scholarly journals Requirements and Planning of Badliya Village for converting it into Smart Village Category in Banswara, Rajasthan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3S) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

India is developing country and around 67% population is lived in villages. Large mass of people are migrating from rural area to urban area due to scarcity of basic facilities in villages like schools, roads, hospitals, electricity, pure water, proper sewage system and hygienic conditions for better life. So it is need of the hour to identify the requirements of villages to converting it into smart village category for stopping the migration of rural population to urban area, as it will control the load of excessive population on urban cities. In this project Badliya village in Udaipur was selected for survey to make out the necessities and planning of different facilities according to requirements of village. This type of projects will be helpful for developing Smart Villages in India.

scholarly journals Mental Stress and Multiple Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases with Regional Variations in Women of Urban and Rural Areas of Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Urban Population

Introduction: The high prevalence of risk factors in women in developing countries of South Asia appears to have been translated into early and severe CHD in contrast to their counterpart in the first world nations, which has been related to obesity and insulin resistance and genetically determined increased lipoprotein Lp(a) levels. Mental stress due to urbanization, sedentary life style and physical inactivity may be the most important factor initiating obesity and the clustering of all other risk factors hypertension, dyslipidaemia and (WHR). These risk factors vary in different regions of South Asia. Aims and Objectives: Our aim of the study was to describe and analyse differences between the frequency of risk factors such as psychological stress due to, socio-economical aspects, life style especially physical activity, and health behaviours which may contribute in the course of CAD in women of both rural and urban areas of Pakistan because no such significant data is available in women with CAD. Study Design: This descriptive cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in Cardiology Department of Dow University of Health and Sciences Karachi, Pakistan, from March 2014 to March 2016 by filling a questionnaire and laboratory data. The study group comprised female subjects around 577 (Urban 347 {60.1%} and Rural 230 {39.9%}) women ranged from 25-65 years of age who underwent coronary angiography and had definite coronary atherosclerotic diseases. Our study was conducted by examining the psychological stress in women of both areas and its strength of association with frequency of other risk factors in female patients of urban and rural areas with definite CHD taking account the difference in age and education level into account. Result: Analysis of this study conducted at department of Cardiology in Dow University Karachi from March 2014 to March 2017 revealed that the women of rural area were comparatively more physically active then women of urban area. Prevalence of mental stress, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, higher BMI, hyperlipidaemia (especially TC) waist and hip circumference of both areas were found to be different after adjustment made for age. A considerable association was found between psychological stress and other factors in ischemic heart disease patients showing the p-value (p=0.043). Psychological stress was found 82% in both groups and (13%) women had no stress rated as normal more in rural (26%) vs (04%) in urban population. Physical inactivity in women with CHD was found in 92% urban in contrast to 45% in rural population, (p=0.009). Hypertension prevalence was more in urban 253 in comparison to 151 women in rural area. Diabetes Mellitus was also found more in urban than rural population, especially in age below 50, 79 (23%) urban vs 60 (26%) in rural population. Women beyond 50 years of age, 85 (24%) urban vs 64 (27%) rural area had prevalence of obesity comparatively higher in urban residents 71 (20%) than 44(%) in rural dwellers and 32 (9%) urban vs 16 (7%) in rural women in age range below 50 years. Higher waist circumstance was observed more in urban residents (4.8 cm) whereas BMI was more (1.8 unit) in women of rural area than urban women. Prevalence of smoking and nicotine chewing was relatively higher in urban population in below 50 years of age with 30 (09%) urban vs 13 (05%) in rural women and in age beyond 50, 11 (03%) urban vs 10 (04%) in rural women was witnessed. Average total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and LDL were found to be higher in urban compared to rural area residents and HDL was comparatively lower in urban area group. Mean cholesterol level was seen at average of 353 mg% in urban vs 223 mg% in rural population. Serum cortisol level showed significant variation in urban group 19.1 vs 14.2 in rural group (sample, as well as serum fibrinogen was raised more raised in urban population). Conclusion: Our study shows increased prevalence of mental stress and physical inactivity in female residents of urban area leading to Higher blood pressure, DM, dyslipidaemia and central obesity specially in Waist circumference than rural area. The mental stress induced by excessive demands of work at home and at working place with too little control is not unique to women of urban areas.

