scholarly journals Development of Effective Arable Units for Dump Plowing

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 4595-4600

This article presents the results of the development of a mathematical model and a flowchart for optimizing the workflow of dump plowing with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, as well as additional crumbling and leveling of the soil proposed by the authors of a machine-tractor unit. The optimal power of the tractor engine, its mass, the width of the implement and its mass, the operating speed and the optimization criterion value - the minimum total energy costs for the process of plowing with related works (fertilizing, leveling the soil) were obtained. The technical and operational indicators of modern dump plows are analyzed and the most effective ones are selected. New directions of increasing the efficiency of arable units on dump plowing are presented.

The article proposes a mathematical model and an algorithm for optimizing the parameters developed by the authors of a multifunctional tillage unit based on a spring harrow with simultaneous application of solid mineral fertilizers. Using the optimization criterion, the minimum reduced costs for the implementation of the technological process of soil harrowing with the introduction of mineral fertilizers by the proposed multifunctional unit, its parameters and operation mode are substantiated. The principal distinguishing features of the working body of the spring harrow are described in accordance with the RF patent for utility model.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00136
Author(s):  
Camill A. Khafizov ◽  
Ramil N. Khafizov ◽  
Azat A. Nurmiev ◽  
Ilgiz G. Galiev

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the need to substantiate the sufficient number of tractors used for various technological operations, depending on the volume of works performed, and taking into account their influence on the crop yield. The purpose is to develop the mathematical model of machine and tractor units used in technological operations by formalizing the vague concept of optimal agrotechnical timing of technological operations and calculating the optimal number of tractors to perform works by the total energy costs. The main research method is mathematical modeling of operations performed by machine-tractor units based on the system analysis and computational experiments and using the energy mathematical model. The article describes a criterion for optimizing the tractor parameters, dependences of the energy mathematical model of the unit. The results of computational experiments showed that for each operation there is an optimal number of tractors and tractor units minimizing the minimum total energy costs. Calculations were carried out when treating 1000 hectares with various tractors. It was revealed that the total energy consumption differs by 2 or more times. The required number of tractors depends on their main parameters, propeller parameters and other factors. It was revealed that with an increase in the volume of works, the required optimal number of tractors increases. The method for substantiating the required optimal number of tractors in technological operations will improve operations of tractors used by large agricultural producers, reduce the total energy costs for cultivating up to 12–16 thousand MJ/ha.


2020 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Р.Е. Прокопчук ◽  
В.И. Беляев

В работе освещена одна из актуальных проблем повышения урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур за счёт подкормки жидкими минеральными удобрениями. Приведён анализ агрегатов для точечного внесения жидких минеральных удобрений. Получены зависимости величины расхода топлива тракторных двигателей в составе различных машинно-тракторных агрегатов (МТА) при выполнении технологического процесса. Внесение удобрений проводилось агрегатами John Deere8310R+ ликвилайзер «Алтай», John Deere8430 + Duportи Valtra T234 + Duport. Установлено, что одним из наиболее значимых факторов энергозатрат является исходная влажность почвы и масса агрегата, которая зависит от ёмкости бункера и её заполнения жидкими удобрениями. В ходе исследования была проведена сравнительная количественная энергетическая оценка агрегатов для внесения жидких минеральных удобрений, установлены экспериментальные зависимости секундного расхода топлива тракторного двигателя с импортным и отечественным агрегатом от рабочей скорости движения и массы агрегата. Так, с увеличением заполнения объёма бочки ликвилайзера расход топлива двигателя трактора John Deere 8310R в агрегате с ликвилайзером «Алтай» увеличивается с 21,07 до 21,56 г/с, Valtra T234 в агрегате с Duport – с 23,53 до 23,89 г/с и John Deere 8430 с агрегатом Duport – с 19,16 до 21,13 г/с соответственно. Установлено также, что с увеличением объёма жидкости с удобрениями расход топлива двигателя трактора в агрегате с ликвилайзером на единицу ширины захвата увеличивается: John Deere 8310R в агрегате с ликвилайзером «Алтай» – с 1,76 до 1,80 г/с, Valtra T234 в агрегате с Duport – с 1,96 до 1,99 г/с и John Deere8430 с агрегатом Duport– с 1,60 до 1,76 г/с соответственно. Полученные результаты послужат основой для обоснования рациональных параметров и режимов работы агрегатов для внесения жидких минеральных удобрений. The work highlights one of the current problems of increasing crop yields due to fertilizingwith liquid mineral fertilizers. Analysis of aggregates for point application of liquid mineral fertilizers is given. Dependencies of fuel consumption value of tractor engines in the composition of various machine-tractor units (MTU) during the technological process execution are obtained. Fertilizer application was carried out by John Deere 8310R + liquiliser "Altai", John Deere 8430 + Duport and Valtra T234 + Duport. It was established that one of the most significant factors of energy consumption is the initial soil moisture and weight of the unit which depends on the capacity of the bunker and its filling with liquid fertilizers. As part of the study a comparative quantitative energy assessment of units for the application of liquid mineral fertilizers was carried out, experimental dependencies of the second fuel consumption of a tractor engine with an imported and domestic unit on the operating speed and weight of the unit were established. So, with increase in filling of volume of a liquiliserbarrel fuel consumption of the engine of the John Deere 8310R tractor in the unit with a liquiliser "Altai" increases from 21.07 to 21.56 g/s, Valtra T234 in the unit with Duport – from 23.53 to 23.89 g/s and John Deere 8430 with the Duport unit – from 19.16 to 21.13 g/s with respectively. It was also established that with an increase in the volume of liquid with fertilizers, the fuel consumption of the tractor engine in the unit with liquiliserper unit of width increases: John Deere 8310R in the unit with liquiliser "Altai" – from 1.76 to 1.80 g/s, Valtra T234 in the unit with Duport – from 1.96 to 1.99 g/s and John Deere 8430 with the Duport unit – from 1.60 to 1.76 g/s, respectively. The obtained results will serve as the basis for substantiation of rational parameters and operation modes of units for application of liquid mineral fertilizers.


