scholarly journals EFFECT OF 7-DAY INTRODUCTION OF GLUTATHIONE ON ACTIVITIES OF H2S-PRODUCING ENZYMES IN THE LIVER OF RATS UNDER EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROPATHY CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
E. O. Ferenchuk ◽  
I. V. Gerush
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Experimental Nephropathy ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Introduction. Kidney diseases are a worldwide health problem. The renal dysfunctions cause the production of reactive oxygen species and can co-exist with different liver disease, or stimulate their development, so scientists are becoming more interested in the study of the influence of antioxidants such as glutathione on metabolic pathways of the body under conditions of different disease. Hydrogen sulfide has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects that are mediated by its ability to downregulate the synthesis of lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species-producing enzymes and may play an important role in the mechanism of development of nephropathy. The aim of the study – to learn the effect of glutathione introduction within 7 days on the system of H2S production in the liver of rats under conditions of experimental nephropathy. Research Methods. The experiment was conducted on albino mature male rats. The animals in experimental group were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of folic acid (250 mg/kg). Glutathione was introduced intragastral (100 mg/kg) within 7 days after intoxication. The activity of H2S-producing enzymes, the concentration and production of H2S were measured in the liver. Results and Discussion. Under conditions of experimental nephropathy there was a decrease in the concentration and production of hydrogen sulfide compared with the control group. The introduction of glutathione increased the content of hydrogen sulfide and promoted the growth of the activities of H2S-producing enzymes in the liver of rats. Conclusions. It was found that the content and production of hydrogen sulfide in the group of animals with nephropathy were diminished by a decrease in the activities of hepatic H2S-producing enzymes. The introduction of glutathione increased the content of hydrogen sulfide by stimulation the activities of cystathionine-β-synthase and cysteinaminotransferase in the liver of rats. As reasons for this effect, antioxidant properties of glutathione and the possibility of including tripeptide as a source of cysteine in the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide are considered.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan Jus Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne) Terhadap Kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Isoniazid

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ebta Narasukma Anggraeny ◽  
Endang Sri Sunarsih ◽  
Patricia Sanggita Listyoputri Wibowo ◽  
Novi Elisa
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Body Weight Data ◽  
High Level ◽  
Strawberry Juice

ABSTRAKIsoniazid adalah obat anti tuberkulosis yang digunakan baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi. Penggunaan isoniazid dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan hepatotoksik. Hepatotoksik disebabkan oleh hasil metabolisme isoniazid di hepar berupa hidrazin dan asetilhidrazin. Radikal bebas tersebut yang menyebabkan tingginya reactive oxygen species (ROS) didalam tubuh. Tingginya radikal bebas menyebabkan peningkatan kadar SGPT dan SGOT yang merupakan indikator adanya kerusakan hepar. Tingginya radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dilihat dari paramter MDA. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan eksogen seperti jus stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrinning fitokimia jus stroberi dan pengaruh pemberian jus stroberi terhadap kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi Isoniazid. Perlakuan diberikan  selama 14 hari dengan pembagian kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dosis 3g/kgBB, 6g/kgBB, dan 9g/kgBB. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari 1, hari 15, dan hari 29. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus stroberi dapat menurunkan kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi isoniazid dengan dosis efektif sebesar 3g/kgBB tikus.Kata kunci: Isoniazid;  jus stroberi; MDA; SGPT; SGOT;Effect of Strawberry Juice (Fragraria ananassa Duchessne) against SGPT, SGOT and MDA levels in Isoniazide-Induced Wistar Male Rats ABSTRACTIsoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug that is used either as monotherapy or in combination. Prolonged use of isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is caused by the hepatic isoniazid metabolism in the form of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine. These free radicals cause high reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. The high level of free radicals causes an increase in SGPT and SGOT levels, which are indicators of liver damage. The high level of free radicals in the body can be seen from the MDA parameter. This can be overcome by giving exogenous antioxidants such as strawberry juice (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical screening of strawberry juice and the effect of giving strawberry juice on the levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in rats induced by Isoniazid. The treatment was given for 14 days divided into groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, dose of 3g / kg, 6g / kg, and 9g / kg of body weight. Data were collected on day 1, day 15, and day 29. The results of this study concluded that strawberry juice can reduce levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in isoniazid-induced rats with an effective dose of 3 g/kgBW rats.Keywords: Isoniazid; Strawberry juice; MDA; SGPT; SGOT

