scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Jus Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne) Terhadap Kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Isoniazid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ebta Narasukma Anggraeny ◽  
Endang Sri Sunarsih ◽  
Patricia Sanggita Listyoputri Wibowo ◽  
Novi Elisa
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Body Weight Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Strawberry Juice

ABSTRAKIsoniazid adalah obat anti tuberkulosis yang digunakan baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi. Penggunaan isoniazid dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan hepatotoksik. Hepatotoksik disebabkan oleh hasil metabolisme isoniazid di hepar berupa hidrazin dan asetilhidrazin. Radikal bebas tersebut yang menyebabkan tingginya reactive oxygen species (ROS) didalam tubuh. Tingginya radikal bebas menyebabkan peningkatan kadar SGPT dan SGOT yang merupakan indikator adanya kerusakan hepar. Tingginya radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dilihat dari paramter MDA. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan eksogen seperti jus stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrinning fitokimia jus stroberi dan pengaruh pemberian jus stroberi terhadap kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi Isoniazid. Perlakuan diberikan  selama 14 hari dengan pembagian kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dosis 3g/kgBB, 6g/kgBB, dan 9g/kgBB. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari 1, hari 15, dan hari 29. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus stroberi dapat menurunkan kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi isoniazid dengan dosis efektif sebesar 3g/kgBB tikus.Kata kunci: Isoniazid;  jus stroberi; MDA; SGPT; SGOT;Effect of Strawberry Juice (Fragraria ananassa Duchessne) against SGPT, SGOT and MDA levels in Isoniazide-Induced Wistar Male Rats ABSTRACTIsoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug that is used either as monotherapy or in combination. Prolonged use of isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is caused by the hepatic isoniazid metabolism in the form of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine. These free radicals cause high reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. The high level of free radicals causes an increase in SGPT and SGOT levels, which are indicators of liver damage. The high level of free radicals in the body can be seen from the MDA parameter. This can be overcome by giving exogenous antioxidants such as strawberry juice (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical screening of strawberry juice and the effect of giving strawberry juice on the levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in rats induced by Isoniazid. The treatment was given for 14 days divided into groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, dose of 3g / kg, 6g / kg, and 9g / kg of body weight. Data were collected on day 1, day 15, and day 29. The results of this study concluded that strawberry juice can reduce levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in isoniazid-induced rats with an effective dose of 3 g/kgBW rats.Keywords: Isoniazid; Strawberry juice; MDA; SGPT; SGOT

scholarly journals Inflammaging: inflammation and oxidative stress as a cause of aging and cognitive decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
A. P. Pereverzev ◽  
R. R. Romanovskii ◽  
N. A. Shatalova ◽  
O. D. Ostroumova
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