10.12737/3808 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Шайдуллин ◽  
Khasan Shaydullin ◽  
Шайхов ◽  
Marsel Shaykhov ◽  
Еров ◽  
...  

This study discusses a plant breeding and seed system recovery. According to the 2013 information, over 3000 seeders with colters of strip cropping were upgraded, which worked in 64 regions of the country. Simultaneously with the work on the modernization of the seeders for strip cropping, Russian Institute of Mechanization together with LLC “Tekhtsentr Laishevo” and “KhaRaSha” developed a design specification on the universal seeder SUZT 4of strip cropping with 4 meter width and a design specification on unified with it breeding and farming seeder SFS -2 with 2 meter wide. The pilot seeder SUZT-4 was designrd in LLC “KhaRaSha” and in 2012 it was successfully held acceptance tests with the recommendation on production at the Kirov Machine Testing Station. This seeder is designed for strip sowing of cereals, legumes, small-seeded crops and grass with simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, as well as for early spring narrowband sowing of sparse winter crops and perennial grasses and subsurface mineral fertilizers plant nutrition. In 2013 there have manufactured a pilotmachine of breeding and farming seeder SFS-2 and it was transferred to Machine Testing Station for carrying out acceptance tests. The speeding up the implementing these seeders allow to carry out technological operation of planting crops in a highly effective stripping way with a significant increase of productivity and with high quality seeds. On spring wheat crops, where the seeds were prepared by car SMVO and sowing performed by seeders with ODA colters of strip cropping, the field germination ranged was from 92.5 to 95.6%, which is 4.5-8.1% higher, than seeds, obtained without isolation of their specific weight and drill sowing by double disc coulters. As a result, the higher harvest is formed by 8-10 centner per hectare and more. Additional 1.0 million tons of crops were reaped from improved seeds quality. Thus, the use of universal seeders with single disc - hoe colters and seed-crop cleaning machines SMVO is the most affordable way to increase the crops yield and seed quality for all farms. Key words: selection and seed-farming, Seed-growers association, seed-crop cleaning machine, processing of grain and seed, a seeder with disc-hoe colters, strip cropping .


Author(s):  
А.С. ФИРСОВ ◽  
Е.С. БЕЛЯКОВА

Проблема и цель. Целью исследований рабочего органа для посева мелкосеменных культур с одновременным внесением минеральных удобрений, патент на полезную модель RU № 195476, является определение рациональных параметров и режимов работы при осуществлении технологической операции посева льна с внесением минеральных удобрений. Методология. Основой проведения трехфакторного эксперимента является получение массива данных для обширного исследования технологического процесса посева. При планировании эксперимента составлена план-матрица с кодированием исследуемых факторов. Полученные значения качественных показателей заносятся в сводную форму, далее осуществляется статистическая обработка полученных результатов с использованием компьютерной программы Excel, входящей в пакет Microsoft Ofce. По результатам проведения эксперимента оформлены уравнения регрессии второго порядка. Для каждого уравнения проводится оценка по критериям Кохрена, Фишера и Стьюдента (оценивается значимость коэффициентов регрессии, проводится проверка воспроизводимости опыта и адекватности модели). Заключительным этапом обработки данных является построение поверхности отклика в декартовой системе координат XYZ с использованием компьютерной программы MathCAD 13 и STATISTIKA-10. После построения графических зависимостей осуществлялся анализ полученных поверхностей показателей. Результаты. Результатом трехфакторного эксперимента являются полученные рациональные показатели и режимы работы сошника при проведении операции посева льна с внесением минеральных удобрений. Заключение. Установлены рациональные параметры и режимы работы комбинированного сошника в лабораторных условиях, необходимые для дальнейшего исследования многофункционального рабочего органа сеялки в полевых опытах. Problem and purpose. The purpose of research of the working body for sowing small-seeded crops with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers, patent for a useful model RU No. 195476, is to determine the rational parameters and operating modes in the implementation of the technological operation of sowing fax with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Methodology. The basis for conducting a three-factor experiment is to obtain a data set for an extensive study of the technological process of seeding. When planning an experiment, a plan was drawn up with the coding of the factors under study. The obtained values of quality indicators are entered into a summary form, then statistical processing of the results obtained using the Excel computer program included in the Microsoft Ofce package is carried out. Based on the results of the experiment, second-order regression equations were formulated. For each equation, an assessment is carried out according to the Cochran, Fisher and Student criteria (the signifcance of the regression coefcients is estimated, the reproducibility of the experience and the adequacy of the model are checked).The fnal stage of data processing is the construction of the response surface in the XYZ Cartesian coordinate system using the computer programs MathCAD 13 and STATISTIKA-10. After plotting the graphical dependencies, the obtained surfaces of the indicators were analyzed. Results. The result of the three-factor experiment is the obtained rational indicators and operating modes of the opener during the operation of sowing fax with the introduction of mineral fertilizers. Conclusion. The rational parameters and operating modes of the combined opener in laboratory conditions, necessary for further research of the multifunctional working body of the seeder in feld experiments, have been established.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Szelangiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Żelazny