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian vitamin C terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) setelah pemaparan cahaya

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risza Intan Suryani ◽  
Lusiana Satiawati ◽  
Janette M. Rumbajan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxygen Species

Abstract: Light is an initiator of free radical oxygen formation inter alia reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increases the oxidative stress. Free radicals can be controlled and prevents by the antioxidant. Vitamin C is an antioxidant that can neutralize the free radical. This study aimed to obtain the effects of vitamin C on spermatozoa quality of wistar rats after light exposure. Subjects were male rats (Rattus norvegicus) which were exposed to light and then divided into three groups: control group (without vitamin C administration), treatment group 1 (treated with vitamin C 1.8 mg/day/rat), and treatment group 2 (treated with of vitamin C 3.6 mg/day/rat) for 50 days. The results showed a significant improvement in the quality of wistar spermatozoa (concentration, motility, and morphology) after treated with vitamin C and exposed to light.Keywords: vitamin C, light, quality of spermatozoa, ROS (reactive oxygen species).  Abstrak: Cahaya merupakan inisiator pembentukan radikal bebas reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang akan meningkatkan stres oksidatif. Radikal bebas dapat dikendalikan dan dicegah oleh antioksidan, salah satunya ialah vitamin C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian vitamin C terhadap kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar setelah pemaparan cahaya. Subyek penelitian ialah tikus wistar jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang diberi paparan cahaya kemudian dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, yaitu: kelompok kontrol (tanpa pemberian vitamin C), kelompok perlakuan 1 (pemberian vitamin C 1,8 mg/hari/ekor), dan kelompok perlakuan 2 (pemberian vitamin C 3,6 mg/hari/ekor). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan peningkatan kualitas spermatozoa tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) secara bermakna setelah pemberian vitamin C pada tikus wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang telah diberi pemaparan cahaya.Kata kunci: vitamin C, cahaya, kualitas spermatozoa, ROS

Amentoflavone: A Bifunctional Metal Chelator that Controls the Formation of Neurotoxic Soluble Aβ42 Oligomers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Sun ◽  
Anuj K. Sharma ◽  
Byung-Hee Han ◽  
Liviu M. Mirica
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Amyloid Plaques ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid

<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, yet the cause and progression of this disorder are not completely understood. While the main hallmark of AD is the deposition of amyloid plaques consisting of the β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide, transition metal ions are also known to play a significant role in disease pathology by expediting the formation of neurotoxic soluble β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative stress. Thus, bifunctional metal chelators that can control these deleterious properties are highly desirable. Herein, we show that amentoflavone (AMF) – a natural biflavonoid compound, exhibits good metal-chelating properties, especially for chelating Cu<sup>2+</sup> with very high affinity (pCu<sub>7.4</sub> = 10.44). In addition, AMF binds to Aβ fibrils with a high affinity (<i>K<sub>i</sub></i> = 287 ± 20 nM) – as revealed by a competition thioflavin T (ThT) assay, and specifically labels the amyloid plaques <i>ex vivo</i> in the brain sections of transgenic AD mice – as confirmed via immunostaining with an Ab antibody. The effect of AMF on Aβ<sub>42</sub> aggregation and disaggregation of Aβ<sub>42</sub> fibrils was also investigated, to reveal that AMF can control the formation of neurotoxic soluble Aβ<sub>42</sub> oligomers, both in absence and presence of metal ions, and as confirmed via cell toxicity studies. Furthermore, an ascorbate consumption assay shows that AMF exhibits potent antioxidant properties and can chelate Cu<sup>2+</sup> and significantly diminish the Cu<sup>2+</sup>-ascorbate redox cycling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Overall, these studies strongly suggest that AMF acts as a bifunctional chelator that can interact with various Aβ aggregates and reduce their neurotoxicity, can also bind Cu<sup>2+</sup> and mediate its deleterious redox properties, and thus AMF has the potential to be a lead compound for further therapeutic agent development for AD. </p>

