scholarly journals Identification and Traceability of Spiritous Drinks based on UV-spectrometry and Conductometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Yury Belkin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Spectral Curve ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Express Method ◽  
Uv Spectrometry ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Different Types

This article is devoted to the identification and detection of adulterated alcoholic beverages on the example of brandy and vodka. According to different opinions, up to 40% of spiritous beverages turn out to be adulterated or counterfeit. Most commonly used to identify such adulteration analytical methods are either too expensive or time-demanding. The other important thing that there is no standard method developed for objective tracing of spirits to the level of a production lot. The paper proposes an express method for detecting adulterated alcoholic beverages based on the use of two analytical methods of different nature: conductometry and UV-spectrometry. The possibility of these methods’ joint use for identification of alcoholic beverages with the standard or by common features (non-signature identification) is proved by the usage of statistical methods on data got from analytical measurements and sensory evaluation of 171 drinks’ samples. The samples represent different countries of product origin, brands, ageing periods. Firstly we found out informative wavelength bands, spectral curve forms and conductivity limits for different types of drinks, both genuine and adulterated – adulteration was previously revealed by sensory test. Then, using k-means cluster analysis we developed typical spectra for 2 ‘styles’ of genuine brandies and adulterated brandies, for vodkas the same work was done using simpler statistical techniques (means and variation analysis). Finally, an algorithm for spiritous beverages identification and tracing is given. Additionally, changes in the values of the electrical conductivity and UV spectra during shelf life that do not affect the suitability of the proposed method were studied.

scholarly journals Mean Normalized Force Computation for Different Types of Obstacles due to Dam Break Using Statistical Techniques

Water ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasna Duricic ◽  
Tarkan Erdik ◽  
Ali Pektaş ◽  
Petrus van Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Dam Break ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Different Types

High-Z′ structures of organic molecules: their diversity and organizing principles

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Pratt Brock
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Local Symmetry ◽  
Molecular Conformations ◽  
Space Group ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Independent Molecules ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Careful Investigation ◽  
Organizing Principles

A list has been compiled of 284 well determined organic structures having more than four crystallographically independent molecules or formula units (i.e. Z′ > 4). Another 22 structures were rejected because the space group or unit cell was probably misassigned; the rate for that type of error is then only 7%. The space-group frequencies are unusual; half the structures are in Sohncke groups, partly because the fraction of enantiopure structures of resolvable enantiomers is higher than for lowerZ′ structures. Careful investigation of the 284 structures has shown that they are very diverse; no simple classification can describe them all. Organizing principles have, however, been recognized for almost all of them. The most common features are simple modulations and hydrogen-bonded aggregates; only 14% of the structures have neither. In 50% of the structuresnmolecules are related by a pseudotranslation that would be a crystallographic translation but for small molecular displacements and rotations. In 70% of the structures there are aggregates (e.g. n-mers, columns or layers) held together by strong intermolecular interactions; those aggregates usually have approximate local symmetry. Because then-fold modulations and then-mers often haven<Z′, 85% of the structures withZ′ > 5 have several features that combine to give the highZ′ value. The number of different molecular conformations is usually small,i.e.one or two in 84% of the structures. More exotic packing features, such as ordered faults and alternating layers of different types, are found inca30% of the structures. A very few structures are so complex that it is difficult to understand how the crystals could have formed.

Suitability of control materials. General principles and methods of investigation.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Bretaudiere ◽  
G Dumont ◽  
R Rej ◽  
M Bailly
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Candidate Quality

Abstract We propose methods for characterizing the behavior of quality-control specimens. Candidate quality-control specimens and authentic patients' specimens were analyzed by various methods. Patients' specimens were chosen to be fully representative of those encountered, including subsets from persons who were healthy, had defined disease states, were in therapy, or whose specimens were lipemic, icteric, etc. The analytical methods chosen include those most commonly used as well as reference analytical methods. Procedures for characterizing the behavior of patients' specimens and candidate quality-control specimens are proposed and their applicability is demonstrated. The linear ratio method is a univariate graphical approach in which differences in accuracy among methods for any specimen or group of specimens are each displayed on a linear scale. Correspondence analysis is a descriptive multivariate statistical technique that allows both the specimens and the analytical methods to be characterized. The statistical techniques, in our application, allow the behavior of quality-control specimens to be assessed with respect to authentic patients' specimens without influencing the assessment process. Correspondence analysis provides a graphic representation by projecting both the specimens and the analytical methods on factorial planes. The appropriateness of te behavior of a quality-control specimen may be inferred from its position relative to those of authentic patients' specimens. These statistical techniques also provide some information regarding the specificity of analytical methods.

