scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Banana Drying using a Forced Convection Solar dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9s) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Forced Convection ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Drying Chamber

Among all the noteworthy preservation techniques for food items, drying is considered to be one of the most consequential one. Different types of drying systems exist bottomed on the manner in which air flow takes place in the drying chamber and method of utilising incident solar radiation for drying. An indirect forced convection solar drying system with a dryer of varying cross section was considered in the present work. Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) was the raw material to be dried. Performance of the system at discharges of 0.03 and 0.02 kg/s, respectively for the specified mass of product was obtained and compared with open sun drying in the range of 66.3% - 9.9% of wet basis moisture content. Drying process in chamber drying was completed four and two hours earlier than open sun drying at discharges of 0.03 kg/s and 0.02 kg/s, respectively. Cumulative and tray wise instantaneous drying rates were found and obtained maximum drying rates of 75 g/h and 15 g/h, respectively. Trend of moisture ratio against time was obtained by polynomial fitting which has satisfactory agreement with available mathematical model.

An Indirect Passive Solar Dryer for Drying

2011 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
A. F. Alonge ◽  
O. O. Oniya
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Drying Chamber

A solar drying system designed on the principles of convective heat flow, constructed from local materials was employed in drying yam (Dioscorea Alata). A glass collector having an efficiency of about 0.63 was used along with an absorber for absorbing the heat energy. The drying chamber consisted of drying trays. A chimney fitted at the top centre of the drying chamber enhanced airflow. Air passing through the collector heated up and dried the foodstuff in the drying chamber. The latitude of Ilorin is 8.26oN and the collector angle could be varied . 56o C, 41o C and 71o C were obtained as the maximum attainable temperatures for the drying chamber, ambient and collector respectively. Two samples of yam chips, each weighing 1560g and having an average size of 1cm thick, were dried both inside the dryer and outside the dryer within its surrounding. The initial moisture content of the yam was 70.3% (wet basis) and its final moisture content was 9% (wet basis).The result was compared to natural sun drying. It was observed that the drying time was reduced from 52 hours for sun drying to 45 hours for solar drying. The total cost of the construction was 6, 105 Naira.

scholarly journals Potential of the biodegradability and characteristics of bio-plastic from microalgae residues

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Y.C. Wong ◽  
◽  
D.N. Roma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The University

Petroleum-based plastic has been widely used in many industries. However, it takes hundreds of years to degrade and causes widespread pollution to our environment. These problems led to the invention of bioplastics, which were comprised of natural biopolymers made from starch. The production of bioplastics from food-based starches such as tapioca and corn created competition between food and bioplastic production industries. Hence, this research study focuses on producing bioplastic from microalgae residue, which is a non-food based raw material that uses four different types of plasticizers: glycerol, sorbitol, glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microalgae species for identification were obtained from the fish pond at the University Malaysia of Kelantan, before cultivating the species for 14 days. The microalgae residues were extracted through the centrifugation process. Three species were identified under the light microscope, Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Monoraphidium sp. The production of bioplastic involved a manual stirring method using a hotplate magnetic stirrer, followed by drying the bioplastic in an oven at 60 oC. Results obtained showed that sorbitol and glycerol from microalgae are suitable to be used as a plasticizer for the production of bioplastic, however glutaraldehyde and PEG are not suitable. Bioplastics that used PEG and glutaraldehyde became cracked and brittle after the drying process. The characterization of bioplastics includes universal tensile testing machines, Fourier-transform infrared analysis and biodegradability tests being processed//undertaken on glycerol-based and sorbitol based bioplastic. Characterization of bioplastics proved that both glycerol and sorbitol have high potential for applications in daily human life. Bioplastics which used sorbitol as a plasticizer could be used in can be applied the production of plastic goods such as toys and household items due to its good resistance toward stress and minimal flexibility. Meanwhile bioplastics which used glycerol as a plasticizer could be applied to the production of plastic bags and plastic food wrap due to its elastic and flexible nature.