scholarly journals A comparative study of cardiovascular disease risk factors among urban and rural population South Indian city

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4623
Author(s):  
Syam Sundar Junapudi ◽  
B. Babu Rao
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Population Prevalence ◽  
Study Population

Background: Non-communicable diseases are major health burden in the industrialized countries, and are increasing rapidly in developing countries like India due to demographic transition and changing lifestyles among people. Major Non communicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases, renal, nervous and mental diseases, musculoskeletal conditions, chronic non-specific respiratory diseases, permanent results of accidents senility, blindness, cancers, diabetes, obesity and various other metabolic and degenerative diseases and chronic results of communicable diseases. The aims and objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of cardio vascular disease risk factors among the study population above 15 years age group and to compare the study results between urban and rural area population. Methods: A total of 1400 persons in the age group of above 15 years were interviewed at their residence and anthropometric measurements were taken. The study design was on community based cross-sectional study. The study setting was on urban health centre, Harazpenta and rural health centre, Patancheruvu. The study population was on adults above 15 years of age in Harazpenta and Patancheruvu. The sample size was 700 urban, 700 rural population. The study period was on April 2008 to May 2009 (1 year). The data collection was by using pre-designed, pretested questionnaire. The data analysis was by using MS office 2003, Epiinfo 2007. The statistical test was on rates, ratios, proportions and Chi-square tests. Results: Smoking habit was more (19.2%) among urban population when compare to the rural (13.4%) population, alcohol use was 24%, when compared to 30.7% was alcohol use in rural area. In urban area 13.7% of population led with sedentary life, where as in rural area 3.3% only. Among urban population prevalence of obesity was 12.7% compared to 5.4% in rural population, prevalence of hypertension in urban area 18.7% and rural area 20%, In urban area prevalence of diabetes was 14.4% and in rural area. Conclusions: Smoking habit was more (19.2%) among urban population when compare to the rural (13.4%) population, in urban area alcohol use was 24%, whereas in rural area 30.7%. In the study population 14.5% of urban males led a sedentary life style, when compared with 5.1% of males in the rural area. Among urban population prevalence of obesity was 12.7% compared to 5.4% in rural area.  

BETWEEN CITY AND VILLAGE: FOOD CONSUMPTION PRACTICES IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF THE UKRAINIAN INTELLIGENTSIA (THE LATE 19th – EARLY 20th CC.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Olga Kazakevych
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Social Stratum ◽  
Food Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Consumption Practices

The article is devoted to the food consumption practices of the Ukrainian-minded educated class during the late 19th – early 20th cc. It is based mainly on the memoirs and diaries. The author considers the fact that the intelligentsia was a relatively new social stratum which came into being by the middle of the 19th c. Most of its representatives, whether they were descendants of gentry or peasants, originated from the non-urban area. The Ukrainian-minded intellectuals maintained their connections with the countryside and its culture, spending their vacations in the rural area, hiring former peasants as cook-housekeepers etc. The author assumes that this was the main reason why the tastes and food habits of Ukrainian intelligentsia were to a large extent influenced by the traditional rural cuisine. It is clearly visible in the descriptions of the Christmas and Easter celebrations when mostly traditional dishes used to be cooked. Keeping a fast was also a common practice for both Orthodox rural population and the urban intelligentsia. As the author points out, meetings of the Ukrainian-minded intellectuals in Kyiv were usually accompanied by the feasts and banquets. At these banquets, the demonstration of hospitality and largess was highly important and the dishes of people’s cuisine (recognized as national and democratic) were especially popular. However, a new experience of consuming international food and drinks in the urban milieu progressively transformed tastes of the Ukrainian intelligentsia. Travelling abroad contributed significantly to the changing of domestic food practices. In general, the author comes to the conclusion that during the late 19th – early 20th cc. food consumption practices of the Ukrainian intelligentsia used to be a mixture of the Ukrainian gastronomic traditions and international (mostly European) cuisine. 

