Durability Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete with Metakaolin and GGBS

This study consists of preparation of Geopolymer concrete mix with Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) which is followed by the usage of Metakaolin in replacement of GGBS with 5% variation from 0 to 25%. From previous researches on geopolymer concrete with GGBS, an optimized mix is selected and tested for durability behaviour. A 12 Molarity sodium hydroxide solution along with sodium silicate in the ratio of 1:2.5 is used as activator in this study. La Hypercrete S25 which belongs to the category of carboxylic is used as admixture for escalating the workability. Water absorption, Acid resistance, and Rapid Chloride Penetration (RCPT) are the durability tests performed on the specimens. The prepared specimens are water cured at room temperature for the required days in accordance with the codal guidelines and tested for durability. For water absorption test, concrete cylinders of 50mm dia and 100mm height are prepared. 100 mm size cube specimens prepared for acid resistance test. The specimens for RCPT include preparation of discs of 100 mm dia and 50 mm height. In all the test specimens, GGBS is replaced by Metakaolin. It is believed from the test results that geopolymer concrete with Metakaolin and GGBS performs well in durability aspects.

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Strength Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Metakaolin

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d1016.1284s219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4S2) ◽

pp. 64-67

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Compression Test ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Test Results ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Concrete Cylinders ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Flexure Test

In this study, geopolymer concrete is prepared by using 100% Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS). Then the GGBS is replaced by Metakaolin from 0 to 25% with the variation of 5% for preparing the specimens. The activator solution consists of Sodium hydroxide of 12 Molarity and sodium silicate in the ratio of 1: 2.5. 550kg/m3 of GGBS is used in this study. A carboxylic based admixture called La Hypercrete S25 is added in the mix by 1% of the weight of GGBS to increase the workability. The studies conducted on the specimens are compression test, split tensile test and flexure test. For conducting the compression test, 54 concrete cubes of size 100mm x 100mm x 100mm are cast for testing at 7, 14 and 28 days. For splitting tensile strength, 54 concrete cylinders with 100 mm dia and 200 mm height are cast for testing at 7, 14 and 28 days. The flexure test specimens are beams of 500 mm length and 100mm x 100mm in cross section are cast. These are 54 in numbers .Specimens are cast by replacing the GGBS by Metakaolin in 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. All the specimens are cured for 7, 14 and 28 days and tested for compression, split tensile and flexure. The test results reveal that the strengths are gradually increasing for 5, 10 and 15% replacement of GGBS by Metakaolin and give the highest value for 20% in all the tests. It also shows further increased replacements reduces the test values. It proves that geopolymer concrete performs well in strength properties with GGBS and Metakaolin.

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE CONTAINING SPENT GARNET AS REPLACEMENT FOR FINE AGGREGATE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v79.9957 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Habeeb Lateef Muttashar ◽

Mohd Warid Hussin ◽

Mohd Azreen Mohd Ariffin ◽

Jahangir Mirza ◽

Nor Hasanah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Problems ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Test Results ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

River Sand ◽

Conventional Concrete ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Furnace Slag

Millions of tons of spent garnet, a by-product of surface treatment operations, are disposed of in landfills, oceans, rivers, and quarries, among others every year, thus it causes environmental problems. The main objective of this study is to evaluate spent garnet as a sand replacement in concrete prepared with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS)-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC). Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% spent garnet as a replacement for river sand were prepared with a constant Liquid/Binder (L/B) mass ratio equal to 0.4. Compressive, flexural and splitting tensile strengths as well as workability tests (slump, L-box, U-box and T50) were conducted on concrete containing spent garnet. As per specification and guidelines for self-compacting concrete (EFNARC) standard, the test results showed that the concrete’s workability increased with the increase of spent garnet, while all the other strength values were consistently lower than conventional concrete (SCGC) at all stages of replacement. The results recommended that spent garnet should be used in concrete as a sand replacement up to 25% to reduce environmental problems, costs and the depletion of natural resources.

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Optimum Utilization of GGBS in Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete

10.29007/8g7b ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aanal Shah

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Alkaline Solutions ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Complete Replacement ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Optimum Utilization ◽

Furnace Slag

There have been increasing efforts in recent years to minimize the amount of cement used in concrete. Efforts at partial replacement have been successful and regulations have been promulgated to standardize and use such formulations. Research aimed at complete replacement of cement by activating industrial materials that are rich in silica and alumina with alkaline solutions is still on-going all over the world. The present study was aimed at complete elimination of cement through the development of a geopolymer concrete containing the mixture of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), activated by sodium based alkaline activators. The effect of replacing up to 50% fly ash by GGBS was considered. The strength parameters were studied for a mixture of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution having concentration 12M. The samples were cured under ambient conditions as well as in an oven at 60oC for 24 hours. Compressive and split tensile strengths of the samples were measured on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 28th, 56th and 90th days of casting. The cubes were also tested for durability parameters by ponding in NaCl and H2SO4 solution for 28 and 90 days. It was observed that replacing fly ash with 30% of GGBS gave the best results.

