scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RICE STARCH AND CORN STARCH BASED BIODEGRADABLE BIOPLASTIC USING VARIOUS PLASTICIZERS AND NATURAL REINFORCING FILLERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 867-881
Author(s):  
ARIFA SHAFQAT ◽  
ARIFA TAHIR ◽  
WAHEED ULLAH KHAN ◽  
ADEEL MAHMOOD ◽  
GHULAM HASSAN ABBASI
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Rice Hulls ◽  
Reinforcing Fillers ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Sources

The present study focuses on testing the potential of starch from two different sources: corn and rice, to produce bioplastics, and the impact of natural agricultural waste materials (eggshells and rice hulls) as fillers. Bioplastic samples with different starches, plasticizers and amounts of fillers, in varying combinations, were prepared to determine the feasibility of the produced bioplastics. The physico-chemical properties of the bioplastics, such as moisture content, water absorption, water and alcohol solubility, biodegradability, tensile strength and Young’s modulus, were investigated. FT-IR analysis was also performed. The RTV silicone coating of the samples was tested to induce hydrophobic properties to water-soluble bioplastics. This study demonstrated that the utilization of starches from different sources, various types of plasticizers, as well as filler types and amounts, can have a significant impact on the physico-chemical properties of the bioplastics. Moreover, the bioplastics produced are safe for the environment and biodegradable, so starch-based bioplastics can be a promising environmentally friendly alternative to harmful petroleum-based plastics.

Amorphous and Crystalline Particulates: Challenges and Perspectives in Drug Delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Al-Obaidi ◽  
Mridul Majumder ◽  
Fiza Bari
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Amorphous Form ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Amorphous Drug

Crystalline and amorphous dispersions have been the focus of academic and industrial research due to their potential role in formulating poorly water-soluble drugs. This review looks at the progress made starting with crystalline carriers in the form of eutectics moving towards more complex crystalline mixtures. It also covers using glassy polymers to maintain the drug as amorphous exhibiting higher energy and entropy. However, the amorphous form tends to recrystallize on storage, which limits the benefits of this approach. Specific interactions between the drug and the polymer may retard this spontaneous conversion of the amorphous drug. Some studies have shown that it is possible to maintain the drug in the amorphous form for extended periods of time. For the drug and the polymer to form a stable mixture they have to be miscible on a molecular basis. Another form of solid dispersions is pharmaceutical co-crystals, for which research has focused on understanding the chemistry, crystal engineering and physico-chemical properties. USFDA has issued a guidance in April 2013 suggesting that the co-crystals as a pharmaceutical product may be a reality; but just not yet! While some of the research is still oriented towards application of these carriers, understanding the mechanism by which drug-carrier miscibility occurs is also covered. Within this context is the use of thermodynamic models such as Flory-Huggins model with some examples of studies used to predict miscibility.

scholarly journals The Impact of Filler Geometry on Polylactic Acid-Based Sustainable Polymer Composites

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Karol Leluk ◽  
Stanisław Frąckowiak ◽  
Joanna Ludwiczak ◽  
Tomasz Rydzkowski ◽  
Vijay Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Matrix Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Shape Factors ◽  
Pure Cellulose ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Recently, biocomposites have emerged as materials of great interest to the scientists and industry around the globe. Among various polymers, polylactic acid (PLA) is a popular matrix material with high potential for advanced applications. Various particulate materials and nanoparticles have been used as the filler in PLA based matrix. One of the extensively studied filler is cellulose. However, cellulose fibres, due to their hydrophilic nature, are difficult to blend with a hydrophobic polymer matrix. This leads to agglomeration and creates voids, reducing the mechanical strength of the resulting composite. Moreover, the role of the various forms of pure cellulose and its particle shape factors has not been analyzed in most of the current literature. Therefore, in this work, materials of various shapes and shape factors were selected as fillers for the production of polymer composites using Polylactic acid as a matrix to fill this knowledge gap. In particular, pure cellulose fibres (three types with different elongation coefficient) and two mineral nanocomponents: precipitated calcium carbonate and montmorillonite were used. The composites were prepared by a melt blending process using two different levels of fillers: 5% and 30%. Then, the analysis of their thermomechanical and physico-chemical properties was carried out. The obtained results were presented graphically and discussed in terms of their shape and degree of filling.

scholarly journals Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Non-Waxy Paddy Rice Starch in Niigata Prefecture

1969 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humio KURASAWA ◽  
Yoshiaki KANAUTI ◽  
Isao YAMAMOTO ◽  
Toshiro HAYAKAWA ◽  
Ikuo IGAUE
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Niigata Prefecture ◽  
Physico Chemical

Effect of annealing on the physico-chemical properties of rice starch and the quality of rice noodles

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Wang ◽  
Congnan Zhang ◽  
Zhengxing Chen ◽  
Xiaopei Wang ◽  
Kang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals Effects of Paint Industry Effluent on Soil Productivity

1970 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
YN Jolly ◽  
A Islam ◽  
SB Quraishi ◽  
AI Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Paint Industry ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
The Impact

The impact of various dilutions (2.5, 5, 10, 25 and 50%) of paint industry effluent on physico-chemical properties of soil and the germination, growth and dry matter productions of corn (Zea mays L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been studied. The effluent was acidic and had low BOD and COD values because of its low content of suspended solid. It contained high concentration of calcium, medium concentrations of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, sulphate, chloride and low concentrations of phosphorus, magnesium and bicarbonate. The trace element like Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were measured in the μg L-1 level. On irrigation of soil with the effluent an increase in the water soluble salts, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, nitrogen, phosphorus potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and iron contents of the soil for effluent concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10% were observed but all these parameters were found to decrease on treatment of the soil with the effluent concentration of 25% and above. The effluent of the lower concentrations (2.5, 5 and 10%) enhanced the growth of both crops. However, negative effects on seed germination, dry matter production and the yield of both crops were found for the effluent concentration of 25% and above. doi: 10.3329/jbas.v32i1.2441 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 32, No. 1, 41-53, 2008

scholarly journals Status and Speciation of Silicon and Its Interaction with Physico-Chemical Properties

