Simulation and Formal Verification of SIP/ZRTP Protocol using UPPAAL

The security of voice communication over the Internet Protocol is a continuously growing research area due to the rapid rise in its usage among consumers. With the advent of Voice-over-IP Protocols, the Real Time Protocol (RTP) was used to facilitate VoIP communications. To secure this communication, Secure Real Time Protocol (SRTP) was implemented to encrypt these voice packets. The SRTP requires a session key to be shared between the communicating entities. The challenging task of establishing a new, unused session key to secure each SRTP session was overcome by the key agreement protocol, Zimmermann Real-time Transport Protocol (ZRTP) which ensures confidentiality as well as a shield against Man-in-the-Middle attack. We firstly analyze the security properties of this protocol. Formal analysis is a mathematical technique that can be used to verify the correctness of the system. We simulated the complete ZRTP Protocol with the well-known formal analysis tool, Uppaal, and verified the existing security properties such as Deadlock Prevention, Liveliness, Safety and other protocol parameters mismatch detection using the Uppaal model checker engine. Temporal logic was used to design the queries to verify the properties.

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Applications in Security and Evasions in Machine Learning: A Survey

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9010097 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 97 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ramani Sagar ◽

Rutvij Jhaveri ◽

Carlos Borrego

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Real Time ◽

Research Area ◽

Attack Detection ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Defense Strategies ◽

Vulnerability Assessments ◽

Different Types ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Security Properties

In recent years, machine learning (ML) has become an important part to yield security and privacy in various applications. ML is used to address serious issues such as real-time attack detection, data leakage vulnerability assessments and many more. ML extensively supports the demanding requirements of the current scenario of security and privacy across a range of areas such as real-time decision-making, big data processing, reduced cycle time for learning, cost-efficiency and error-free processing. Therefore, in this paper, we review the state of the art approaches where ML is applicable more effectively to fulfill current real-world requirements in security. We examine different security applications’ perspectives where ML models play an essential role and compare, with different possible dimensions, their accuracy results. By analyzing ML algorithms in security application it provides a blueprint for an interdisciplinary research area. Even with the use of current sophisticated technology and tools, attackers can evade the ML models by committing adversarial attacks. Therefore, requirements rise to assess the vulnerability in the ML models to cope up with the adversarial attacks at the time of development. Accordingly, as a supplement to this point, we also analyze the different types of adversarial attacks on the ML models. To give proper visualization of security properties, we have represented the threat model and defense strategies against adversarial attack methods. Moreover, we illustrate the adversarial attacks based on the attackers’ knowledge about the model and addressed the point of the model at which possible attacks may be committed. Finally, we also investigate different types of properties of the adversarial attacks.

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An Intelligent Packet Loss Control Heuristic for Connectionless Real-Time Voice Communication

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2010/984923 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Murat Şensoy ◽

Burcu Yılmaz ◽

Erdoğan Yılmaz

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Packet Loss ◽

Loss Rate ◽

Packet Loss Rate ◽

Video Communication ◽

Voice Communication ◽

Remarkable Improvement ◽

Voice Packets ◽

Time Critical ◽

Loss Control

Time critical nature of the real-time communication usually makes connection-oriented protocols such as TCP useless, because retransmission of old and probably expired packets is not desired. However, connectionless protocols such as UDP do not provide such packet loss control and suitable for real-time communication such as voice or video communication. In this paper, we present an adaptive approach for the intelligent packet loss control for connectionless real-time voice communication. Instead of detecting and resending lost voice packets, this heuristic estimates the packet loss rate adaptively using a modified version of reinforcement learning and resends the most critical packets before they are expired. Our simulations indicate that this approach is promising for a remarkable improvement in QoS of real-time voice communication.

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Adaptive Real-Time Routing Protocol for (m,k)-Firm in Industrial Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20061633 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 1633 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Beom-Su Kim ◽

Sangdae Kim ◽

Kyong Hoon Kim ◽

Tae-Eung Sung ◽

Babar Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Research Area ◽

Multimedia Data ◽

Wireless Multimedia ◽

Multimedia Sensor Networks ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Event Information ◽

Firm Model

Many applications are able to obtain enriched information by employing a wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) in industrial environments, which consists of nodes that are capable of processing multimedia data. However, as many aspects of WMSNs still need to be refined, this remains a potential research area. An efficient application needs the ability to capture and store the latest information about an object or event, which requires real-time multimedia data to be delivered to the sink timely. Motivated to achieve this goal, we developed a new adaptive QoS routing protocol based on the (m,k)-firm model. The proposed model processes captured information by employing a multimedia stream in the (m,k)-firm format. In addition, the model includes a new adaptive real-time protocol and traffic handling scheme to transmit event information by selecting the next hop according to the flow status as well as the requirement of the (m,k)-firm model. Different from the previous approach, two level adjustment in routing protocol and traffic management are able to increase the number of successful packets within the deadline as well as path setup schemes along the previous route is able to reduce the packet loss until a new path is established. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes are able to improve the stream dynamic success ratio and network lifetime compared to previous work by meeting the requirement of the (m,k)-firm model regardless of the amount of traffic.

