scholarly journals Exergoeconomic Analysis of Corn Drying in a Novel Industrial Drying System

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Chengjie Li ◽  
Junying Huang ◽  
Changyou Li
Keyword(s):  
Average Cost ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Economic Perspectives ◽  
Exergetic Analysis ◽  
Drying Chamber

The improvement of the design and operation of energy conversion systems is a theme of global concern. As an energy intensive operation, industrial agricultural product drying has also attracted significant attention in recent years. Taking a novel industrial corn drying system with drying capacity of 5.5 t/h as a study case, based on existing exergoeconomic and exergetic analysis methodology, the present work investigated the exergetic and economic performance of the drying system and identified its energy use deficiencies. The results showed that the average drying rate for corn drying in the system is 1.98 gwater/gdry matter h. The average exergy rate for dehydrating the moisture from the corn kernel is 345.22 kW and the exergy efficiency of the drying chamber ranges from 14.81% to 40.10%. The average cost of producing 1 GJ exergy for removing water from wet corn kernels is USD 25.971, while the average cost of removing 1 kg water is USD 0.159. These results might help to further understand the drying process from the exergoeconomic perspective and aid formulation of a scientific index for agricultural product industrial drying. Additionally, the results also indicated that, from an energy perspective, the combustion chamber should be firstly optimized, while the drying chamber should be given priority from the exergoeconomics perspective. The main results would be helpful for further optimizing the drying process from both energetic and economic perspectives and provide new thinking about agricultural product industrial drying from the perspective of exergoeconomics.

scholarly journals Implementation of an automated dryer with solar collector

2022 ◽  
Vol 2163 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
F J Regino-Ubarnes ◽  
H Y Jaramillo ◽  
F E Moreno-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Brick Kilns ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Drying System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Percentage Of Water Absorption ◽  
Drying Chamber

Abstract This research work consists of the development of an automated sustainable drying system using forced and preheated air to reduce the production time of handmade bricks, so a dryer witha solar collector wasimplemented to take advantage of the energy from solar radiation. A virtualinstrument was developed, which allows to visualize the variables of temperature and humidityinside the drying chamber, additionally a temperature control was implemented, this control allows the system to maintain a constant temperature during the drying process. Samples were taken from the production of the brick kiln “El Tejar” and dried by this device, thenthe drying times and their physical and mechanical properties were compared, finding that the bricks dried with the proposed prototype retained these properties. As for the compressive strength tests for samples of both processes was around 30.6 Kgf/cm2 and 31.2 Kgf/cm2, the deflection resistance was around 1.2 Kgf/cm2 and 1.3 Kgf/cm2, the initial absorption rate was around 0.3 g/cm2/min and 0.4 g/cm2/min, and finally the percentage of water absorption for both processes were around 12.9% and 13.1%. The difference lies in the drying times, since drying in the artisanal brick kilns takes about 15 daysin the proposed dryer takes 9 days, resulting in a decrease of 40% in this process.

scholarly journals Performance Assessment of Banana Drying using a Forced Convection Solar dryer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9s) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Keyword(s):  
Forced Convection ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Musa Paradisiaca ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
Drying Chamber

Among all the noteworthy preservation techniques for food items, drying is considered to be one of the most consequential one. Different types of drying systems exist bottomed on the manner in which air flow takes place in the drying chamber and method of utilising incident solar radiation for drying. An indirect forced convection solar drying system with a dryer of varying cross section was considered in the present work. Banana (Musa Paradisiaca) was the raw material to be dried. Performance of the system at discharges of 0.03 and 0.02 kg/s, respectively for the specified mass of product was obtained and compared with open sun drying in the range of 66.3% - 9.9% of wet basis moisture content. Drying process in chamber drying was completed four and two hours earlier than open sun drying at discharges of 0.03 kg/s and 0.02 kg/s, respectively. Cumulative and tray wise instantaneous drying rates were found and obtained maximum drying rates of 75 g/h and 15 g/h, respectively. Trend of moisture ratio against time was obtained by polynomial fitting which has satisfactory agreement with available mathematical model.

Konsumsi Energi Pada Alat Pengering Surya dan Tipe Bak Untuk Pengeringan Biji Kakao

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamhot P. Manalu
Keyword(s):  
Specific Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Drying Efficiency