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Performance and Behaviour of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Imparted to Geopolymer Concrete Structural Elements and Analyzed with ANSYS

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/7023897 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maria Rajesh Antonyamaladhas ◽

Selvamony Chachithanantham ◽

Anandakumar Ramaswamy

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Hardened Concrete ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Test Results ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Mix Proportion ◽

Furnace Slag

This paper deals with the behaviour of geopolymer concrete using ground granulated blast furnace slag and steel fibre to compare with M40 grade cement concrete. The cast GPC specimens were placed in a hot curing chamber at 60∘C temperature for 24 hours and tested after 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of ambient curing to find the strength and durability of hardened concrete. The optimum value of compressive strength was attained at 12 Molarities. Fly ash was replaced by GGBS in GPC with different proportions such as 0% to 60% at 5% interval; the optimum strength value was obtained on 40% replacement. From the test results, the compressive, split-tensile, and flexural strength of GPC specimens were 20%, 43%, and 53% higher than those of the control specimens. Based on the optimum strength mix proportion, the structural elements were cast to investigate the stress-strain relations. The GPC beam and L-section showed 33% and 16% higher value. From the results of acid and sulphate resistance tests, it was found that the strength and weight ratio of GPC were higher than the control specimens. From the simulations, it was found that the experimental test results were approximately equal to the ANSYS.

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Phase Transformation of Kaolin-Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag from Geopolymerization to Sintering Process

Magnetochemistry ◽

10.3390/magnetochemistry7030032 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Noorina Hidayu Jamil ◽

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽

Faizul Che Pa ◽

Mohamad Hasmaliza ◽

Wan Mohd Arif W. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phase Transformation ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Curing Process ◽

Sintering Process ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Fluxing Agent ◽

Furnace Slag

The main objective of this research was to investigate the influence of curing temperature on the phase transformation, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the as-cured and sintered kaolin-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) geopolymer. The curing temperature was varied, giving four different conditions; namely: Room temperature, 40, 60, and 80 °C. The kaolin-GGBS geopolymer was prepared, with a mixture of NaOH (8 M) and sodium silicate. The samples were cured for 14 days and sintered afterwards using the same sintering profile for all of the samples. The sintered kaolin-GGBS geopolymer that underwent the curing process at the temperature of 60 °C featured the highest strength value: 8.90 MPa, and a densified microstructure, compared with the other samples. The contribution of the Na2O in the geopolymerization process was as a self-fluxing agent for the production of the geopolymer ceramic at low temperatures.

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Microstructure Features of Ternary Alkali-activated Binder Based on Tungsten Mining Waste, Slag and Metakaolin

KnE Engineering ◽

10.18502/keg.v5i4.6810 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Naim Sedira ◽

João Castro-Gomes

Keyword(s):

Sodium Silicate ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Mining Waste ◽

Dense Matrix ◽

Microstructural Properties ◽

Reaction Products ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Alkaline Activator ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Alkali Activated

This study determines the effect of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and metakaolin (MK) on the microstructural properties of the tungsten mining waste-based alkali-activated binder (TMWM). During this investigation, TMWM was partially replaced with 10 wt.% GGBFS and 10 wt.% MK to improve the microstructure of the binder. In order to understand the effect of the substitutions on the microstructure, two pastes were produced to make a comparative study between the sample contain 100% TMWM and the ternary precursors. Both precursors were activated using a combination of alkaline activator solutions (sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide) with the ratio of 1:3 (66.6 wt.% sodium silicate combined with 33.33 wt.% of NaOH 8M). The alkali-activated mixes were cured in oven at temperature of 60 °C in the first day and at room temperature for the next 27 days. The reaction products N-A-S-H gel and (N,M)-A-S-H gel resulted from the alkaline activation reaction process. In addition, a formation of natrite (Na2CO3) with needles shape occurred as a reaction product of the fluorescence phenomena. However, a dense matrix resulted from the alkline activation of the ternary precursors containg different gels such as N-A-S-H, C-A-S-H and (N,M)-C-A-S-H gel, these results were obtained through SEM-EDS analyses, as well FTIR tests. Keywords: Mining Waste, Alkali-activated, Microstructure, Slag, Metakaolin

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Effect of fine recycled aggregates on the properties of non-cement blended materials

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/202032301018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 323 ◽

pp. 01018

Author(s):

