scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing Protocol based on Clustering for Multi-Hop Infrastructure-Less Wireless Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5639-5642
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Set Up

The evolution of mobile computing devices to share information has forced mobile users to opt for a Wide Area Network (WAN). Infrastructure-less network has captured all the surroundings. Therefore, in this work a Cluster based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (CERP) for has been proposed for multi-hop infrastructure-less wireless networks and has been compared with widespread existing protocols. This routing protocol has the capability to identify the backbones from all the existing nodes within the network and circulate them within acceptable time limit. CERP backbones maintain its unique arrangement. They remain stimulated for multi-hop packet hoping while remaining in power budgeting mode. The alternative sensor nodes occasionally check if the present nodes are awaken and can set up itself as the backbone of the network. In order to identify the nodes that are not required and to regulate backbone within specifically defined geographical area, researchers opt to organize a scrutinizer from the backbone. This has to be done beneath them and also in between of the geographic area of the entire network. It has been predicted that the amount of energy saved using proposed protocol will amplify exclusively up to some extent once the density increases.

scholarly journals EERP-DPM: Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Using Dual Prediction Model for Healthcare Using IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Faris A. Almalki ◽  
Soufiene Ben Othman ◽  
Fahad A. Almalki ◽  
Hedi Sakli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Battery Lifetime ◽  
Redundant Data

Healthcare is one of the most promising domains for the application of Internet of Things- (IoT-) based technologies, where patients can use wearable or implanted medical sensors to measure medical parameters anywhere and anytime. The information collected by IoT devices can then be sent to the health care professionals, and physicians allow having a real-time access to patients’ data. However, besides limited batteries lifetime and computational power, there is spatio-temporal correlation, where unnecessary transmission of these redundant data has a significant impact on reducing energy consumption and reducing battery lifetime. Thus, this paper aims to propose a routing protocol to enhance energy-efficiency, which in turn prolongs the sensor lifetime. The proposed work is based on Energy Efficient Routing Protocol using Dual Prediction Model (EERP-DPM) for Healthcare using IoT, where Dual-Prediction Mechanism is used to reduce data transmission between sensor nodes and medical server if predictions match the readings or if the data are considered critical if it goes beyond the upper/lower limits of defined thresholds. The proposed system was developed and tested using MATLAB software and a hardware platform called “MySignals HW V2.” Both simulation and experimental results confirm that the proposed EERP-DPM protocol has been observed to be extremely successful compared to other existing routing protocols not only in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime but also in terms of guaranteeing reliability, throughput, and end-to-end delay.

scholarly journals FCERP: A Novel WSNs Fuzzy Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Zainab Alansari ◽  
Mohammed Siddique ◽  
Mohammed Waleed Ashour
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Clustering ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Routing Algorithms ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Energy Consuming

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are set of sensor nodes to monitor and detect transmitted data to the sink. WSNs face significant challenges in terms of node energy availability, which may impact network sustainability. As a result, developing protocols and algorithms that make the best use of limited resources, particularly energy resources, is critical issues for designing WSNs. Routing algorithms, for example, are unique algorithms as they have a direct and effective relationship with lifetime of network and energy. The available routing protocols employ single-hop data transmission to the sink and clustering per round. In this paper, a Fuzzy Clustering and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (FCERP) that lower the WSNs energy consuming and increase the lifetime of network is proposed. FCERP introduces a new cluster-based fuzzy routing protocol capable of utilizing clustering and multiple hop routing features concurrently using a threshold limit. A novel aspect of this research is that it avoids clustering per round while considering using fixed threshold and adapts multi-hop routing by predicting the best intermediary node for clustering and the sink. Some Fuzzy factors such as residual energy, neighbors amount, and distance to sink considered when deciding which intermediary node to use.

scholarly journals RMEER: Reliable Multi-path Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4366
Author(s):  
Mukhtiar Ahmed ◽  
Mazleena Salleh ◽  
M. Ibrahim Channa ◽  
Mohd Foad Rohani
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Data Forwarding ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Simulation Performance ◽  
Efficient Route

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is interesting area for researchers.To extract the information from seabed to water surface the the majority numbers of routing protocols has been introduced. The design of routing protocols faces many challenges like deployment of sensor nodes, controlling of node mobility, development of efficient route for data forwarding, prolong the battery power of the sensor nodes, and removal of void nodes from active data forwarding paths. This research article focuses the design of the Reliable Multipath Energy Efficient Routing (RMEER) which develops the efficient route between sensor nodes, and prolongs the battery life of the nodes. RMEER is a scalable and robust protocol which utilizes the powerful fixed courier nodes in order to enhance the network throughput, data delivery ratio, network lifetime and reduces the end-to-end delay. RMEER is also an energy efficient routing protocol for saving the energy level of the nodes. We have used the NS2.30 simulator with AquaSim package for performance analysis of RMEER.We observed that the simulation performance of RMEER is better than D-DBR protocol.

scholarly journals ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR INCREASING LIFETIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Tanya Pathak ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Anurag Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

In the recent years, an efficient design of a Wireless Sensor Network has become important in the area of research. The major challenges in the design of Wireless Sensor Network is to improve the network lifetime. The main difficulty for sensor node is to survive in that monitoring area for the longer time that means there is a need to increase the lifetime of the sensor nodes by optimizing the energy and distance. There are various existing routing protocols in which optimal routing can be achieved like Data-Centric, Hierarchical and Location-based routing protocols. In this paper, new power efficient routing protocol is being proposed that not only select the shortest path between the source node and sink node for data transmission but also maximizes the lifetime of the participating nodes by selecting the best path for sending the data packet across the network. The main objective of this research is to develop a faster algorithm to find the energy efficient route for Wireless Sensor Network. Simulation results shows that this strategy achieves long network lifetime when compared to the other standard protocols.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Social Sensing Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-651
Author(s):  
Salem Sati ◽  
Ahmed Sohoud ◽  
Tareg Abulifa
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Mobile Sensing ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Mobile Sensors ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Social Sensing