scholarly journals Quinolone Antibacterials: Commentary and Considerations Regarding UV Spectra and Chemical Structure

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusu Aura ◽  
Imre Silvia ◽  
Mircia Eleonora ◽  
Hancu Gabriel
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Protonated Form ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Quinolone Derivatives

AbstractObjective: Antibacterial quinolones represent an important class of pharmaceutical compounds that are widely used in therapy. Analytical methods that rely on their property to absorb light in the UV range are commonly used for their analysis. In the current study we present an interpretation of the relationship between chemical structure – UV spectra based on the comparative examination of UV spectral behavior of the eighteen quinolone derivatives and four model compounds.Methods: Eighteen quinolone derivatives and four model compounds were selected and their UV spectra were recorded in different solvents (methanol, 0.1M HCl, 0.1M NaOH).Results: The studied compounds show three absorption maximum values located around 210-230 nm, 270-300 nm and 315-330 nm values. A general characteristic was observed as the absorption bands exhibited both hypsochrome and bathochrome shifts, by comparison in different solvents. Most commonly we observed a slight hypsochrome shift at acidic pH (protonated form prevails) and basic pH (anionic form prevails). The structural differences are reflected in changes of UV spectra only when there are auxochrom substituents or different basic substituents are present in the quinolones structure.Conclusions: The correlations between the chemical structure of quinolone derivatives and their UV spectra using model compounds were established. This study provides useful information that can be used successfully in various UV spectrophotometric analysis methods or in more complex analytical methods using UV detection, and also in pharmacodynamic and kinetic studies.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS OF SCHOOL SENIORS IN MOSCOW AND MOSCOW REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
N.I. Sheina ◽  
Z.A. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
School Students ◽  
Different Types

The prevalence of behavioral risk factors according to the survey of pupils of educational and biomedical classes in Moscow and the Moscow region. Tobacco and alcohol consumption is not common among the studied contingent of high school students. 9–11 % of pupils smoke every day, and 35–47 % have tried alcoholic beverages. No significant differences in the spread of harmful habits among schoolchildren of different types of training has been established.

scholarly journals The Power of Using Novel Nanopore Sequencing Technology for Diagnosis, Genomic and Pathological Studies of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 4014-4028
Author(s):  
Chenghao Du
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Nanopore Sequencing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sequencing Technology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sequencing Platforms

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), originally identified in December 2019 Wuhan, China, has propagated to worldwide pandemic, causing many cases of death and morbidity. Since the development of COVID-19 vaccines is still under experimental stages without public access, different types of testing and detection ensuring rapid and accurate results are urgently required to prevent delaying isolation of infected patients. The traditional diagnostic and analytical methods of COVID-19 relied heavily on nucleic acid and antibody-antigen methods but are subject to assembly bias, restricted by reading length, showed some false positive/negative results and had a long turnaround time. Hence, three styles of nanopore sequencing techniques as complementary tools for COVID-19 diagnosis and analysis are introduced. The long-read nanopore sequencing technology has been adopted in metagenomic and pathological studies of virosphere including SARS-CoV-2 recently by either metagenomically, directly or indirectly sequencing the viral genomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in real-time to detect infected specimens for early isolation and treatment, to investigate the transmission and evolutionary routes of SARS-CoV-2 as well as its pathogenicity and epidemiology. In this article, the Nanopore-Based Metagenomic Sequencing, Direct RNA Nanopore Sequencing (DRS), and Nanopore Targeted Sequencing (NTS) become the main focus of the novel COVID-19 detecting analytical methods in sequencing platforms, which are discussed in comparison with other traditional and popular diagnostic methods. Finally, different types of nanopore sequencing platforms that are developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) due to various purposes and demands in viral genomic research are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of alcohol consumption in general, and wine in particular, on the risk of cancer development: a review