scholarly journals Distribution of heat-resistant Clostridium welchii in a rural area of Australia

1966 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross G. A. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Carrier Rate ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Communal Feeding ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

The incidence of heat-resistant Cl. welchii in selected classes of a rural population has been investigated. The carrier rate for the general population was low (l·5–6·0%), but persons associated with communal feeding and poor hygienic conditions were shown to have a much higher carrier rate (15·1–25%).Sex and season had little effect on the incidence of the organism, but among aboriginals the carriage was significantly affected by age. This was probably due to eating habits of the different age groups. The carriage appears to be transient; no persons were shown to be permanent carriers of one strain of heat-resistant Cl. welchii.

scholarly journals Authors Response: Clinical Differences Between Children With Asthma And Rhinitis In Rural And Urban Areas

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-48
Author(s):  
Jorde Sánchez ◽  
Andrés Sánchez ◽  
Ricardo Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Children With Asthma

Dear Editors: We greatly appreciate the interest shown in the article "Clinical differences between children with asthma and rhinitis in rural and urban areas", which we hope will be one of several future articles that we intend to carry out in the study cohort. To the questions generated by the reader, one is focused on the calculation of the sample size, while the other two questions are focus in the method of analysis, and the reader suggests, it could be more robust. Regarding the sample size, we describe that infant asthma in urban areas of Medellin was 11% and rhinitis 23%, according to previous studies. There is no data available for the rural area. We note that with a confidence level of 95%, a power of 80% and a sample size error of 0.5%, the sample size was calculated; estimating 201 children for the urban area and 128 for the rural area. Finally, we recruited and were able to continue for a year, a total of 248 children from the urban area and 134 from the rural area. The complaint of the reader, is focus that the more appropriated technique would be "… the appropriate sample size calculation must have been the difference of means between two independent populations, although the authors did not report any ACT effect size based on previous studies." First, we fully agree with the reader that for this type of design, the study lost power by the form of sample size calculation. We did not find studies with the urban and rural ACT tests in the studied population, which made it impossible to obtain these parameters to perform the sample size calculation by the technique "power two means" (difference of means of two independent groups). ). As we noted in the article, we do not have previous data in the rural population that allow us to infer the precise prevalence of asthma in this area; as we also noted in the article the prevalence in Colombia of asthma in the general urban population is 11%, there are also data that indicate that in the child population (less than 12 years) it is around 23%; if we work with these two prevalence where we assume that the highest in children is for the urban population and that possibly the lowest corresponds to what happens in the rural population 1 and assuming the parameters; alpha 0.05, power 0.80, delta 0.12 rural prevalence 0.11 vs. urban prevalence 0.23, a sample size of 306 is required; 153 for each group; in the urban area we had the availability of 201 children and in the rural area we made 128, which is close to the desired. Therefore we consider that we fulfill the expectation according to the mathematical formula used (chi-squared test comparing two independent proportions).

Perubahan Pemaknaan Peran Perempuan Muslim dalam Pengasuhan Anak di Pedesaan Kawasan Prambanan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muryanti Muryanti
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Rural Society ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Economic Reason ◽  
Domestic Worker

Muslim women worked in public sector in all variant jobs not only in urban area, but also in rural area phenomena. They had been doing it because of freedom, education, solidarity, or economic reason. When Muslim women worked in public sector, the new problems were appears, about care of children in the house as domestic work. These phenomenons were related to Indonesian’s culture and Islam perspective that believed the jobs of care of children was women burden. This article described about changing of meaning the role of Muslim women in the caring children. There were many institutions replaced care children, like day care etc. This article used qualitative research with observation and interview. The result of research, there were changing care of children in rural society. Before 2000, Muslim women were depend on family (extend family), neighbors, domestic worker, but in 2013, they prefered care of their children in the new institution (day care) because this institution gave early education to the child and save. But, majority Muslim women in this research believed that domestic works are their jobs.

scholarly journals Postharvest Burning of Crop Residues in Home Stoves in a Rural Site of Daejeon, Korea: Its Impact to Atmospheric Carbonaceous Aerosol