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Kinases, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Nitric Oxide in the Regulation of Autophagy and Their Impact on Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in the Heart

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Krylatov ◽  
Leonid Maslov ◽  
Sergey Y. Tsibulnikov ◽  
Nikita Voronkov ◽  
Alla Boshchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Adaptive Process

: There is considerable evidence in the heart that autophagy in cardiomyocytes is activated by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) or in hearts by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Depending upon the experimental model and duration of ischemia, increases in autophagy in this setting maybe beneficial (cardioprotective) or deleterious (exacerbate I/R injury). Aside from the conundrum as to whether or not autophagy is an adaptive process, it is clearly regulated by a number of diverse molecules including reactive oxygen species (ROS), various kinases, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO). The purpose this review is to address briefly the controversy regarding the role of autophagy in this setting and to examine a variety of disparate molecules that are involved in its regulation.

Altered composition of high-lipid diet may generate reactive oxygen species by disturbing the balance of antioxidant and free radicals

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Banerjee ◽  
Debasmita Das ◽  
Rajarshi Paul ◽  
Sandipan Roy ◽  
Ankita Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
High Lipid Diet ◽  
Lipid Diet

AbstractBackgroundIn the present era, obesity is increasing rapidly, and high dietary intake of lipid could be a noteworthy risk factor for the occasion of obesity, as well as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is the independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For a long time, high-lipid diet (HLD) in “fast food” is turning into part of our everyday life. So, we were interested in fulfilling the paucity of studies by means of preliminary evaluation of these three alternative doses of HLD on a rat model and elucidating the possible mechanism of these effects and divulging the most alarming dose.MethodsThirty-two rats were taken, and of these, 24 were fed with HLD in three distinctive compositions of edible coconut oil and vanaspati ghee in a ratio of 2:3, 3:2 and 1:1 (n = 8), orally through gavage at a dose of 10 mL/kg body weight for a period of 28 days, whereas the other eight were selected to comprise the control group.ResultsAfter completion of the experiment, followed by analysis of data it was revealed that hyperlipidemia with increased liver and cardiac marker enzymes, are associated with hepatocellular injury and cardiac damage. The data also supported increased proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). As oxidative stress parameter increased in both liver and heart, there is also an increased in TNF-α due to an increased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, which led to a high production of NO. Moreover, HLD treatment explicitly weakens reasonability of hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes conceivably through G0/G1 or S stage capture or perhaps by means of enlistment of sub-G0/G1 DNA fragmentation and a sign of apoptosis.ConclusionsBased on the outcomes, it tends to be inferred that consequences of the present examination uncovered HLD in combination of 2:3 applies most encouraging systemic damage by reactive oxygen species generation and hyperlipidemia and necroapoptosis of the liver and heart. Hence, outcome of this study may help to formulate health care strategy and warns about the food habit in universal population regarding the use of hydrogenated and saturated fats (vanaspati ghee) in diet.

scholarly journals What Did We Accomplish in Fighting Radical Species in Human Health?