Crop drying is essential for preservation in agricultural applications. It is performed either using fossil fuels in an artificial mechanical drying process or by placing the crop under the open sun. The first method is costly and has a negative impact on the environment, while the second method is totally dependent on the weather. The drying process requires a lot of energy in relation to the amount of water that must be evaporated from the product. It is estimated that 12% of the total energy used by the food industries and agriculture absorbed in this process. Due to the limitation of energy resources, it is important to keep researching and developing of diversification and optimization of energy This study aims to assess the use of energy for cocoa drying using solar energy dryer and bin-type dryer, as well as to determine the drying efficiency of each type of dryer. The results showed that the efficiency of the solar dryer drying system ranges between 36% to 46%, while the tub-type dryers between 21.7% to 33.1%. The specific energy of solar dryer ranged from 6.17-7.87 MJ / kg, while the tub-type dryers 8.58-13.63 MJ / kg. Dryer efficiency is influenced by the level of solar irradiation and the amount of drying load, the higher the irradiation received and more cocoa beans are dried, the drying efficiency is also higher and the specific energy further down.Proses pengeringan memerlukan banyak energi sehubungan dengan banyaknya air yang harus diuapkan dari bahan yang dikeringkan. Pengeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pengering mekanis berbahan bakar fosil atau dengan menempatkan produk di bawah matahari terbuka. Metode pertama adalah mahal dan memiliki dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sedangkan metode kedua sangat tergantung pada cuaca. Diperkirakan bahwa 12% dari total energi yang dipergunakan oleh industri pangan dan pertanian diserap untuk proses ini. Mengingat semakin terbatasnya sumber energi bahan bakar minyak maka usaha diversifikasi dan optimasi energi untuk pengeringan perlu terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Salah satunya adalah pemanfaatan energi surya sebagai sumber energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan energi untuk pengeringan kakao dengan memakai pengering energi surya dan pengering tipe bak, serta untuk mengetahui efisiensi pengeringan dari masing-masing tipe pengering. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi total sistem pengeringan alat pengering surya berkisar antara 36% dan 46%, sedangkan pengering tipe bak antara 21.7% dan 33.1%. Kebutuhan energi spesifik alat pengering surya berkisar antara 6.17-7.87 MJ/kg, sedangkan alat pengering tipe bak 8.58-13.63 MJ/kg. Efisiensi alat pengering dipengaruhi oleh tingkat iradiasi surya dan jumlah beban pengeringan, semakin tinggi iradiasi yang diterima pengering serta semakin banyak biji kakao yang dikeringkan, maka efisiensi pengeringan juga semakin tinggi dan kebutuhan energi spesifik semakin turun.Keywords: energy, efficiency, cocoa, solar dryer, bin-type dryer.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Conductive Drying of Phosphate Washing Waste Clay

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Fatiha Berroug ◽  
Yassir Bellaziz ◽  
Naaila Ouazzani ◽  
Fatima Ait Nouh ◽  
Abdessamad Hejjaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
The World ◽  
Drying System

Morocco is the leading producer of phosphate and its derivatives in the world with a total production of 35 Mt. However, the extraction and the valorization of this mine generate huge quantities of phosphate washing waste clay (PHWWC) that constitute a main environmental and economic concern. To facilitate this waste clay storage and handling, it is necessary to decrease its moisture content that represents 80% of PHWWC. The present paper is devoted to studying the conductive drying of PHWWC. Drying experiments were conducted in a laboratory pilot. Afterwards, the experiment results were implemented in a one-dimensional numerical model of heat and mass transfer in a porous media to identify the drying parameters and performances. It was found that most of the water contained in PHWWC is free water that is removed with a constant drying rate. The volume reduction with a marked cracks phenomenon attained 65% without any significant effect of drying temperature and sample thickness. The effective moisture diffusivity of the PHWWC for a conductive drying process is ranged between 10−9 and 1.1 × 10−8 m2·s−1. The thermal efficiency of the drying system is up to 86%. The results could be used for the purpose of design and scale-up of the industrial dryer based on laboratory-scale experiments.

scholarly journals Study on the Variable-Temperature Drying Process of Corn Drying in an Industrial Corn-Drying System Equipped with a Self-Adaptive Control Heat Exchanger

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2772
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Zhiheng Zeng ◽  
Xuefeng Zhang ◽  
Ye Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Kinetic ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Self Adaptive

To realize energy-saving and efficient industrial grain drying, the present work studied the variable-temperature drying process of corn drying in a novel industrial corn-drying system with a heat recycling and self-adaptive control function. The drying kinetics, thermal performance, heat-loss characteristics and the heat-recycling performance of the drying system under different allocations between flue gas and hot air were investigated, and the optimized drying process was proposed and compared with two constant drying processes. The results showed that the optimized drying process exhibited better drying kinetic and thermal performance than the two constant drying processes. More specifically, the total heat loss, total energy consumption and specific energy consumption of the optimized drying process were ascertained to be 36,132.85 MJ, 48,803.99 MJ and 7290.27 kJ/kg, respectively, which were lower than those of the other two processes. On the other hand, the thermal efficiency of the drying chamber for the optimized drying process was ascertained to be varied within the range of 6.81–41.71%. Overall, the validation results showed that the optimized drying process can significantly improve the drying performance of the drying system.