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-832
Author(s):  
Pierre-Louis Teissedre ◽  
Zurine Rasines-Perea ◽  
Jean-Claude Ruf ◽  
Creina Stockley ◽  
Arina Oana Antoce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lifestyle Pattern ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Since 1988, alcohol has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, the highest level of risk, by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In fact, alcohol consumption is the third leading risk factor for disease and mortality in Europe. It accounts for 4.65 % of the global burden of both injury and disease, making it one of the most preventable causes of injury and death. Tissues in closest contact with alcohol when it is ingested, such as those of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus and larynx, have at greater risk of becoming cancerous than other body tissues. The consumption of alcohol is also associated with an increased risk of stomach, colon, rectum, liver, female breast and ovarian cancers. Conversely, recent studies suggest that red wine components inhibit colony formation of human breast cancer and esophageal carcinoma cells, suggesting that wine-derived phenolic compounds may be inhibitory, in contrast to the alcohol component of wine. Because of a lack of systematic studies dealing with the different types of cancer and alcoholic beverages and wine in particular, in this narrative review we summarize the general risk of cancer linked to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, including wine, according to type of cancer, with 140 extracted relevant references from 1966 to 2020. Mostly epidemiological studies concerning large cohorts have been selected. For the cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, liver, colorectum, breast cancer, pancreatic, prostate, an excessive consumption and/or misuse of alcoholic beverages is correlated with increased risk. Conversely a probable decreased risk has been found for renal/kidney cancers, as well as for Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as thyroid lymphomas, associated with the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. There is no evidence of ovarian, gastric, head and neck, and lung cancer being linked to the moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages. Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and many factors contribute to effects on health status, usually being both genetic and environmental. Habits (smoking, dietary/lifestyle pattern/ habits, physical activity), should also be taken into account when defining appropriate consumption frequencies for different types of alcoholic drink (wine, beer, spirits). Further research is needed related to wine consumption in the context of a healthy dietary and lifestyle pattern given health-promoting constituents of wine and its effects on cancer incidence.

scholarly journals Performance comparison and evaluation of vari-ous segmentation methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 663
Author(s):  
Vikashini Venkatesh ◽  
Praveen P U
Keyword(s):  
Time Complexity ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Normalized Cut ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Cut Method ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Watershed Method

Image segmentation is the most important method in the concept of image processing. It helps in analyzing the image accurately in many applications. It is generally used to assign or name, a label to individual pixels in an image, so that labels with similar name share common features. These related pixels result in same color, texture, or intensity. It also helps in identifying lines, curves and objects. These kinds of results help in different applications in the field of medical imaging, 3D constructions, etc. There are different kinds of segmentation methods already available for such applications. This paper briefs and compares three different types of segmentation methods like multithreshold method, watershed method and normalized cut method. It is compared based on computational time, complexity and number of clusters of the different methods used in the image.

scholarly journals Recovery after stroke: not so proportional after all?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M.H. Hope ◽  
Karl Friston ◽  
Cathy J. Price ◽  
Alex P. Leff ◽  
Pia Rotshtein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Subsequent Change ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fixed Proportion ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe proportional recovery rule asserts that most stroke survivors recover a fixed proportion of lost function. Reports that the rule can be used to predict recovery, extraordinarily accurately, are rapidly accumulating. Here, we show that the rule may not be as powerful as it seems.MethodsWe provide a formal analysis of the relationship between baseline scores (X), outcomes (Y) and recovery (Y-X), to highlight the shortcomings of the proportional recovery rule, and illustrate those problems with simulations in which synthetic recovery data are derived from different types of recovery processes.FindingsWhen the correlation between baseline scores and recovery is stronger than that between baselines scores and outcomes, the former can create an inflated impression of how predictable outcomes really are given baseline scores. This often happens when outcomes are less variable than baseline scores, as is common in empirical studies of recovery after stroke. Moreover, we cannot use the results of these correlations to distinguish proportional recovery from recovery which is either not consistently proportional, or not proportional at all.InterpretationAnalyses relating baseline scores to subsequent change are a minefield: our formal analysis applies as consistently outside the area of stroke as it does within it. One implication of our analysis is that the proportional recovery rule is not as predictive of real recovery after stroke as recent empirical studies suggest. Another is that different analytical methods will be required to ascertain whether recovery is even proportional at all.

Separation Testing of Hemodialysis Shunts Using Dynamic and Static Forces in a Controlled Environment

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1403
Author(s):  
George D Mack ◽  
William M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Longitudinal Dynamic ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Separation Force

Abstract Analytical methods are presented for determining the longitudinal dynamic and static forces needed to overcome the transverse frictional forces and effect the separation of hemodialysis shunt connections under controlled environmental conditions. Results for different types of shunts and their associated connectors are reported along with the factors that affect the separation force and separation times.

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