed ◽  
Johirul Islam ◽  
FM Lutful Kabir ◽  
M Anowar Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Proteinase K ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Diarrheagenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
Diagnostic Microbiology

A multiplex PCR assay was evaluated for diagnosis of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in stool samples of patients with diarrhoea submitted to a diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Two procedures of DNA template preparationproteinase K buffer method and the boiling method were evaluated to examine isolates of E. coli from 150 selected diarrhoeal cases. By proteinase K buffer method, 119 strains (79.3%) of E. coli were characterized to various categories by their genes that included 55.5% enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 18.5% enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), 1.7% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and 0.8% Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Although boiling method was less time consuming (<24 hrs) and less costly (<8.0 US $/ per test) but was less efficient in typing E. coli compared to proteinase K method (41.3% vs. 79.3% ; p<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of boiling method compared to proteinase K method was 48.7% and 87.1% while the positive and negative predictive value was 93.5% and 30.7%, respectively. The majority of pathogenic E. coli were detected in children (78.0%) under five years age with 53.3% under one year, and 68.7% of the children were male. Children under 5 years age were frequently infected with EAEC (71.6%) compared to ETEC (24.3%), EPEC (2.7%) and STEC (1.4%). The multiplex PCR assay could be effectively used as a rapid diagnostic tool for characterization of diarrheagenic E. coli using a single reaction tube in the clinical laboratory setting.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2007; 01 (02): 38-42

scholarly journals Molecular survey of mcr1 and mcr2 plasmid mediated colistin resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates of animal origin in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayhan Ilbeigi ◽  
Mahdi Askari Badouei ◽  
Hossein Vaezi ◽  
Hassan Zaheri ◽  
Sina Aghasharif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Colistin Resistance ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Level ◽  
Farming Industry

Abstract Objectives The emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from human and animal sources is one of the major public health concerns as colistin is the last-resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of the prototype widespread colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) among commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from food-producing and companion animals in Iran. Results A total of 607 E. coli isolates which were previously collected from different animal sources between 2008 and 2016 used to uncover the possible presence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance genes (mcr-1 and mcr-2) by PCR. Overall, our results could not confirm the presence of any mcr-1 or mcr-2 positive E. coli among the studied isolates. It is concluded that despite the important role of food-producing animals in transferring the antibiotic resistance, they were not the main source for carriage of mcr-1 and mcr-2 in Iran until 2016. This study suggests that the other mcr variants (mcr-3 to mcr-9) might be responsible for conferring colistin resistance in animal isolates in Iran. The possible linkage between pig farming industry and high level of mcr carriage in some countries needs to be clarified in future prospective studies.

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