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying Parameters on the Quality of Pork and Poultry-Pork Kabanosy Produced according to the Traditional Specialties Guaranteed Recipe

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Chmiel ◽  
Lech Adamczak ◽  
Katarzyna Wrońska ◽  
Dorota Pietrzak ◽  
Tomasz Florowski
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Final Yield ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Selection Of

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of differentiated air relative humidity during the drying process on selected quality features of TSG (traditional specialties guaranteed) pork and poultry-pork kabanosy. After heat treatment and 24-hour cooling at 4–6°C, the products were placed in three chambers at 15°C with differentiated air relative humidity: 60, 70, and 80%, respectively. The drying process was carried out until all variants of kabanosy achieved the required final yield of the product (<68%). Color components, water activity and shear force, water, protein, fat, and salt content, and the TBARS indicator values were determined. The drying process might be shortened (~50%) by a reduction of humidity in the drying chamber from 80 to 60%. The changes in the content of chemical components in pork kabanosy compared to poultry-pork ones demonstrated the different dynamics of the drying of the two types of kabanosy and the need for the selection of optimum drying conditions relative to raw material composition.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study and Analysis on Solar Drying of Bitter Gourd Using an Evacuated Tube Air Collector in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR. Umayal Sundari ◽  
P. Neelamegam ◽  
C. V. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Evacuated Tube ◽  
Drying Chamber

The objective of this research work is to design and develop a forced convection solar dryer using evacuated tube air collector and study its performance on bitter gourd in Thanjavur District, Tamilnadu, India. The designed solar dryer consists of a drying chamber, evacuated tube air collector, a blower, and a chimney. Drying parameters, moisture ratio and drying rates, are calculated and their performance is compared with natural sun drying. The results of the present study show that the proposed solar dryer has greater efficiency, and the moisture content of bitter gourd is reduced from 91% to 6.25% in 6 hours as compared to 10 hours in natural sun drying. In this solar dryer, the products are uniformly dried, and the moisture content of the sample is controlled. It is found that the quality of the dried bitter gourd using solar dryer is higher than the natural sun-dried bitter gourd.

scholarly journals Comparison of Selected Metals Content in Cambodian Striped Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Using Solar Drying System and Open Sun Drying

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayang Fredalina Basri ◽  
Nur Faizah Abu Bakar ◽  
Ahmad Fudholi ◽  
Mohd Hafidz Ruslan ◽  
Im Saroeun
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Drying System

The content of 12 elements in Cambodian dried striped snakehead fish was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The present study compares the level of the trace toxic metals and nutritional trace elements in the fish processed using solar drying system (SDS) and open sun drying (OSD). The skin of SDS fish has lower level of As, Pb, and Cd compared to the OSD sample. As such, the flesh of the fish accumulated higher amount of toxic metals during OSD compared to SDS. However, arsenic was detected in both samples within the safe limit. The nutritional elements (Fe, Mn, Mg, Se, Mo, Cu, Ni, and Cr) were higher in the skin sample SDS fish compared to OSD fish. These beneficial metals were not accumulated in the flesh sample SDS fish demonstrating lower level compared to drying under conventional system. The reddish coloration of the SDS fish was due to the presence of high Cu content in both the skin and flesh samples which possibly account for no mold formation 5 days after packaging. As conclusion, drying of CambodianC. striatausing solar-assisted system has proven higher content of the nutritious elements compared to using the conventional system despite only slight difference in the toxic metals level between the two systems.

scholarly journals Preliminary study of drying of natural coffee by cyclical pressure changes

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (214) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Alfonso Parra-Coronado ◽  
Oscar Leonardo García-Navarrete ◽  
Francy Alejandra Vanegas-Izquierdo ◽  
José Alfredo Gamboa-Gamboa ◽  
Andrés Felipe González-Mora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Cyclic Pressure ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Drying System ◽  
The One ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Cup Quality

A “special coffee” is obtained with an adequate drying process, which allows the preservation of volatile substances responsible for excellent cup quality. The aim was to carry out preliminary studies of drying of natural coffee by implementing a Cyclic Pressure Changes (CPCD) dryer, comparing it with solar drying and with a mechanical drying system by forced convection of low-temperature air. The drying times and rates of the systems used were compared, as well as the respective valuation of the cup quality. Drying times were 767 h for solar drying system, without reaching the desired moisture content; 153.5 h for mechanical drying system and 449 h for the CPCD system. However, the global cup tests showed a better quality of the grain obtained with the CPCD system (87 points), than the one obtained with the mechanical drying at 35°C (84 points).

