scholarly journals Design and Implementation of an RGB LED Matrix Display for Embedded Applications

This project presents the design and implementation of an 8-bit microcontroller based RGB LED matrix display (4 rows × 8 columns). A driving algorithm for RGB LED matrix was also implemented to show colorful shapes, patterns and pictures. It is similar to the common LED matrix display but with the ability to show various colors. RGB LED is an element that emits the three primary colors (Red, Green and Blue) separately. Thus, we can obtain any color we want by mixing these primary colors together in particular ratios. Using such kind of LED allows to use a new technique in designing that the pixel in common colorful matrix display consists of three separate LEDs (Red, Green and Blue) but now by using RGB LED we reduce the number of LEDs which make the resolution much better and also make the design of matrix less complicated. The work is divided into two main parts; first part is to design a circuit to control a single RGB LED manually using 555 IC, second part which is the main part is to design an array of RGB LEDs with a control circuit using a microcontroller. Proposed design has many advantages like; simple and low cost. Besides, Duty cycle used in the driving algorithm is less than 10% and that reduces the power consumption which is considered as an extra advantage of the project.

Generally, in hospitals the dental chair can be operated forward/backward or upward/downward according to the treatment for the patients which is operated by human. Sometimes the chair will not function properly due to piston rust and over weighted patient and the dentist may have pain in the legs due to continuous operation of the chair. To overcome these issues, planning to design a voice recognition dental chair for the doctors in hospitals. This project describes the design of a smart, motorized, voice controlled dental chair. The voice command is given by the dentist/human, sensor recognizes the voice and sends the command to the Arduino. This voice command is converted to string and it is responsible for movement of chair. The intelligent dental chair is designed in such a way that it can be controlled easily by the doctor and has an advantage is the low cost design. This system was designed and developed to avoid wasting the energy and time of the doctor


2003 ◽  
Vol 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E Free

This paper discusses the techniques that are available for characterising circuit materials at microwave and millimetre wave frequencies. In particular, the paper focuses on a new technique for measuring the loss tangent of substrates at mm-wave frequencies using a circular resonant cavity. The benefits of the new technique are that it is simple, low cost, capable of good accuracy and has the potential to work at high mm-wave frequencies.


Author(s):  
Avtandil kyzy Ya

Abstract: This paper highlights similarities and different features of the category of kinesics “hand gestures”, its frequency usage and acceptance by different individuals in two different cultures. This study shows its similarities, differences and importance of the gestures, for people in both cultures. Consequently, kinesics study was mentioned as a main part of body language. As indicated in the article, the study kinesics was not presented in the Kyrgyz culture well enough, though Kyrgyz people use hand gestures a lot in their everyday life. The research paper begins with the common definition of hand gestures as a part of body language, several handshake categories like: the finger squeeze, the limp fish, the two-handed handshake were explained by several statements in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Furthermore, this article includes definitions and some idioms containing hand, shake, squeeze according to the Oxford and Academic Dictionary to show readers the figurative meanings of these common words. The current study was based on the books of writers Allan and Barbara Pease “The definite book of body language” 2004, Romana Lefevre “Rude hand gestures of the world”2011 etc. Key words: kinesics, body language, gestures, acoustics, applause, paralanguage, non-verbal communication, finger squeeze, perceptions, facial expressions. Аннотация. Бул макалада вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы”, алардын эки башка маданиятта колдонулушу, айырмачылыгы жана окшош жактары каралган. Макаланын максаты болуп “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” мааниси, айырмасы жана эки маданиятта колдонулушу эсептелет. Ошону менен бирге, вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “кинесика” илими каралган. Берилген макалада кѳрсѳтүлгѳндѳй, “кинесика” илими кыргыз маданиятында толугу менен изилденген эмес, ошого карабастан “кинесика” илиминин бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы” кыргыз элинин маданиятында кѳп колдонулат. Андан тышкары, “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” бир нече түрү, англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде ма- селен аркылуу берилген.Тѳмѳнкү изилдѳѳ ишин жазууда чет элдик жазуучулардын эмгектери колдонулду. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: кинесика, жандоо кыймылы, акустика,кол чабуулар, паралингвистика, вербалдык эмес баарлашуу,кол кысуу,кабыл алуу сезими. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются сходства и различия “жестикуляции” и частота ее использования, в американской и кыргызской культурах. Следовательно, здесь было упомянуто понятие “кинесика” как основная часть языка тела. Как указано в статье, “кинесика” не была представлена в кыргызской культуре достаточно хорошо, хотя кыргызский народ часто использует жестикуляцию в повседневной жизни. Исследовательская работа начинается с общего определения “жестикуляции” как части языка тела и несколько категорий жестикуляции, таких как: сжатие пальца, слабое рукопожатие, рукопожатие двумя руками, были объяснены несколькими примерами на английском и кыргызском языках. Кроме того, эта статья включает определения слов “рука”, “рукопожатие”, “сжатие” и некоторые идиомы, содержащие данных слов согласно Оксфордскому и Академическому словарю, чтобы показать читателям их образное значение. Данное исследование было основано на книгах писателей Аллана и Барбары Пиз «Определенная книга языка тела» 2004 года, Романа Лефевра «Грубые жестикуляции мира» 2011 года и т.д. Ключевые слова: кинесика, язык жестов, жесты, акустика, аплодисменты, паралингвистика, невербальная коммуникация, сжатие пальца, чувство восприятия, выражение лиц.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Jae-Woo Kim ◽  
Dong-Seong Kim ◽  
Seung-Hwan Kim ◽  
Sang-Moon Shin

A quad, small form-factor pluggable 28 Gbps optical transceiver design scheme is proposed. It is capable of transmitting 50 Gbps of data up to a distance of 40 km using modulation signals with a level-four pulse-amplitude. The proposed scheme is designed using a combination of electro-absorption-modulated lasers, transmitter optical sub-assembly, low-cost positive-intrinsic-native photodiodes, and receiver optical sub-assembly to achieve standard performance and low cost. Moreover, the hardware and firmware design schemes to implement the optical transceiver are presented. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the performance of the manufactured optical transceiver, thereby confirming its applicability to real industrial sites.


HardwareX ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e00186
Author(s):  
Adolf Krige ◽  
Jakub Haluška ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3950
Author(s):  
Hoora Mazaheri ◽  
Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽  
Zeynab Amini ◽  
Haji Hassan Masjuki ◽  
M. Mofijur ◽  
...  

Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, liquid fuel that can be used in existing diesel engines without modification as pure or blend. Transesterification (the primary process for biodiesel generation) via heterogeneous catalysis using low-cost waste feedstocks for catalyst synthesis improves the economics of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts are preferred for the industrial generation of biodiesel due to their robustness and low costs due to the easy separation and relatively higher reusability. Calcium oxides found in abundance in nature, e.g., in seashells and eggshells, are promising candidates for the synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts. However, process improvements are required to design productive calcium oxide-based catalysts at an industrial scale. The current work presents an overview of the biodiesel production advancements using calcium oxide-based catalysts (e.g., pure, supported, and mixed with metal oxides). The review discusses different factors involved in the synthesis of calcium oxide-based catalysts, and the effect of reaction parameters on the biodiesel yield of calcium oxide-based catalysis are studied. Further, the common reactor designs used for the heterogeneous catalysis using calcium oxide-based catalysts are explained. Moreover, the catalytic activity mechanism, challenges and prospects of the application of calcium oxide-based catalysts in biodiesel generation are discussed. The study of calcium oxide-based catalyst should continue to be evaluated for the potential of their application in the commercial sector as they remain the pivotal goal of these studies.


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