According to the theory of inflammaging, aging of the body and the development of age-related diseases are a consequence of a chronic progressive generalized inflammatory process that develops and persists throughout life under the influence of negative factors of an infectious and non-infectious nature. Inflammaging has a number of features that distinguish it from acute inflammation: a chronic nature of inflammation, a low level of inflammation, blurry clinical state (in the early stages of clinical manifestations there may not be any at all). The key pathogenetic role in inflammation plays age-associated changes in the innate immune system, which are referred to in the English literature as “immunosenescence” and oxidative stress. The main source of reactive oxygen species and free radicals in the cells are mitochondria. With age, the concentration of intracellular glutathione, one of the main factors of the antioxidant protection of the cell, decreases and a pathological condition arises in which the rate of production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species significantly exceeds the antioxidant capabilities, which leads to the formation of oxidative stress and disruption of the structure and function of cells. Oxidative stress, inflammation and neuroinflammation are closely related to cognitive impairment, pathological state that is often observed in a group of elderly and senile patients. Further study of the pathogenesis of Inflammaging and the role of oxidative stress in it will potentially lead to development of methods to slow down aging and treat age-related cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF 7-DAY INTRODUCTION OF GLUTATHIONE ON ACTIVITIES OF H2S-PRODUCING ENZYMES IN THE LIVER OF RATS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROPATHY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
E. O. Ferenchuk ◽  
I. V. Gerush
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Experimental Nephropathy ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Introduction. Kidney diseases are a worldwide health problem. The renal dysfunctions cause the production of reactive oxygen species and can co-exist with different liver disease, or stimulate their development, so scientists are becoming more interested in the study of the influence of antioxidants such as glutathione on metabolic pathways of the body under conditions of different disease. Hydrogen sulfide has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects that are mediated by its ability to downregulate the synthesis of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species-producing enzymes and may play an important role in the mechanism of development of nephropathy. The aim of the study – to learn the effect of glutathione introduction within 7 days on the system of H2S production in the liver of rats under conditions of experimental nephropathy. Research Methods. The experiment was conducted on albino mature male rats. The animals in experimental group were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of folic acid (250 mg/kg). Glutathione was introduced intragastral (100 mg/kg) within 7 days after intoxication. The activity of H2S-producing enzymes, the concentration and production of H2S were measured in the liver. Results and Discussion. Under conditions of experimental nephropathy there was a decrease in the concentration and production of hydrogen sulfide compared with the control group. The introduction of glutathione increased the content of hydrogen sulfide and promoted the growth of the activities of H2S-producing enzymes in the liver of rats. Conclusions. It was found that the content and production of hydrogen sulfide in the group of animals with nephropathy were diminished by a decrease in the activities of hepatic H2S-producing enzymes. The introduction of glutathione increased the content of hydrogen sulfide by stimulation the activities of cystathionine-β-synthase and cysteinaminotransferase in the liver of rats. As reasons for this effect, antioxidant properties of glutathione and the possibility of including tripeptide as a source of cysteine in the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide are considered.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species : A key hallmark of cardiovascullar disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manorma Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species

Free radicals and oxidants play a dual role as both toxic and beneficial compounds, since they can be either harmful or helpful to the body. They are produced either from normal cell metabolisms in situ or from external sources (pollution, cigarette smoke, radiation, medication). When an overload of free radicals cannot gradually be destroyed, their accumulation in the body generates a phenomenon called oxidative stress. This process plays a major part in the development of chronic and degenerative illness such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, cataract, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been the prime cause of mortality worldwide for decades. However, the underlying mechanism of their pathogenesis is not fully clear yet. It has been already established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in the progression of CVDs. ROS are chemically unstable reactive free radicals containing oxygen, normally produced by xanthine oxidase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, lipoxygenases or mitochondria or due to the uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase in vascular cells. When the equilibrium between production of free radicals and antioxidant capacity of human physiology gets altered due to several pathophysiological conditions, oxidative stress is induced, which in turn leads to tissue injury. The information generated by this review aims to provide updated insights into the understanding of the mechanisms behind cardiovascular complications mediated by ROS.

scholarly journals Environmentally persistent free radicals are ubiquitous in wildfire charcoals and remain stable for years

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Sigmund ◽  
Cristina Santín ◽  
Marc Pignitter ◽  
Nathalie Tepe ◽  
Stefan H. Doerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractGlobally landscape fires produce about 256 Tg of pyrogenic carbon or charcoal each year. The role of charcoal as a source of environmentally persistent free radicals, which are precursors of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species, is poorly constrained. Here, we analyse 60 charcoal samples collected from 10 wildfires, that include crown as well as surface fires in forest, shrubland and grassland spanning different boreal, temperate, subtropical and tropical climate. Using electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we measure high concentrations of environmentally persistent free radicals in charcoal samples, much higher than those found in soils. Concentrations increased with degree of carbonization and woody fuels favoured higher concentrations. Moreover, environmentally persistent free radicals remained stable for an unexpectedly long time of at least 5 years. We suggest that wildfire charcoal is an important global source of environmentally persistent free radicals, and therefore potentially of harmful reactive oxygen species.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals What Did We Accomplish in Fighting Radical Species in Human Health?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Rachid Skouta
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Physiological Level

Maintaining the physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the body is highly important in the fight against radical species in the context of human health [...]

scholarly journals Vesicular Formation of Trans-Ferulic Acid: an Efficient Approach to Improve the Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Rezaeiroshan ◽  
Majid Saeedi ◽  
Katayoun Morteza-Semnani ◽  
Jafar Akbari ◽  
Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production