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Isaiah Ufuoma Efenudu ◽  
Ehi Robert Orhue ◽  
Ogochukwu Jennifer Ikeh ◽  
Michael Aimiesomon Erhayimwen ◽  
Blessing James
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sequential Fractionation ◽  
Soil Redox ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Negative Effect

The effectiveness of three different extractants soil mixtures—HCl, HCl + H2S04, and DTPA-TEA, in order to determine Si from soil and the forms of Silicon as influenced by different parent materials under acidic medium. Seven forms of Silicon; namely water soluble, specifically adsorbed, oxides bound, organic matter bound, exchangeable, residual, total viz sequential fractionation. Extractable Si value established in this study was (50.0 mg kg-1), indicating negative effect on plant physiology. The physico-chemical properties decreased significantly with increase in soil depth vs soil parent materials. In addition, the forms of Si in the parent materials decreased in the pattern RES, bound residual fractions > EXC, soluble & exchangeable fractions > OM, organic matter fraction. Among the properties the silt fraction, pH & OM significantly and positively correlated with the forms of silicon, with negative correlation vs clay which maybe due to silicon adsorption by clayey fraction of the soil (redox). Therefore the soil maybe be maintained and conserved for farming activities.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Efficiency of Vermicompost Derived from Different Biowastes on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant Growth and Soil Health

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Aslam ◽  
Safdar Bashir ◽  
Waseem Hassan ◽  
Korkmaz Bellitürk ◽  
Niaz Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
The Impact

The present study was conducted to explore the role of different types of vermicomposts (VCs) prepared from different substrates to improve soil health (physical and chemical properties) and wheat plant growth under field conditions. Different combinations of vermicompost prepared from different substrates (cow dung, paper waste, and rice straw) and inorganic fertilizers were applied in soil using wheat as a test plant. The impact of three different VCs on physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient availability in soil was evaluated to examine their efficacy in combination with chemical fertilizers. Temporal trends in vermicomposting treatments at various stages showed significant improvement in physico-chemical attributes of the VCs substrates. All the plant physiological attributes showed significant response where N:P:K 100:50:50 kg ha−1 + 10 t ha−1 cow dung vermicompost was applied. In addition, post-harvest analysis of soil not only revealed that different combinations of the vermicomposting treatments improved the soil health by improving the physico-chemical attributes of the soil. Conclusively, application of cow dung vermicompost along with recommended NPK not only improved crop yield, soil health, reduced insect (aphid) infestation but also fortified grains with Zn and Fe.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ON SOIL EROSION PROCESSES AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON HILLY LANDSCAPE IN WESTERN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras JARAŠIŪNAS ◽  
Irena KINDERIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on soil erosion rates, surface evolution processes and physico-chemical properties on a moraine hilly topography in Lithuania. The soil of the experimental site is Bathihypogleyi – Eutric Albeluvisols (abe–gld–w) whose texture is a sandy loam. After a 27-year use of different land conservation systems, three critical slope segments (slightly eroded, active erosion and accumulation) were formed. Soil physical properties of the soil texture and particle sizes distribution were examined. Chemical properties analysed for were soil ph, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). We estimated the variation in thickness of the soil Ap horizon and soil physico-chemical properties prone to a sustained erosion process. During the study period (2010–2012) water erosion occurred under the grain– grass and grass–grain crop rotations, at rates of 1.38 and 0.11 m3 ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Soil exhumed due to erosion from elevated positions accumulated in the slope bottom. As a result, topographic transfiguration of hills and changes in soil properties occurred. However, the accumulation segments of slopes had significantly higher silt/clay ratios and SOC content. In the active erosion segments a lighter soil texture and lower soil ph were recorded. Only long-term grassland completely stopped soil erosion effects; therefore geomorphologic change and degradation of hills was estimated there as minimal.

scholarly journals MRI Relaxivity Changes of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Induced by Different Amino Acid Coatings

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Antal ◽  
Oliver Strbak ◽  
Iryna Khmara ◽  
Martina Koneracka ◽  
Martina Kubovcikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Dispersed Particles ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The One ◽  
Molecular Contrast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positively Charged

In this study, we analysed the physico-chemical properties of positively charged magnetic fluids consisting of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalised by different amino acids (AAs): glycine (Gly), lysine (Lys) and tryptophan (Trp), and the influence of AA–MNP complexes on the MRI relaxivity. We found that the AA coating affects the size of dispersed particles and isoelectric point, as well as the zeta potential of AA–MNPs differently, depending on the AA selected. Moreover, we showed that a change in hydrodynamic diameter results in a change to the relaxivity of AA–MNP complexes. On the one hand, we observed a decrease in the relaxivity values, r1 and r2, with an increase in hydrodynamic diameter (the relaxivity of r1 and r2 were comparable with commercially available contrast agents); on the other hand, we observed an increase in r2* value with an increase in hydrodynamic size. These findings provide an interesting preliminary look at the impact of AA coating on the relaxivity properties of AA–MNP complexes, with a specific application in molecular contrast imaging originating from magnetic nanoparticles and magnetic resonance techniques.

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