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Rachid Skouta
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Radical Species ◽  
Physiological Level

Maintaining the physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the body is highly important in the fight against radical species in the context of human health [...]

scholarly journals Vesicular Formation of Trans-Ferulic Acid: an Efficient Approach to Improve the Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Rezaeiroshan ◽  
Majid Saeedi ◽  
Katayoun Morteza-Semnani ◽  
Jafar Akbari ◽  
Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Production

Abstract Purposes Reactive oxygen species production is harmful to human’s health. The presence of antioxidants in the body may help to diminish reactive oxygen species. Trans-ferulic acid is a good antioxidant, but its low water solubility excludes its utilization. The study aims to explore whether a vesicular drug delivery could be a way to overcome the poor absorption of trans-ferulic acid hence improving its antimicrobial efficiency and antioxidant effect. Methods Niosomal vesicles containing the drug were prepared by film hydration method. The obtained vesicles were investigated in terms of morphology, size, entrapment efficiency, release behavior, cellular cytotoxicity, antioxidant, cellular protection study, and antimicrobial evaluations. Results The optimized niosomal formulation had a particle size of 158.7 nm and entrapment efficiency of 21.64%. The results showed that the optimized formulation containing 25 μM of trans-ferulic acid could enhance the viability of human foreskin fibroblast HFF cell line against reactive oxygen species production. The minimum effective dose of the plain drug and the niosomal formulation against Staphylococcus aurous (ATCC 29213) was 750 µg/mL and 375 µg/mL, respectively, and for Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), it was 750 µg/mL and 187/5 µg/mL, respectively. The formulation could also improve the minimum bactericidal concentration of the drug in Staphylococcus aurous, Escherichia coli, and Acinobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606). Conclusion These results revealed an improvement in both antibacterial and antioxidant effects of the drug in the niosomal formulation.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Effects of Biguanides on Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Pecinova ◽  
Zdenek Drahota ◽  
Jana Kovalcikova ◽  
Nikola Kovarova ◽  
Petr Pecina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Production ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Species Production

Metformin is widely prescribed as a first-choice antihyperglycemic drug for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and recent epidemiological studies showed its utility also in cancer therapy. Although it is in use since the 1970s, its molecular target, either for antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action, remains elusive. However, the body of the research on metformin effect oscillates around mitochondrial metabolism, including the function of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) apparatus. In this study, we focused on direct inhibitory mechanism of biguanides (metformin and phenformin) on OXPHOS complexes and its functional impact, using the model of isolated brown adipose tissue mitochondria. We demonstrate that biguanides nonspecifically target the activities of all respiratory chain dehydrogenases (mitochondrial NADH, succinate, and glycerophosphate dehydrogenases), but only at very high concentrations (10−2–10−1 M) that highly exceed cellular concentrations observed during the treatment. In addition, these concentrations of biguanides also trigger burst of reactive oxygen species production which, in combination with pleiotropic OXPHOS inhibition, can be toxic for the organism. We conclude that the beneficial effect of biguanides should probably be associated with subtler mechanism, different from the generalized inhibition of the respiratory chain.

scholarly journals Novel Antioxidant Properties of Doxycycline

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahn Clemens ◽  
Michael Duryee ◽  
Cleofes Sarmiento ◽  
Andrew Chiou ◽  
Jacob McGowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Adducts ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Free System

Doxycycline (DOX), a derivative of tetracycline, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that exhibits a number of therapeutic activities in addition to its antibacterial properties. For example, DOX has been used in the management of a number of diseases characterized by chronic inflammation. One potential mechanism by which DOX inhibits the progression of these diseases is by reducing oxidative stress, thereby inhibiting subsequent lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that DOX directly scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibits the formation of redox-mediated malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) protein adducts. Using a cell-free system, we demonstrated that DOX scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the formation of MAA-adducts and inhibits the formation of MAA-protein adducts. To determine whether DOX scavenges specific ROS, we examined the ability of DOX to directly scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we found that DOX directly scavenged superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide. Additionally, we found that DOX inhibits MAA-induced activation of Nrf2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor. Together, these findings demonstrate the under-recognized direct antioxidant property of DOX that may help to explain its therapeutic potential in the treatment of conditions characterized by chronic inflammation and increased oxidative stress.

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