scholarly journals ANALISIS TOTAL FENOLIK DAUN GEDI HIJAU (Abelmoschus manihot L.) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SPEKTROSKOPI FTIR DAN KEMOMETRIK

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 758
Author(s):  
Jhon D. Rumoroy ◽  
Sri Sudewi ◽  
Jainer P. Siampa
Keyword(s):  
Standard Error ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Error Calibration

ABSTRACTNatural phenolic compounds, including organic compounds, is the natural substances that produced by organisms. This study aims to determine the total phenol content and optimization using the FTIR method for rapid phenols analysis. Gallic acid was used as a comparison standard to measure the total phenol content using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The calorimetric method was used to determine the total Phenolic content of the Green Gedi Leaf extracts in 8 samples of growing sites, namely Minahasa 855.8 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.033, Southeast Minahasa 283.7 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.006, Manado 580.2 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.012, North Minahasa 716.2 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.091, Kotamobagu 793 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.03, Minahasa Selatan 290.6 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.027, Bitung 365.6 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.035, Tomohon as much as 546.5 µg GEA / g extract ± 0.003. This result involves a combination of variables x (FTIR measurement results) and y variables (data from the analysis of Folin-Ciocalteu). Error value (standard error calibration (SEC = 0.003), standard error of prediction (SEP = 0.042)) and calibration r value 0.999 and r validation 0.98. Keywords: Green Gedi Leaves, UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Kemometrics, Phenol Total, FTIR Spectrophotometry.ABSTRAK Senyawa fenolik alam termasuk senyawa organik bahan alam yang dihasilkan oleh organisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fenol total Daun Gedi Hijau dan optimasi menggunakan metode FTIR untuk analisis fenolsecara cepat. Asam  galat digunakan standar pembanding dalam mengukur kandungan total fenol menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Metode kemometrik digunakan untuk mengetahui kandungan Total Fenolik pada ekstrak Daun Gedi Hijau pada 8 sampel tempat tumbuh yaitu Minahasa 855,8 µg GEA/g  ekstrak ± 0,033, Minahasa Tenggara 283,7 µg GEA/g  ektrak ± 0,006, Manado 580,2 µg GEA/g  ekstrak ± 0,012, Minahasa Utara 716,2 µg GEA/g  ekstrak ± 0,091, Kotamobagu 793 µg GEA/g  ekstrak ± 0,03, Minahasa Selatan 290,6 µg GEA/g  ekstrak ± 0,027, Bitung 365,6 µg GEA/g  ekstrak ± 0.035, Tomohon sebesar 546,5 µg GEA/g  ekstrak ± 0,003. Hasil ini melibatkan kombinasi variable x (hasil pengukuran FTIR) dan variable y (data hasil analisis Folin-Ciocalteu). Nilai kesalahan (standard error calibration (SEC = 0.003), standard error of prediction (SEP = 0.042)) dan nilai r kalibrasi 0,999 serta  r validasi 0,98. Kata Kunci: Daun Gedi Hijau, Spektrofotometer UV-Vis, Kemometrik, Total Fenol, Spektrofotometri FTIR.

Research on Food Manufacturing with Effect and Comparison of Microwave and Traditional Cooking Processing on Antioxidant Function of Lotus Root

2014 ◽  
Vol 1056 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Yun Long Zhu ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Jing Jing Zhu ◽  
Yang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Power ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Cooking Method ◽  
Lotus Root

Purpose: In view of the lotus root has significant antioxidant properties but if improperly cooked easily destroyed, compared with traditional cooking method, and discusses the applicability of microwave processing and establish the optimum processing conditions. Method: By setting different microwave power and heating time, handling fresh-cut lotus root vacuum packaging products with microwave, measured flavonoids, total phenolic content and DPPH clearance, and synchronization researched the traditional cook methods cooking, steaming and stir-frying, comprehensive comparison the antioxidant effect of all kinds of processed products. Results: ①Under following conditions microwave power ≥60 P, processing time≤6min, flavonoids and total phenol content were high, DPPH clearance was bigger also. ②Cooking 6min,water volume between 500-1000mL, flavonoids and total phenol contents was high, but change with the further increased water volume, the contents decrease, DPPH clearance was relatively stable, when confirmed water volume 1500mL, cooking 2-4min, flavonoids content slightly ascending, then changed into degressive changes, the change of DPPH clearance was similar. Total phenol content was decrease progressively along with extending of the cooking time. ③Handing under steaming 15min, three index of the products were high voltage products > atmospheric products, the latter's steamed time should be less than 20 min. ④Making products in oil capacity 25mL or less 3 min, with the increase of oil capacity, flavonoids, total phenolic content and DPPH clearance were progressive increase. ⑤Lotus root food antioxidant activity: steamed food < cooked food < microwave food < fried food. Conclusion: In protecting lotus root antioxidant health care function in different cropping system, microwave is a kind of superior to boiling, steaming, and pressure cooking method and second only to oil fry.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Potensi Antioksidan Oleoresin Daun Kari dalam Emulsi Minyak Nabati setelah Pemanasan