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Jin Sang Jung ◽  
Ji Hwan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosol ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Crop Residue Burning ◽  
The Impact

To investigate the impact of burning postharvest crop residues in home stoves, PM2.5 samples (particulate matter with a diameter of <2.5 μm) were collected every 3 h at a rural site in Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season in 2014. A high concentration of levoglucosan was observed with a peak value of 3.8 µg/m3 during the sampling period. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.18) at the rural site during a severe BB episode (levoglucosan > 1 μg/m3) was similar to burnings of pepper stems (0.19) and bean stems (0.18) whereas the average OC/levoglucosan ratio (9.9) was similar to burning of pepper stems (10.0), implying that the severe BB episode was mainly attributed to burning of pepper stems. A very strong correlation was observed between levoglucosan and organic carbon (OC) (R2 = 0.81) during the entire sampling period, suggesting that the emission of organic aerosols at the rural site was strongly associated with the burning of crop residues in home stoves. The average mannosan/levoglucosan ratio (0.17 ± 0.06) in the rural area was similar to that in a nearby urban area in Daejeon (0.16 ± 0.04). It was concluded that crop residue burning in a home stove for space heating is one of the important sources of carbonaceous aerosols not only in a rural area but also in the urban area of Daejeon, Korea during the postharvest season.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium hominis genotypes involved in increased incidence and clusters of cases, Navarra, Spain, 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. FUENTES ◽  
C. MARTÍN ◽  
X. BERISTAIN ◽  
A. MAZÓN ◽  
J. M. SAUGAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Exposure ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Molecular Subtyping ◽  
The Future

SUMMARYTwo clusters of confirmed cryptosporidiosis infections were detected in Navarra, Spain, in the summer of 2012, in the context of an increased incidence in the region. Molecular subtyping of Cryptosporidium hominis determined that one cluster, occurring in an urban area, was due to the predominant circulating subtype IbA10G2R2 and the other cluster, with cases occurring in a rural area, was due to a rare subtype IaA18R3. No single exposure was associated with infection, although exposure to certain children's pools was reported by a majority of patients interviewed in each cluster. Genotyping tools were useful in the investigation and could aid investigation of cryptosporidiosis outbreaks in Spain in the future.

scholarly journals Consumption Rates and Use Patterns of Firewood and Charcoal in Urban and Rural Communities in Yedashe Township, Myanmar

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zar Win ◽  
Nobuya Mizoue ◽  
Tetsuji Ota ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kajisa ◽  
Shigejiro Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Consumption Rates

There is concern over the environmental impact of charcoal use for cooking in urban areas; however, studies have mainly been limited to Africa and South Asia. This investigation aimed to evaluate woodfuel consumption rates and patterns in an urban area in Yedashe Township, Myanmar and compared them with results from a rural area in the same township. From interviews with 66 urban households, it was evident that firewood and charcoal consumption rates in the urban area were about one-third and one-fourth, respectively, of those in the rural area. These low consumption rates were because of multiple-fuel use (mainly woodfuel and electricity) in the urban area in contrast to single-fuel use in the rural area. We estimated the forest area required to meet woodfuel demand of the whole township to be 3738 ha; that could decrease by almost 40% (1592 ha) if the single-fuel use in the rural area switched to the multiple-fuel methods used in the urban area. This study confirms that urbanization with an “energy stack” in multiple-fuel use, rather than an “energy ladder” from firewood to charcoal, could largely reduce the environmental impact on forests.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON AWARENESS AND HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE IN RURALAND URBAN MEERUT

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
Harivansh Chopra ◽  
Tanveer Bano ◽  
Niharika Verma ◽  
Gargi Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Economics Of Health ◽  
Poverty Status ◽  
Rural And Urban Area

Universal Health Coverage aims to provide essential health services to all while providing protection from catastrophic expenditure on health. To mitigate the economics of health expenditure, health insurance is one of the important tool. Hence, this study was conducted to nd out the awareness and practice of health insurance coverage in rural and urban Meerut.90 households were studied in both rural and urban area. Awareness was higher in urban area but coverage was higher in rural area. Awareness and coverage were found to be signicantly associated with poverty status in rural area of Meerut.

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