Mobile Social Sensing Network (MSSN) is a subclass of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). This MSSN is consists of mobile sensing transducers carried by people. Sensing information gathered by mobile sensors will transmit to the data sink. This data sink may it is fixed or mobile. But in optimal cases, it should have efficient energy and position compared with other mobile sensors. On the other hand, mobile sensors may have a social tie because they carried by people. Traditional MANET routing protocols such as AODV and DSR are inapplicable or perform poorly for mobile social data sensing. Especially for distributed mobile social sensing. Insufficient performance due to the nature of the mobile sensors which suffering from a limited energy source. In recent days, there are many routing protocols proposed by researchers. These protocols improve the total delivered messagesin mobile social sensing networks, but most of them do not take into account the link bandwidth and node storage limitation, thus routing may lead to more energy consumption among mobile sensing nodes. In this paper, we design an Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol (EERP) for mobile social sensing networks. We consider the node energy as a balance function between the delay of collected data and transmission of sensor nodes to the data sink. Furthermore, we also develop an enhanced version of the suggested EERP which named EERP+S, EERP+S combines the energy percentage and social metric of node degree. EERP and its updated version EERP+S are dynamically adjusting the control function based on data delay and transmission in addition to node activity. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of EERP and EERP+S compared with the flooding behavior of an Epidemic. Epidemic and its social version Ep-Soc are compared with suggested protocols in distributed mobile social sensing paradigms.

scholarly journals Determination of the K-optimal number of chains-based routing protocol formed by the K-Means algorithm for the WSN

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 917
Author(s):  
Samah Alnajdi ◽  
Fuad Bajaber
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
The Many

<span>Wireless sensor networks comprise of a large number of lightweight and relatively low-cost computational nodes which their main task is to sense the surrounding environment and collect the information to send it wirelessly to a central point to take the appropriate actions. Although these networks had been used in various applications, achieving this task is challenging due to the many constraints of sensor nodes including their limited processing power, communication bandwidth, and power supply. Therefore, an energy efficient routing protocols had to be developed specifically for sensor networks to insure longer lifetime and reasonable performance of the network. In this work, we propose an energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol using chain-based clustering. <span>By simulation on MATLAB, the proposed protocol proved to enhance the performance as it prolongs the lifetime of the network and decreases the energy consumption, the transmission delay, and the overhead compared to other existing protocols as it depends on some advanced methods including dynamic selection of number of chains method, k-means clustering method, advanced greedy chain construction method, and multi-factor based leader selection method.</span></span>

An Advanced Tree Based Energy Routing Protocol

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Sonam Ashok Kamble ◽  
Dilip S. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Life Work ◽  
Energy Routing

A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of hundreds to thousands of sensor nodes, working in any physical environment, and having sensing, computation and communication capabilities. Each sensor node in WSN is capable of communicating with each other and the base station (BS) for the purpose of data integration and dissemination. As the battery replacement is not easy for WSN with thousands of physically embedded nodes, energy conservation becomes one of the most important challenges in WSNs. And hence there is a need for energy efficient routing protocol to offer a long-life work time. In this paper, we propose an Advanced Tree Based Energy Routing Protocol.  In this protocol for each round BS assigns a root node and broadcasts this selection to all sensor nodes. And then each node selects its parent by considering itself and its neighbour’s information, thus making it a dynamic protocol. It is a hierarchical protocol of WSN which increases the lifetime of network by using the energy of the network by using the energy of the network in an efficient way.

scholarly journals Efficient Energy Routing Protocol based on Energy & Buffer Residual Status (EBRS) for Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S5) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Communication Range ◽  
Bottleneck Node

Wireless networks consist of nodes, having the ability that, they can sense and collect the information from the nearby surroundings. It has the responsibility of designed protocol to send this collected information by data gathering and forward it to the outside network via a sink node. Furthermore, WSNs doesn’t need any predetermined network structure; all the nodes used in WSN can operate as a router as well as the host. It uses multiple hops to send information to the node outside the communication range through different neighbor nodes. All the sensor nodes in WSN have their range of communication and can send and collect messages straight to each other until they were in the communication range. Moreover, the Self-organizing property of nodes in the network made WSN outstanding amongst the major applications. Nevertheless, the wireless nodes there in the network have a battery with restricted energy and can’t be recharge or change once deployed. Hence, the node energy must be utilized efficiently for various functions as sensing the information, processing the sensed information, and transmitting the processed information to another node. With the enhancements of the innovation and cost-effective hardware, our visualization presents a tremendous life enhancement of WSN into several new applications. To modify following such background, the energy-efficient routing protocol is extremely desirable and can be achieved by clustering in WSN. In the literature survey, various energy-efficient routing techniques based on cluster have been given to attain the energy-efficiency and enhance the lifetime of the network. However, these protocols were suffering from the bottleneck node issue. It is the situation in the network where the router node subjected to heavy traffic due to its presence in energy-efficient routing path or high remaining energy. This paper aims to moderate the possibility of the node to become a bottleneck node throughout the application. Thus, we attain the objective by design and develop the cluster-based efficient-routing protocol by selecting the head nodes of the cluster based on their residual energy and buffer status. Performance outcome shows that the projected work out-performs in contrast with present cluster-based routing protocols.

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