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 947-953
Author(s):  
Darmawati Darmawati ◽  
Novi Safriani ◽  
Novia Mehra Erfiza
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Curry Leaves

Abstrak. Oleoresin daun kari mengandung senyawa polifenol yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan lamanya pemanasan terhadap kandungan total fenol oleoresin daun kari di dalam emulsi minyak jagung dan stabilitas minyak jagung terhadap pemanasan yang dilihat dari spektra FTIR. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial, terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu suhu pemanasan (T) dan lama pemanasan (W). Suhu pemanasan (T) terdiri dari 3 taraf, yaitu: T1=120oC, T2=150oC, T3=180oC. Lama pemanasan (W) terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu: W1=15 menit, W2=30 menit, W3=45 menit dan W4=60 menit. Perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Parameter yang dianalisis yaitu kandungan total fenol dan identifikasi gugus fungsi dengan metode FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu pemanasan dan lama pemanasan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P ≤ 0,01) terhadap kandungan total fenol oleoresin daun kari dalam emulsi minyak jagung. Semakin tinggi suhu pemanasan, kandungan total fenol semakin menurun yaitu dari 120oC ke 180oC, nilai total fenol menurun dari 0,157 menjadi 0,124 mg GAE/ml sampel. Semakin lama pemanasan, kandungan total fenol semakin menurun yaitu dari 15 menit ke 60 menit, nilai total fenol menurun dari 0,171 menjadi 0,112 mgGAE/ml sampel. Penambahan oleoresin daun kari dalam emulsi minyak jagung dapat mempengaruhi laju oksidasi asam lemak tidak jenuh, terlihat dari puncak pada panjang gelombang 3007 cm-1 yang mempunyai intensitas berbeda. Abstract. Curry leaves oleoresin contains polyphenol compounds as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of heating temperature and time on the total phenolic content of curry leaves oleoresin in the corn oil emulsion and the stability of corn oil after heating that could be seen from FTIR spectra. The research was conducted using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisted of two factors. The first factor was heating temperature (T1=120oC, T2=150oC, T3=180oC). The second factor was heating time (W1=15 minutes, W2=30 minutes, W3=45 minutes and W4=60 minutes). The treatment was repeated 3 times. The analyzed parameters were total phenol content and identification of organic compounds with the FTIR. The results showed that the heating temperature and time had significant effects (P ≤ 0.01) on the total phenolic content of curry leaves oleoresin in corn oil emulsion. As the heating temperature increased, the total phenol content decreased. From 120oC to 180oC, the total phenols decreased from 0.157 to 0.124 mgGAE / ml sample. As heating time increased, the total phenol content decreased. From 15 minutes to 60 minutes, the total phenol decreased from 0.171 to 0.112 mgGAE/ml sample. The addition of curry leaves oleoresin in corn oil emulsion affected the rate of unsaturated fatty acids oxidation. It can be seen from the peak at a wavelength of 3007 cm-1 which had a different intensity.

scholarly journals Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Peel, Pulp and Seed Extracts of Different Clones of the Turkish Grape Cultivar ‘Karaerik’

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2154
Author(s):  
Muhammed Kupe ◽  
Neva Karatas ◽  
Mehmet Settar Unal ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Mojmir Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Seed Extracts

The Erzincan plain is one of the richest regions in Turkey in terms of plant biodiversity. In this region, the famous grape cultivar ‘Karaerik’ has always dominated grape production due to its berry characteristics. The cultivar shows great morphological variation at clonal level. In this study, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of peel, pulp and seed extracts of nine ‘Karaerik’ clones sampled from same location were investigated. The Folin–Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content of peel, pulp and seed extracts of nine clones. To determine antioxidant activity, three well known assays such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate), FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) and TEAC (Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) were used. In addition, the correlation between total phenol content and DPPH, FRAP and TEAC was determined. Results showed that among the tissues, seed samples in berries of all clones had the highest total phenol content and antioxidant activity determined by three assays. Seed samples were followed by peel and pulp for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Among the nine ‘Karaerik’ clones, Clone 8 had the highest total phenolic content (149 mg GAE/100 g FW) while Clone 3 had the lowest (111 mg GAE/100 g FW). Peel, pulp and seed samples of nine ‘Karaerik’ clones showed strong antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays. In particular, grape seeds were found rich for better in phenolic compounds including gallic acid, quercetin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. Clones such as 7, 8 and 9 higher antioxidant activity may present great potential for grape breeders and the food industry as well as health-conscious consumers.