Wei-Ting Lin ◽

Lukáš Fiala ◽

An Cheng ◽

Michaela Petříková

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Interface Structure ◽

Strength Test ◽

Recycled Aggregates ◽

Test Results ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Fine Aggregates ◽

Compressive Strength Test ◽

Furnace Slag

In this study, the different proportions of co-fired fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag were used to fully replace the cement as non-cement blended materials in a fixed water-cement ratio. The recycled fine aggregates were replaced with natural fine aggregates as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The flowability, compressive strength, water absorption and scanning electron microscope observations were used as the engineered indices by adding different proportions of recycled fine aggregates. The test results indicated that the fluidity cannot be measured normally due to the increase in the proportion of recycled fine aggregates due to its higher absorbability. In the compressive strength test, the compressive strength decreased accordingly as the recycled fine aggregates increased due to the interface structure and the performance of recycled aggregates. The fine aggregates and other blended materials had poor cementation properties, resulting in a tendency for their compressive strength to decrease. However, the compressive strength can be controlled above 35 MPa of the green non-cement blended materials containing 20% recycled aggregates.

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Effect of Na2SiO3/Naoh on the Compressive Strength of Inorganic Polymer Concrete Mixed with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) At Ambient Condition

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.a4844.129219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 1222-1228

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Ambient Condition ◽

Polymer Concrete ◽

Geopolymer Concrete ◽

Split Tensile Strength ◽

Standard Size ◽

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽

Furnace Slag

This paper aims to investigate the influence of alkaline activators solution i.e, Na2SiO3 / NaOH on compressive strength of geopolymer concrete mixed with Ground Granulated Blast furnace slag (GGBS) for constant molarity 8 M. The ratio of alkali to binder ratio is taken as 0.5 and the ratio of Na2SiO3 / NaOH is 2.5. The geopolymer mix is based on pervious sutdies. As per Indian standard size moulds for the cube, cylinder and prism are cast, cured and tested.The specimens were tested for fresh concrete properties such as slump cone test and hardened properties such as compressive strength for cubes, split tensile strength for cylinders and flexural strength for prism different days of curing under ambient temperature. Also, a microstructural study is done by using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) for the tested sample. It is found from the test results that, with the aid of alumino-silicate solution, early strength is achieved by geopolymer concrete within 7 days under ambient condition due to the presence of ground granulated slag.

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Perbandingan Karakteristik Plastik Biodegradable dari Biji Durian menggunakan Filler Kalsium Silikat dan Kalsium Karbonat

Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan ◽

10.33795/jtkl.v5i1.197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 22

Author(s):

S. Sigit Udjiana ◽

Sigit Hadiantoro ◽

Noor Isnaini Azkiya

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Smooth Surface ◽

Biodegradable Plastics ◽

Test Results ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Water Absorption Test ◽

Carbonate Filler ◽

Durian Seed

Pada penelitian ini biji durian digunakan sebagai sumber pati dalam pembuatan plastik biodegradable. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan jumlah filler terhadap sifat biodegradable, sifat mekanik dan sifat water absorbtion pada plastik biodegradable berbasis pati biji buah durian. Plasticizer yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sorbitol 40%, sedangkan filler yang digunakan adalah Kalsium silikat (Ca2SiO4) dan Kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dengan variable konsentrasi 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8%. Dari hasil penelitian, diperoleh % yield dari pati biji buah durian sebesar 34,57%. Hasil dari plastik biodegradable terbaik dengan karakteristik transparan, tidak ada gelembung, lentur serta permukaan yang halus diperoleh pada variabel penambahan filler kalsium karbonat 4%. Hasil uji bio-degradasi paling mendekati standard ASTM D6400 diperoleh pada variabel kalsium karbonat 2%. Pada Uji water absorption hasil terbaik dicapai pada variabel kalsium silikat 8%. Uji tarik hasil terbaik diperoleh pada variabel kalsium silikat 6%.In this study, durian seeds were used as a source of starch in making biodegradable plastics. This study aims to determine the effect of the type and amount of filler on biodegradable properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption properties of biodegradable plastics based on durian fruit starch. The plasticizer used in this study was sorbitol 40%, while the filler used was Calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with variable concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%.. From the research results, the% yield of durian seed starch was 34.57%. The results of the best biodegradable plastic with the characteristics of transparent, no bubbles, flexible and smooth surface were obtained with the addition of 4% calcium carbonate filler variables. The bio-degradation test results closest to the ASTM D6400 standard were obtained in the 2% calcium carbonate variable. In the water absorption test, the best results were achieved at the 8% calcium silicate variable. The best tensile test results were obtained in the 6% calcium silicate variable.

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