scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Makrozoobentos Sungai Lowatag Minahasa Tenggara Sulawesi Utara

Jurnal MIPA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Reinaldo E. Karuh ◽  
Ratna Siahaan ◽  
Marina F.O Singkoh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
River Ecosystem ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Sungai memiliki peranan penting dalam kehidupan manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya. Makrozoobentos menempati habitat di dasar sungai. Keanekaragaman makrozoobentos berperan penting pada ekosistem sungai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos Sungai Lowatag berdasarkan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener (H’). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive random sampling di sepanjang Sungai Lowatag. Stasiun penelitian sejumlah tiga stasiun yaitu hulu, tengah dan hilir dengan ulangan di tiap stasiun berjumlah tiga kali ulangan. Makrozoobentos yang ditemukan di Sungai Lowatag memiliki kelimpahan total sebanyak 1.115 individu (35 taksa). Kelimpahan makrozoobentos di Stasiun I, II, dan III berturut-turut yaitu 26,37%, 44,39 % dan 29,24%. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon (H’) dari Stasiun I, II dan III berturut-turut yaitu 2,97; 2,69; dan 2,61. Nilai H’ untuk Sungai Lowatag yaitu 2, 94Rivers have important role for humans and wildlife. Macrozoobenthos occupies habitat at the bottom of the rivers. Biodiversity of macrozoobentos is important in river ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze biodiversity of macrozoobenthos of Lowatag River based on the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H’). This study used a purposive random sampling method along Lowatag River. There were three research stations, namely upstream, middle and downstream with three replications each station. Macrozoobenthos found in the Lowatag River have total abundance of 1,115 individuals (35 taxa). The abundance of macrozoobenthos at Station I, II, and III were 26.37%, 44.39% and 29.24% respectively. The Shannon Diversity Index (H ') values of Station I, II and III respectively were 2.97; 2.69; and 2.61. The H’ value of Lowatag River was 2. 94

scholarly journals Tingkat Pencemaran Berdasarkan Saprobitas Plankton di Perairan Pelabuhan Benoa, Kota Denpasar, Provinsi Bali

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Eva Damayanti ◽  
I Wayan Gede Astawa Karang ◽  
Elok Faiqoh
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Saprobic Index ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Index Value

Plankton is organism that susceptible to environmental changes that used as indicator of environmental pollution by saprobic index because plankton has important role in affecting the water primary productivity. The research about plankton saprobic in Benoa Harbour is never done before. The aim of this research is to explain the structure of community and the level of plankton saprobic at Benoa Harbour. This research using random sampling method for determine the station. The result explained that there was 17 species of plankton in the waters of Benoa Harbor from two classes such as Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceae on phytoplankton and from five classes such as Magnoliopsida, Malacostraca, Maxillopoda, Globothalamea and Hexanauplia on zooplankton. The total abundance of plankton ranges from 1.117.172 Individual / Liter- 1.626.163 Individual / Liter. The zooplankton diversity index in the waters of Benoa Harbor ranges from 1.06 to 1.58 and phytoplankton ranges from 1.02 to 155. This indicates that the value of diversity in all observation stations is categorized into low biodiversity. Zooplankton evenness index value in the waters of Benoa Harbor ranged from 0.73-0.88 and phytoplankton ranged from 0.71-0.96. This indicates that the index of evenness is relatively high. The dominant value of zooplankton in the waters of Benoa Harbor ranges from 0.24-0.43 and phytoplankton ranged from 0.22-0.41. This indicates that the dominance is relatively low. Saprobik Index (SI) value ranges from 1.0-1.6 and Tropic Saprobic Index (TSI) ranges from 1.76-1.96. This indicates that the waters of Benoa Harbour is categorized mild contaminated conditions until not contaminated.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Genus Serangga Air sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Perairan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Manap Trianto ◽  
Nuraini Nuraini ◽  
Sukmawati Sukmawati ◽  
Moh Dahri Kisman
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Aquatic Insects ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract:  Aquatic insects are groups of insects that most of their life in the water body. Aquatic insects are part of macrozoobenthos. Aquatic insects are very important roles in the ecological system due to various reasons. Insects are bio-indicators of water in water bodies such as rivers. The aims of the study were to determine the diversity and the potential roles of aquatic insects in the Kali Batu Anyar ecosystem. The research method used purposive random sampling method. The sampling of the data was conducted by Surber nets. The samples obtained were identified and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index. The result consist of 6 Orders, 10 Families and 4 Genus were founded. According to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of (H'), the diversity of aquatic insects in the upper Kali Batu Anyar was higher than the bottom part of the river with value of H’ was 3,6. By using SIGNAL 2 grade, Order Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera were grouped to be very sensitive and a sensitive insect therefore those can be used as indicator for water quality. It can be concluded that Kali Batu Anyar was in good water conditions.Abstrak: Serangga air merupakan kelompok serangga yang sebagian hidupnya berada di badan air. Serangga air termasuk dalam makrozoobentos. Serangga air sangat penting dalam sistem ekologi karena berbagai alasan. Serangga air adalah bioindikator dalam badan air seperti sungai. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan potensi peranan serangga air di ekosistem. Peneltian menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan jaring Surber. Sampel yang diperoleh diidentifikasi dan dianalisis menggunakan indeks Shanon Wiener. Serangga air yang diperoleh di kelompokan pada 6 Ordo terbagi dari 10 Famili dan 4 Genus. Indeks keanekaragaman Shanon-Wiener H’ : 3,6 menunjukan keanekaragaman serangga air yang tinggi di hulu kali Batu Anyar tinggi. Berdasarkan SIGNAL 2 grade, serangga air anggota Ordo Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera dan Coleoptera yang ditemukan bersifat sangat sensitif dan sensitif dapat digunakan sebagai indikator kualitas air. Kali Batu Anyar dalam kondisi perairan yang baik.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN PESTISIDA NABATI MENGENDALIKAN HAMA-HAMA PADI MERAH (Oryza nivara L.) DI DUSUN SOPORARU, TAPANULI UTARA, SUMATERA UTARA

AGRIFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ameilia Zuliyanti Siregar ◽  
Tulus Tulus ◽  
Kemala Sari Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Richness Index

Locally specific Natabo brown rice was identified in Pangaribuan Subdistrict, North Tapanuli, where the attack of stem borer, brown planthoppers, leafhoppers and stink bugs affects rice productivity. The alternative step to control pests in a biological used by biology pesticides to increase productivity and food security. This research was conducted for eight months during March to October 2020, with a survey stage, inventory of pests in the fields using the purposive random sampling method in Soporaru backwoods, Sigotom Julu Village, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli. The application of biology pesticides consists of 5 treatments, namely: B0 (Control, without application); BP1 (neem leaves, galangal, lemongrass, detergent, water); BP2 (soursop leaves, galangal rhizome, garlic, detergent, water); BP3 (soursop leaves, detergent, water) and BP4 (kenikir leaves, marigold flowers, Zinnia flowers). The composition of insects consist of 8 order, 26 familes, totalpopulation were 1.080 individuals.The calculation of the Margallef species richness index (Rp=7.25; Rc=7.15), the Evenness evenness index (Ep= 0.62; Ec=0.57) and the Shannon Wiener diversity index (Hp'= 2.38; Hc’=2.12). The parameters of temperature, humidity, rainfall) are calculated. The use of biology pesticides has strategic potential in controlling the dominant pests of rice in the future.

scholarly journals Plankton Biodiversity in The Burai River of Ogan Ilir District, Sumatera Selatan

Biota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Awalul Fatiqin
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
High Category ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Main Material

The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of plankton in the Ogan Ilir regency of South Sumatra. Samples were obtained using a purposive random sampling method with plankton as the main material for measuring abundance and the Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (H), Simpson Dominance Index (C), and plankton abundance index. The results of the study obtained six classes consisting of 15 genera of plankton including Fragielaria, Synedra, Eunotia, Diatom, Fustulia, Oedogonium, Gonium, Chaetophora, Microspora, Allona, Neuplius, Lyngbya, Spirulina, Cyclotella and Dismidium. Diversity value at point 1 (1.75) with medium category, point 2 (3.5) with high category, point 3 (0.75) with the medium category. The diversity value of three points is known to be low in population.

scholarly journals Keanekaragaman Jenis Lichen di Kota Semarang

Life Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husna Mafaza ◽  
Murningsih Murningsih ◽  
Jumari Jumari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The City ◽  
Swietenia Mahagoni