Abstract Purposes Reactive oxygen species production is harmful to human’s health. The presence of antioxidants in the body may help to diminish reactive oxygen species. Trans-ferulic acid is a good antioxidant, but its low water solubility excludes its utilization. The study aims to explore whether a vesicular drug delivery could be a way to overcome the poor absorption of trans-ferulic acid hence improving its antimicrobial efficiency and antioxidant effect. Methods Niosomal vesicles containing the drug were prepared by film hydration method. The obtained vesicles were investigated in terms of morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, release behavior, cellular cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cellular protection study, and antimicrobial evaluations. Results The optimized niosomal formulation had a particle size of 158.7 nm and entrapment efficiency of 21.64%. The results showed that the optimized formulation containing 25 μM of trans-ferulic acid could enhance the viability of human foreskin fibroblast HFF cell line against reactive oxygen species production. The minimum effective dose of the plain drug and the niosomal formulation against Staphylococcus aurous (ATCC 29213) was 750 µg/mL and 375 µg/mL, respectively, and for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), it was 750 µg/mL and 187/5 µg/mL, respectively. The formulation could also improve the minimum bactericidal concentration of the drug in Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, and Acinobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606). Conclusion These results revealed an improvement in both antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the drug in the niosomal formulation.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Effects of Biguanides on Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Pecinova ◽  
Zdenek Drahota ◽  
Jana Kovalcikova ◽  
Nikola Kovarova ◽  
Petr Pecina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Species Production

Metformin is widely prescribed as a first-choice antihyperglycemic drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recent epidemiological studies showed its utility also in cancer therapy. Although it is in use since the 1970s, its molecular target, either for antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action, remains elusive. However, the body of the research on metformin effect oscillates around mitochondrial metabolism, including the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) apparatus. In this study, we focused on direct inhibitory mechanism of biguanides (metformin and phenformin) on OXPHOS complexes and its functional impact, using the model of isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria. We demonstrate that biguanides nonspecifically target the activities of all respiratory chain dehydrogenases (mitochondrial NADH, succinate, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenases), but only at very high concentrations (10−2–10−1 M) that highly exceed cellular concentrations observed during the treatment. In addition, these concentrations of biguanides also trigger burst of reactive oxygen species production which, in combination with pleiotropic OXPHOS inhibition, can be toxic for the organism. We conclude that the beneficial effect of biguanides should probably be associated with subtler mechanism, different from the generalized inhibition of the respiratory chain.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated through oxyion® technology in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa (Duchesne ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier cv. Monterrey) storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Andres Ramirez ◽  
Alejandro Jimenez ◽  
Claudia Patricia Pérez Rodriguez ◽  
Laura Restrepo
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa

Las especies reactivas de oxigeno (ROS) tienen un papel primordial en los procesos de estrés oxidativos a nivel biológico. En la mayoría de los casos la presencia de dichas especies químicas es indeseable debido al impacto que tienen sobre tejidos y estructuras celulares, sin embargo, sus efectos pueden ser empleados para controlar la incidencia de microorganismos responsables de procesos de deterioro en frutas y hortalizas. En el presente estudio se estudió la viabilidad de compaginar el almacenamiento a baja temperatura con la presencia de especies reactivas de oxigeno generadas empleando la tecnología Oxyion® para el control del proceso de deterioro en fresa (Fragaria X ananassa). Los tratamientos empleados fueron almacenamiento control (4°C± 2°C sin Oxyion®) y almacenamiento ROS (4°C± 2°C con Oxyion®), para dos categorías del producto de acuerdo con el peso y estado de maduración según la NTC 4103 (ICONTEC, 1997). Las variables fueron monitoreadas con puntos de medición en 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 y 15 días después de cosecha en porcentaje de pérdida de masa, sólidos solubles, intensidad respiratoria, acidez, resistencia, color y etileno. Adicionalmente se analizaron los efectos y las interacciones significativas entre variables. Al concluir el estudio, se determinó que la tecnología Oxyion® presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas en comparación con el control, e indujo a una menor pérdida de peso, mayor resistencia y menor producción exógena de etileno, prolongando la vida útil de la fresa cv. Monterrey en un 40% durante almacenamiento, adicionalmente las pérdidas por acción de microorganismos presentes en la superficie de las fresas se redujeron de forma considerable, generando un precedente positivo en los procesos de almacenamiento y conservación de frutas para Colombia.

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