scholarly journals Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Caulerpa filiformis (Chlorophyta) from Sechura Bay and Paracas Bay, Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 061-066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Mamani ◽  
Jorge Chávez ◽  
Eder Apumayta ◽  
Patricia Gil-Kodaka
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
The North

In Peru, Caulerpa filiformis is a marine algae listed as an invasive species. For years, its distribution has been considered to be in the north coast (Isla Lobos de Afuera and Piura) until a recent report of its distribution in the central coast (Ancash, Lima, and Ica). The present investigation aims to determine the main groups of secondary metabolites, total phenol content, and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of C. filiformis from Sechura Bay (Piura) and Paracas Bay (Ica). The main chemical groups were determined through phytochemical screening, the content of phenols by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity by the ABTS method (2,2-azinobis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The phytochemical screening of the methanolic extract of C. filiformis from Sechura Bay and Paracas Bay revealed the presence of carbohydrates, polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, lipids, alkaloids, steroids, and triterpenes for both extracts. The total phenol content of the extract of C. filiformis from Sechura Bay (39.31 ± 0.39 mg of AGE/g extract) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that from Paracas Bay (18.78 ± 0.31 mg of AGE/g extract). In the ABTS and DPPH assays, the antioxidant capacity of the Sechura C. filiformis extract (IC50 = 3.49 ± 0.01 and 2.18 ± 0.02 mg/mL) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the Paracas C. filiformis extract (IC50 = 6.41 ± 0.02 and 2.42 ± 0.04 mg /mL). These findings suggest that the methanolic extract of C. filiformis is a source of secondary metabolites with an antioxidant potential.

scholarly journals Prediction of Total Phenolic Content in Extracts of Prunella Species from HPLC Profiles by Multivariate Calibration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saliha Sahin ◽  
Esra Isik ◽  
Cevdet Demir
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Multivariate Calibration ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Hplc Profiles

The multivariate calibration methods—principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares (PLSs)—were employed for the prediction of total phenol contents of four Prunella species. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric approaches were used to determine the total phenol content of the Prunella samples. Several preprocessing techniques such as smoothing, normalization, and column centering were employed to extract the chemically relevant information from the data after alignment with correlation optimized warping (COW). The importance of the preprocessing was investigated by calculating the root mean square error (RMSE) for the calibration set of the total phenol content of Prunella samples. The models developed based on the preprocessed data were able to predict the total phenol content with a precision comparable to that of the reference of the Folin-Ciocalteu method. PLS model seems preferable, because of its predictive and describing abilities and good interpretability of the contribution of compounds to the total phenol content. Multivariate calibration methods were constructed to model the total phenol content of the Prunella samples from the HPLC profiles and indicate peaks responsible for the total phenol content successfully.

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties of Rubus discolor leaf extracts

2016 ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivona Velickovic ◽  
Slavica Grujic ◽  
Petar Marin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Dry Extract

In this work were examined aqueous, methanol, ethanol and acetone leaf extracts of Rubus discolor, wild growing blackberry, for their antioxidant properties and total phenol and flavonoid content. The total phenol content (TPC) varried from 250.05 to 446.61 mg GAE/g of dry extract, while total flavonoid content (TFC) was in range between 22.44 and 61.15 mg QE/g of dry extract. Aqueous extracts were the richest in phenols, as well as in flavonoids. In vitro antioxidant capacity of leaf extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging procedures and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) assay. Aqueous extracts were the most effective through all antioxidant tests. The total phenol content highly correlated with antioxidant activity of extracts. Moreover, weak correlation was established between total phenol and total flavonoid content. The results presented in this work indicate that phenol compounds contribute to antioxidant ability of extracts.

Antioxidant Capacity and Polyphenolic Content of Eucommia Ulmoides Oliv Leaf Extract

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 1349-1352
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Wang ◽  
Dong Min Liu ◽  
Yong Le Liu ◽  
Chi Ling Li ◽  
Yuan Yuan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Dpph Method

This study was designed to determine the polyphenolic contents of Eucommia ulmoicles Oliv leaf extracts and evaluate their antioxidant activities in vitro. All the extracts were evaluated for their radical scavenging activity by the DPPH method and their oxidative-retarding efficiency in vegetable oils. It was observed that the highest values were found in 70% MeOH extracts for total phenolic content as gallic acid. A good correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenol content in the extracts was found. The extraction yield, total phenol content and radical scavenging activity were increased and peroxide formation in vegetable oils were decreased with the graded solvent concentration of MeOH. The phenolic compound yield ranged from 2.45 to 11.35% and the total phenol content increased from 34.51 mg/g to 47.68 mg/g. DPPH scavenging activity increased from 56.32% to 90.37% as MeOH concentration increased. Compared to the control (70.45 meq/kg), 70% MeOH fraction with 47.68 mg/g phenolic compounds shows much stronger antioxidant ability (30.12 meq/kg) in vegetable oil system.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KORELASI ANTARA KANDUNGAN FENOL TOTAL DENGAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI Abelmoschus manihot L. TERHADAP Escherichia coli