Solar Drying of Ivy Gourd: Influence of Various Dipping Solutions on Activation Energy and Moisture Diffusivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elavarasan Elangovan ◽  
Gulivindala Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Forced Convection ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Ivy Gourd

Abstract The study is aimed to enhance the shelf life of ivy gourd through solar drying method in open, forced and natural convection mode. Ivy gourd is treated as primary agent to prepare medicines and the stems, leaves; flowers are used to cure the diseases related diabetics, ulcer, skin. The normal shelf life is 2-3 days and it can be increased up to 6 months with an effective drying process. The experiment is intended to find the best drying process among the open, natural and forced convection mode with an initial dipping method with ascorbic acid, lemon juice, sugar solution, honey solutions individually and a control sample (without dipping). A 3kg sample of ivy gourd is dipped in 10g/L of the each of the solution and it is used for the three drying process individually. The obtained results are indicating that forced convection method for ascorbic acid is best among the other drying method with highest moisture diffusivity is 7.88×10-8 m2/s and lowest activation energy 21.12 kJ/mol. It was observed that the drying kinetics of ivy gourd should be considered an indicator of efficiency for solar drying technique from environmental safety perspective. The influence of dipping solution and drying mechanisms on the functionalities of drying are discussed with suitable illustrations.

scholarly journals РАЗРАБОТКА И ИСПЫТАНИЕ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ УСТАНОВКИ С ПОЛИКАРБОНАТНЫМ ПОКРЫТИЕМ ДЛЯ СУШКИ ПРОДУКТОВ СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА

World Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketevan Archvadze ◽  
Ilia Chachava ◽  
Ketevan Papava ◽  
Nanuli Khotenashvili ◽  
Riva Liparteliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Natural Drying

The proposed solar drying system significantly reduces the drying time and improves the quality of the product, including the preservation of vitamins. When drying rosehip, a laboratory analysis for vitamin "C" showed that 28% of this vitamin is destroyed during natural drying, and 17% when using a solar dryer.The drying speed increases by 2.5 - 4 times compared to traditional outdoor drying.In the proposed installation, you can dry different agricultural products, you can change the coating of the solar drying unit. In S/D, the air temperature is higher than in the environment from about 13 to 32 degrees Celsius, depending on weather conditions.The drying process in the S/D apparatus allows you to ensure the purity of the products. S/D is covered and during the drying process the product is not contaminated with dust and rain, by influence of dew, is not damaged by birds, insects or wasps.This device is convenient for transportation, during the day it can be moved and rotated to align to the sun.The proposed solar dryer is easy to manufacture and can be widely used in large and small farms, private and subsidiary farms.

scholarly journals Exergoeconomic Analysis of Corn Drying in a Novel Industrial Drying System

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Chengjie Li ◽  
Junying Huang ◽  
Changyou Li
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Drying Chamber

The improvement of the design and operation of energy conversion systems is a theme of global concern. As an energy intensive operation, industrial agricultural product drying has also attracted significant attention in recent years. Taking a novel industrial corn drying system with drying capacity of 5.5 t/h as a study case, based on existing exergoeconomic and exergetic analysis methodology, the present work investigated the exergetic and economic performance of the drying system and identified its energy use deficiencies. The results showed that the average drying rate for corn drying in the system is 1.98 gwater/gdry matter h. The average exergy rate for dehydrating the moisture from the corn kernel is 345.22 kW and the exergy efficiency of the drying chamber ranges from 14.81% to 40.10%. The average cost of producing 1 GJ exergy for removing water from wet corn kernels is USD 25.971, while the average cost of removing 1 kg water is USD 0.159. These results might help to further understand the drying process from the exergoeconomic perspective and aid formulation of a scientific index for agricultural product industrial drying. Additionally, the results also indicated that, from an energy perspective, the combustion chamber should be firstly optimized, while the drying chamber should be given priority from the exergoeconomics perspective. The main results would be helpful for further optimizing the drying process from both energetic and economic perspectives and provide new thinking about agricultural product industrial drying from the perspective of exergoeconomics.

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