Abstract During ship operation, one of the most important tasks is forecasting the ocean route. One of the criteria for forecasting is the minimum fuel consumption. Fuel consumption and associated emissions are also very important for other criteria. In common use, as well as in various publications, the results of calculations of fuel consumption obtained from simplified algorithms are presented. The article presents a mathematical model for calculating fuel consumption for a floating vessel in various weather conditions. In this model different criteria for controlling the propulsion engine were used by changing the fuel dose. The results of the calculations included include: fuel consumption, power of the propulsion engine and operating speed of the ship in varying weather conditions


Author(s):  
Д.Н. Маничев ◽  
Д.Г. Мясищев

Приведена разработка математической модели расхода топлива в режиме пуска двигателя пусковым устройством. Проведено сравнение с результатами исследовательских испытаний. Целевой функцией в математической модели является часовой расход топлива всей рассматриваемой системы МП-5 «Урал-2Т ЭЛЕКТРОН» – двигатель Д-21А1. Целью работы является описание математической модели для данной логической системы. При данном подходе также использованы основы оценки топливной экономичности колесных малогабаритных лесотранспортных систем. После проведения математических расчетов получили часовой расход топлива В = 1,24 кг/ч. Проведение исследовательских испытаний запуска двигателя трактора Т-16М при помощи ПУ в зимний период показали, что часовой расход топлива В = 1,28 кг/ч. Таким образом, погрешность теоретических расчетов и исследовательских испытаний составляет 6%. Сравнение теоретических и практических результатов позволяет сделать следующие выводы: теория, построенная на математической модели, дает результаты, наиболее близкие к экспериментальным с расхождением 6%; разработанная теоретическая модель входит в постановку задачи оптимизации компонентов пускового привода. The article is devoted to development of mathematical model of fuel consumption of the engine started by a starter as well as comparison with the results of the researches. Hourly fuel consumption of the MP-5 «Ural-2T ELECTRON» – engine D- 21A1 system represents the target function of the mathematical model. The aim of the article is to describe a mathematical model for the given logical system. As a result of mathematical calculations the hourly fuel consumption is B = 1.24 kg/h. Research tests of starting the T-16M tractor engine by the starter in winter conditions showed that the hourly fuel consumption B = 1.28 kg/h. Thus, discrepancy between theoretical calculations and research tests is 6%. Comparison of theoretical and practical results leads to following conclusions: theory based on the mathematical model gives results closest to experimental ones with a discrepancy of 6%; the developed theoretical model can be included into the task of starting drive components' optimization.


Information ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Stojčić ◽  
Dragan Pamučar ◽  
Eldina Mahmutagić ◽  
Željko Stević

Queuing systems (QS) represent everyday life in all business and economic systems. On the one hand, and there is a tendency for their time and cost optimization, but on the other hand, they have not been sufficiently explored. This especially applies to logistics systems, where a large number of transportation and storage units appear. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to develop an ANFIS (Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) model in a warehouse system with two servers for defining QS optimization parameters. The research was conducted in a company for the manufacturing of brown paper located in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which represents a significant share of the total export production of the country. In this paper, the optimization criterion is the time spent in the system, which is important both from the aspect of all customers of the system, and from that of the owner of the company. The time criterion directly affects the efficiency of the system, but also the overall costs that this system causes. The developed ANFIS model was compared with a mathematical model through a sensitivity analysis. The mathematical model showed outstanding results, which justifies its development and application.


2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 02127
Author(s):  
Galina Korableva ◽  
Elena Kucherova

The article describes the approach to the generation of production or sales orders for enterprises with ordering planning system. The adaptive method of orders’ generation for production and sales of products is multi-level and includes several stages, allowing forming almost optimal package of applications from consumers, obtained by a mathematical model, the optimization criterion of which is the profit function from product sales. The functional structure of the automated decision support system, which is a tool for implementing an adaptive methodology, is considered. The developed method will reduce energy costs during transportation and storage of production orders.


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