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Bella Kambey ◽  
Sri Sudewi ◽  
Imam Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Nutrient Broth ◽  
Total Phenol ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Phenol Content

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the total phenol content and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and the correlation of antibacterial activity with the total phonel content of the extract and the fraction of Abemoschus manihot L. against Escherichia coli. Gallic acid was used as a comparison standard in measuring the total phenol content using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The total phenolic conten of gedi leaf extract and fraction from Southeast Minahasa were ethanol extract 230.23 ± 0.008 µg GAE / g, n-hexane fraction 238.37 ± 0,024 µg GAE / g, ethyl acetade fraction 269.77 ± 0.016 µg GAE / g, and ethanol fraction 221.51 µg GAE / g. The extracts and fractions were tested for antibacterial activity against E. coli  by dilution method using Nutrient Broth (NB) media at concentrations of 1000 µg / mL,500 µg / mL, and 250 µg / mL. MBC test data (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) were analyzed using Kolmogrov-smirnov, then continued with pearson correlation test. The result of the normality test showed that the extract and the A.manihot fraction had significantly distributed normal vlue (p> 0.05). Analysis Correlation of Pearson of extracts and fraction of A. manihot with antibacterial activity against E.coli showed significant result (p <0.05). 71% of antibacterial activity is influenced by total phenolic and the rest is contribution of other compounds that have the potential as antibacterial. Keywords: Phenol Total, Correlation, Escherichia coli, Green Gedi ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fenol total dan Kadar Bunuh Minimum (KBM) serta korelasi aktivitas antibakteri dengan kandungan fenol total ekstrak dan fraksi Abelmoschus manihot L. terhadap Escherichia coli. Asam galat digunakan sebagai standar pembanding dalam mengukur kandungan fenol total menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Kandungan total fenolik pada ekstrak dan fraksi daun gedi hijau dari Minahasa Tenggara yaitu ekstrak etanol sebesar 230,23 ± 0,008 µg GAE/g, fraksi n-heksan 238,37 ± 0,024 µg GAE/g, fraksi etil asetat 269,77 ± 0,016 µg GAE/g, dan fraksi etanol 221,51 µg GAE/g. Ekstrak dan fraksi diuji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E.coli dengan metode dilusi menggunakan media Nutrient Broth (NB) pada konsentrasi 1000 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, dan 250 µg/mL. Data uji KBM (Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum) dianalisis menggunakan Kolmogrov-smirnov, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji korelasi pearson. Hasil uji normalitas menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak dan fraksi A.manihot memiliki nilai signifikan terdistribusi normal (p > 0,05). Analisis korelasi pearson ekstrak dan fraksi A.manihot dengan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E.coli  menunjukkan hasil signifikan (p <0,05). 71% aktivitas antibakteri dipengaruhi oleh fenolik total dan sisanya merupakan kontribusi senyawa lain yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Kata kunci : Fenol Total, Korelasi, Escherichia coli, Gedi Hijau

scholarly journals Total phenolic content and antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of medicinal plants from the State’s Cocó Park (Fortaleza-CE, Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e7510514493
Author(s):  
Selene Maia de Morais ◽  
Francisco Flávio da Silva Lopes ◽  
Gilson Araújo Fontenele ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Victor Borges Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
The City

The State’s Cocó Park in the city of Fortaleza-CE present mainly a mangrove flora and include landscape and medicinal plants. The aim of this study is determining the total phenol content, antioxidant activity against the free radical DPPH and the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in ethanolic extracts of 30 medicinal plants and thus assess which plants have potential against Alzheimer's Disease.  The plants rich in phenolic compounds with amounts ranging from 297.46 ± 26.94 to 599.30 ± 17.08 mg GAE/g plant extract, which showed greater antioxidant activities (with IC50 against DPPH radical from 3.44 ± 0.16 to 3.73 ± 0.12 µg mL-1) and higher acetylcholinesterase inhibiting power (IC50 < 20 μg mL-1) were Anacardium occidentale, Ceiba pentandraLaguncularia racemosa, Mangifera indica, Myracrodrum urundeuva and Terminalia catappa. Then, these species and their constituents are recommended for more specific studies related to Alzheimer´s Disease.

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