Lichen is often used as a bioindicator of air pollution in an area because it is sensitive to pollution. The morphological structure of lichen that does not have a cuticle, stomata, and absorptive organ, forces lichens to survive under the stress of pollutants found in the air. The sensitivity of lichen to air pollution can be seen through changes in diversity. The purpose of this study was to examine the diversity of species of lichens, to assess the environmental conditions and shade trees as habitat for lichens in the city of Semarang. The research was conducted from October to November 2017 using the purposive random sampling method. Sampling was conducted at three research stations, namely: Mangkang Terminal, Simpang Lima Area, and Undalang Tembalang Campus. Based on the results of research at the three observation stations, 18 lichen species were obtained, 13 species were identified and 5 species were not identified. Lichen obtained as many as 8 families, namely Arthoniaceae, Caloplacaceae, Physciaceae, Graphidaceae, Lecanoraceae, Lecidellaceae, Leprariaceae and Parmeliaceae. These types of lichen belong to the talus group foliose and crustose. The shade tree that is most overgrown with lichens is mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index values in the three research stations were: Terminal Mangkang (1.88), Simpang Lima Region (2.95), and Undip Tembalang Campus (3.71). The highest number of species and number of individuals is at the Undip Tembalang Campus, with a total of 17 species and 295 individuals lichen. Dirinaria spp. is the most found species in all three research stations.   Lichen sering dipakai sebagai bioindikator pencemaran udara di suatu daerah karena sifatnya yang sensitif terhadap polusi. Struktur morfologi lichen yang tidak memiliki lapisan kutikula, stomata, dan organ absorptif, memaksa lichen untuk bertahan hidup di bawah cekaman polutan yang terdapat di udara. Sensitivitas lichen terhadap pencemaran udara dapat dilihat melalui perubahan keanekaragamannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman jenis lichen, mengkaji kondisi lingkungan dan pohon peneduh sebagai habitat lichen di Kota Semarang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober hingga November 2017 menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Sampling dilakukan di tiga stasiun penelitian, yakni: Terminal Mangkang, Kawasan Simpang Lima, dan Kampus Undip Tembalang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian di ketiga stasiun pengamatan, diperoleh 18 spesies lichen, 13 spesies berhasil diidentifikasi dan 5 spesies belum teridentifikasi. Lichen yang diperoleh sebanyak 8 famili yakni Arthoniaceae, Caloplacaceae, Physciaceae, Graphidaceae, Lecanoraceae, Lecidellaceae, Leprariaceae dan Parmeliaceae. Jenis lichen tersebut termasuk dalam kelompok talus foliose dan crustose. Pohon peneduh yang paling banyak ditumbuhi lichen adalah mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener di ketiga stasiun penelitian yaitu: Terminal Mangkang (1,88), Kawasan Simpang Lima (2,95), dan Kampus Undip Tembalang (3,71). Jumlah jenis dan jumlah individu tertinggi terdapat di Kampus Undip Tembalang, dengan total 17 spesies dan 295 individu lichen. Dirinaria spp. merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan di ketiga stasiun penelitian.

scholarly journals On a Variational Definition for the Jensen-Shannon Symmetrization of Distances Based on the Information Radius

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Frank Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Variational Optimization ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Concept Of Information ◽  
Jensen Shannon Divergence

We generalize the Jensen-Shannon divergence and the Jensen-Shannon diversity index by considering a variational definition with respect to a generic mean, thereby extending the notion of Sibson’s information radius. The variational definition applies to any arbitrary distance and yields a new way to define a Jensen-Shannon symmetrization of distances. When the variational optimization is further constrained to belong to prescribed families of probability measures, we get relative Jensen-Shannon divergences and their equivalent Jensen-Shannon symmetrizations of distances that generalize the concept of information projections. Finally, we touch upon applications of these variational Jensen-Shannon divergences and diversity indices to clustering and quantization tasks of probability measures, including statistical mixtures.

scholarly journals Species richness and diversity in shrub savanna using ordinary kriging

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 958-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Pedro Bernardina Batista ◽  
José Márcio de Mello ◽  
Marcel Régis Raimundo ◽  
Henrique Ferraço Scolforo ◽  
Aliny Aparecida dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Ordinary Kriging ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Spatial Models ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Species Richness And Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species

Abstract: The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution and the behavior of species richness and diversity in a shrub savanna fragment, in 2003 and 2014, using ordinary kriging, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. In both evaluation years, the measurements were performed in a fragment with 236.85 hectares, in which individual trees were measured and identified across 40 plots (1,000 m2). Species richness was determined by the total number of species in each plot, and diversity by the Shannon diversity index. For the variogram study, spatial models were fitted and selected. Then, ordinary kriging was applied and the spatial distribution of the assessed variables was described. A strong spatial dependence was observed between species richness and diversity by the Shannon diversity index (<25% spatial dependence degree). Areas of low and high species diversity and richness were found in the shrub savanna fragment. Spatial distribution behavior shows relative stability regarding the number of species and the Shannon diversity index in the evaluated years.

scholarly journals A checklist of gilled mushrooms (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) with diversity analysis in Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 8272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girish Gogoi ◽  
Vipin Parkash
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Simpson Diversity Index ◽  
Richness Index