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An Adaptive Scheduler for Real-Time Operating Systems to Extend WSN Nodes Lifetime

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ◽

10.1155/2018/4185650 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Roberto Rodriguez-Zurrunero ◽

Ramiro Utrilla ◽

Elena Romero ◽

Alvaro Araujo

Keyword(s):

Operating System ◽

Real Time ◽

Operating Systems ◽

Research Area ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Portable Devices ◽

Wireless Devices ◽

Changing Environments ◽

Tasks Scheduling

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are a growing research area as a large of number portable devices are being developed. This fact makes operating systems (OS) useful to homogenize the development of these devices, to reduce design times, and to provide tools for developing complex applications. This work presents an operating system scheduler for resource-constraint wireless devices, which adapts the tasks scheduling in changing environments. The proposed adaptive scheduler allows dynamically delaying the execution of low priority tasks while maintaining real-time capabilities on high priority ones. Therefore, the scheduler is useful in nodes with rechargeable batteries, as it reduces its energy consumption when battery level is low, by delaying the least critical tasks. The adaptive scheduler has been implemented and tested in real nodes, and the results show that the nodes lifetime could be increased up to 70% in some scenarios at the expense of increasing latency of low priority tasks.

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Modelling, verification, and formal analysis of security properties in a P2P system

2010 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems ◽

10.1109/cts.2010.5478474 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sam B. Sanjabi ◽

Franck Pommereau

Keyword(s):

Formal Analysis ◽

Security Properties ◽

P2p System

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Image based portable wear debris analysis tool

Industrial Lubrication and Tribology ◽

10.1108/ilt-11-2014-0127 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 389-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Ali Khan ◽

Ahmed Farooq Cheema ◽

Sohaib Zia Khan ◽

Shafiq-ur-Rehman Qureshi

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Wear Debris ◽

Machine Component ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Content Type ◽

Real Time Analysis ◽

Distribution Shape ◽

Basic Features ◽

Health Diagnosis ◽

Wear Debris Analysis

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to show the development of an image processing-based portable equipment for an automatic wear debris analysis. It can analyze both the qualitative and quantitative features of machine wear debris: size, quantity, size distribution, shape, surface texture and material composition via color. Design/methodology/approach – It comprises hardware and software components which can take debris in near real-time from a machine oil sump and process it for features diagnosis. This processing provides the information of the basic features on the user screen which can further be used for machine component health diagnosis. Findings – The developed system has the capacity to replace the existing off-line methods due to its cost effectiveness and simplicity in operation. The system is able to analyze debris basic quantitative and qualitative features greater than 50 micron and less than 300 micron. Originality/value – Wear debris basic features analysis tool is developed and discussed. The portable and near real-time analysis offered by the discussed work can be more technically effective as compared to the existing off-line and online techniques.

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A Guide on Using Xilinx System Generator to Design and Implement Real-Time Audio Effects on FPGA

International Journal of Future Computer and Communication ◽

10.18178/ijfcc.2021.10.3.577 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 38-44

Author(s):

L. Merah ◽

◽

P. Lorenz ◽

A. Ali-Pacha ◽

N. Hadj-Said ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Power Efficiency ◽

Audio Signal ◽

Research Area ◽

Audio Processing ◽

The Real ◽

System Generator ◽

Xilinx System Generator ◽

Active Research ◽

Implementation Steps

The enormous progress in communication technology has led to a tremendous need to provide an ideal environment for the transmission, storing, and processing of digital multimedia content, where the audio signal takes the lion's share of it. Audio processing covers many diverse fields, its main aim is presenting sound to human listeners. Recently, digital audio processing became an active research area, it covers everything from theory to practice in relation to transmission, compression, filtering, and adding special effects to an audio signal. The aim of this work is to present the real-time implementation steps of some audio effects namely, the echo and Flanger effects on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). Today, FPGAs are the best choice in data processing because they provide more flexibility, performance, and huge processing capabilities with great power efficiency. Designs are achieved using the XSG tool (Xilinx System Generator), which makes complex designs easier without prior knowledge of hardware description languages. The paper is presented as a guide with deep technical details about designing and real-time implementation steps. We decided to transfer some experience to designers who want to rapidly prototype their ideas using tools such as XSG. All the designs have been simulated and verified under Simulink/Matlab environment, then exported to Xilinx ISE (Integrated Synthesis Environment) tool for the rest of the implementation steps. The paper also gives an idea of interfacing the FPGA with the LM4550 AC’97 codec using VHDL coding. The ATLYS development board based on Xilinx Spartan-6 LX45 FPGA is used for the real-time implementation.

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