Study on Drying Characteristics of Microalgae under Different Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
Chun Xiang Chen ◽  
Xiao Qian Ma ◽  
Xiao Cong Li ◽  
Wei Ping Qin
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Two Stages

To find out an alternative of coal saving, a kind of microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) which is widespread in fresh water was studied by digital blast drying system. The effect of the moisture content, drying thickness and temperature on the drying process of C. vulgaris were investigated. The results indicated that when the drying temperature is high, the moisture content is low and the material thickness is small, the drying time is short. The drying process of C.vulgaris can be divided into two stages, and the mass loss is mainly occurred in the second stage . The results will provide guidance for design of drying process and dryer of microalgae.

scholarly journals RANCANGAN RUANG PENGERING BERBASIS ERGONOMI MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PERAJIN IKAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Bawa Susana
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Participatory Method

With  traditional fish drying process,  most possible can cause an unhealthy  working posture , such as a squatting action.   As a consequence , worker will suffer a  musculoskeletal disorders because of not  ergonomic tools and bad working posture. Without ergonomics  working  procedures was found that  the average of   musculoskeletal complaints after working is 52.25 ± 1.03. To solve this ccomplaints, a drying chamber based ergonomics design was built in order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Dimensions of the drying chamber were based on anthropometric data of fish craftsmen and the material of drying chamber was by the participatory method. Test was performed on 20 samples and the result showed that the mean rate of  musculoskeletal complaints after working is 38.30 ± 1.30. The ergonomic based design for drying camber application can reduce  the musculoskeletal complaints up to 26.7%.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling and Performance Analysis of a New Hybrid Solar Dryer of Lemon Slices for Controlling Drying Temperature

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wengang Hao ◽  
Shuonan Liu ◽  
Baoqi Mi ◽  
Yanhua Lai
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Flat Plate Solar Collector ◽  
Drying Chamber

A new hybrid solar dryer was designed and constructed in this study, which consisted of a flat-plate solar collector with dual-function (DF-FPSC), drying chamber with glass, fan etc. The DF-FPSC was firstly applied in drying agricultural products. The innovative application of hybrid solar dryer can control the drying chamber air temperature within a suitable range by different operation strategies. Drying experiments for lemon slices in the hybrid solar dryer were conducted by comparing open sun drying (OSD). Eight mathematical models of drying characteristics were employed to select the most suitable model for describing the drying curves of lemon slices. Furthermore, energy, exergy economic and environment (4E) analysis were also adopted to analyze the drying process of lemon slices. The results show that under the same experimental condition, the drying capability of the hybrid solar dryer was stronger than that of OSD. Meanwhile, it was found that the Two term and Wang and Singh models were the most suitable for fitting the lemon slices’ drying characteristics inside the hybrid solar dryer. The drying chamber air temperature can be controlled under about 60 °C during the process of lemon slices’ drying. The experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the proposed hybrid solar dryer.

Preparation of PS@SiO2, PS@TiO2，PS@TiO2/SiO2 Core-Shell Composites by a Spray Drying Process and Their Hollow Spheres after Removing PS Cores by Calcinations

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 389-392
Author(s):  
Ling Li ◽  
Hong Liang Li ◽  
Ying Chun Zhu ◽  
Ai Ping Fu ◽  
Yong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
The Core ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polystyrene (PS) spheres encapsulated core-shell composites of SiO2or TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by the spray drying technique and hollow spheres of SiO2or TiO2nanoparticles were then derived by removing the PS cores with calcinations. The PS spheres were dispersed into the SiO2or TiO2colloids, forming a suspension and then the suspensions were sprayed to form micrometer-sized droplets, as the droplets rush through the drying chamber, the PS spheres were encapsulated into the core of SiO2or TiO2particles due to the high temperatures and the instant evaporation, obtaining PS@SiO2, PS@TiO2or PS@SiO2/TiO2core-shell composites. After removing the PS core by calcination at 550°C, SiO2or TiO2hollow spheres were then derived. The influence of drying temperature, the concentration of the SiO2or TiO2particles and the ratio of PS sphere to the particles on the structures and specific surface area of the hollow spheres were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements.

Uniform Heating Device for a Paper Mill Process

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Guntur ◽  
R. S. Amano ◽  
Brinda Athreya
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Conveyor System ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Heated Air ◽  
Drying System ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Mill Process

Paper mills use elaborated drying process using hot rollers to dry the paper. In the recent past, use of hot air for drying has gained some interest. The main disadvantage of this method is non-uniform air temperature, which will cause lateral shrinkage of the paper. This paper discusses a new drying system. The process incorporates a porous medium to ensure uniform temperature by flattening the velocity distribution. The new system requires less equipment pieces and utilized less space for the drying process. A cloth is used in place of paper to increase the repeatability of the experiment. This experiment utilized a conveyor system to transport the cloth within the heater section. Variables concerning velocity and temperature values of the heated air, and heater intensity were adjusted to produce the different drying conditions. Forced air propane heater was used as the heat source. Design modifications were made so that the heater is more suitable for this process. The results showed significant improvement of the velocity and feasibility of extending this technology to the actual scale.

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