<p>Hollongapar Gibbon Wildlife Sanctuary is comprised of five distinct compartments.  A total of 138 species of gilled mushrooms belonging to 48 genera, 23 families, five orders of the class Agaricomycetes, division Basidiomycota, have been collected and analyzed. The order Agaricales was was found with the highest number of species (113), followed by Russulales (14), Polyporales (5), Cantharellales (4) and Boletales (2). The species <em>Coprinellus disseminatus </em>and <em>Megacollybia rodmani</em> have shown the highest (8.26) and the lowest density (0.05), respectively.  A total of 24 species, e.g., <em>Termitomyces albuminosus, Marasmius curreyi, Marasmiellus candidus, Leucocoprinus medioflavus, Mycena leaiana, Hygrocybe miniata, Collybia chrysoropha, Gymnopus confluens</em> were common with frequency percentage of 11.9, whereas <em>Megacollybia rodmani</em> with less frequency percentage (2.4) was found only in few quadrates of the sanctuary.  The highly abundant species were <em>Termitomyces medius</em> (91.7) and <em>Coprinellus disseminatus </em>(86.8), and less abundant species were <em>Psilocybe wayanadensis</em> (1.0) and <em>Lepiota</em> sp. (1.0) in the study site.  The order of the species richness index (<em>R</em>) compartment wise was 2&gt;3&gt;4&gt;5&gt;1. Both the Shannon diversity index and Simpson diversity index of agarics was maximum (1.88, 0.98) in compartment 2, whereas minimum (1.72, 0.95) in compartment 1 and 5, respectively.  Moreover, the compartment 2 was found very much similar with compartment 3 and very less similar with compartment 1.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Modeling Soil Erosion and Landscape Metric Analysis of River Catchments in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumayyah Aimi Mohd Najib
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

To determine the soil erosion in ungauged catchments, the author used 2 methods: Universal Soil Loss Equation model and sampling data. Sampling data were used to verify and validate data from model. Changing land use due to human activities will affect soil erosion. Land use has changed significantly during the last century in Pulau Pinang. The main rapid changes are related to agriculture, settlement, and urbanization. Because soil erosion depends on surface runoff, which is regulated by the structure of land use and brought about through changes in slope length, land-use changes are one of many factors influencing land degradation caused by erosion. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was used to estimate past soil erosion based on land uses from 1974 to 2012. Results indicated a significant increase in three land-use categories: forestry, built-up areas, and agriculture. Another method to evaluate land use changes in this study was by using landscape metrics analysis. The mean patch size of built-up area and forest increased, while agriculture land use decreased from 48.82 patches in 1974 to 22.46 patches in 2012. Soil erosion increased from an estimated 110.18 ton/km2/year in 1974 to an estimated 122.44 ton/km2/year in 2012. Soil erosion is highly related (R2 = 0.97) to the Shannon Diversity Index, which describes the diversity in land-use composition in river basins. The Shannon Diversity Index also increased between 1974 and 2012. The findings from this study can be used for future reference and for ungauged catchment research studies.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI TALAWAAN MINAHASA UTARA, SULAWESI UTARA

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Mentari Maith ◽  
Sendy Rondonuwu ◽  
Adelfia Papu ◽  
Marina F.O. Singkoh
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Bottom Waters ◽  
Environmental Activities

ABSTRAK Makrozoobentos merupakan hewan makroinvertebrata yang menetap di dasar perairan baik sesil, merayap maupun menggali lubang. Beberapa alasan menjadikan makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator adalah makrozoobentos relatif diam di dasar perairan sehingga terdedah oleh air, pendedahan yang terus menerus menyebabkan makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan lingkungan dan perubahan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi keanekaragamannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di Sungai Talawaan. Lokasi penelitian terletak di Sungai Talawaan, Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Purposive Random Sampling dengan menggunakan alat jaring surber. Total individu yang didapatkan dari 3 stasiun sebanyak 191 individu dengan jumlah ordo sebanyak 6 yang terdiri dari 14 genus. Genus makrozoobentos yang paling banyak ditemukan pada ke 3 stasiun yaitu Ephemeroptera, Tricoptera dan Coleoptera. Nilai total ke 3 Stasiun termasuk pada kelompok tercemar ringan dengan Indeks keanekaragaman > 2,0 yaitu 2,01. Kata Kunci: Makrozoobentos, Sungai Talawaan, Indeks Keanekaragaman, Minahasa Utara-Sulawesi Utara.   DIVERSITY MACROZOOBENTHOS IN TALAWAAN RIVER NORTH MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACT Macrozoobenthos is macroinvertebrate animals that live in the waters of both sessile base, edging and dig a hole. Several reasons make macrozoobenthos bioindicator is macrozoobenthos relatively silent in the bottom waters that were exposed by the water, continuous exposure causes macrozoobenthos influenced by environmental activities and these change may affect biodiversity. This study aims to analyze the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the River Talawaan. Location of the study lies in Talawaan River, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi. The study used Purposive Random Sampling method by using a surber net. Total individuals who come from 3 to as many 191 individual station with the order many as 6 which consists of 14 gems. Genus macrozoobenthos most commonly found at all 3 station are Ephemeroptera, Tricoptera and Coleoptera. The total value of all 3 stations included in the group of lightly contaminated with diversity index > 2,0 is 2,01. Keywords: Macrozoobenthos, River Talawaan, Diversity index, North Minahasa-North Sulawesi.

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