PERBANDINGAN EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) SEBAGAI LARVASIDA PADA LARVA Aedes aegypti DAN Aedes albopictus INSTAR III-IV

2018 ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Emma Mardliyah ◽  
Muhammad Fakhri Nur F ◽  
Lia Siti Halimah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Virus Zika

Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus merupakan vektor utama penyakit demam dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, dan virus zika yang masih menjadi masalah di Indonesia. Pengendalian vektor yang mudah diaplikasikan adalah penggunaan larvasida. Biji pepaya (Carica papaya L) adalah salah satu tumbuhan yang memiliki potensi sebagai larvasida karena mengandung flavonoid, tanin, coumarin, saponin dan alkaloid. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak etanol biji pepaya sebagai larvasida terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus serta perbandingan efek ekstrak tersebut terhadap Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Kelompok uji yang digunakan, yaitu 1,5%, 1,8%, 2,1%, 2,4%, dan 2,7%. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis Test dan Mann Whitney Test dengan p<0,05 sehingga dapat disimpulkan setiap konsentrasi dapat memberikan efek sebagai larvasida secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif. Selanjutnya, dilakukan analisis probit didapatkan nilai LC50 ekstrak etanol biji pepaya terhadap larva Aedes aegypti adalah 1,8% dan larva Aedes albopictus adalah 1,5%. Maka dapat disimpulkan ekstrak etanol biji pepaya berpotensi sebagai larvasida pada Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus dengan efektivitas lebih besar pada Aedes albopictus dibandingkan Aedes aegypti. Hal tersebut terjadi karena Aedes aegypti lebih sering terpapar oleh temefos dibandingkan Aedes albopictus sehingga telah terjadi resistensi.

scholarly journals Zika Vírus e o Futuro da Odontologia no Atendimento a Pacientes com Microcefalia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Sângela Maria da Silva Pereira ◽  
Alberto Sabin Moura Borba ◽  
Jaqueline De Fátima Lopes Rosa ◽  
Ceci Nunes Carvalho ◽  
Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Zika

O Zika Vírus (ZIKV) é um arbovírus, que tem o ácido ribonucleico como seu material genético, pertence a família Flaviviridae e é transmitido principalmente pelos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus, tendo-se registros também da sua transmissão por fluídos corporais. Desde Maio de 2015 o Brasil enfrenta um surto do vírus, que se espalhou rapidamente pelas Américas causando preocupação devido a possível relação do vírus com a microcefalia, que foi detectada no líquido amniótico e placenta de mulheres com fetos microcéfalos. Os pacientes acometidos com microcefalia possuem um perímetro cefálico inferior à média para o sexo e idade, e na maioria dos casos está associado à estrutura cerebral alterada, problemas de desenvolvimento e características faciais dismórficas. Estas características afetam não apenas o estado de saúde geral do paciente, mais também o atendimento odontológico, que se torna dificultado devido ao pequeno número de profissionais habilitados para o atendimento a pacientes especiais e ao pouco conhecimento das características craniofaciais e dentárias destes indivíduos. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as características craniofaciais que influenciam no atendimento odontológico e uma perspectiva sobre o futuro da odontologia no atendimento dos pacientes acometidos com microcefalia. Palavras-chave: Microcefalia, manifestações orais, Vírus Zika

scholarly journals Efektivitas Larvasida Granul Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pisang Nangka (Musa x paradisiaca L.) terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
Anna Yuliana ◽  
Rusdi Aris Rinaldi ◽  
Nur Rahayuningsih ◽  
Firman Gustaman
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
P Value ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Granule Formulation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
And Control ◽  
Test Result

Musa x paradisiaca L. leaves are known to contain phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and other compounds that can be used as larvicides. This study aims to determine the effect of Musa x paradisiaca L leaves’ ethanol extract granules on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae. The Research was experimental in two stages of effectiveness testing, that are extract and granule formula effectiveness test. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test. The extraction method used was maceration using 96% ethanol. The concentration of the extract dosage used were 0.2; 0.5; 1; 2; and 4%, with control (+) temephos and control (-). Repetitions were carried out 3 times with a sample total of 675 larvae. Observations were made for 12 and 24 hours. Preparation of granules using 2 formulas, formula 1 granules without extract and formula 2 granules with the extract. To fulfill the granule formulation criteria, the preparation was evaluated. The results showed that the concentration of 4% extract was the most effective at 98.7%, as stated by the Kruskal-Wallis test result,p-value <0.05, which means that there was an effect on the effectiveness of larvicide. The percentage of mortality of larvae given formula 2 is 100% and based on the Mann-Whitney test with value p<0.05, there is a difference between granule 1 and 2 formula. Criteria of granule including moisture content (1.72 %), angle of rest 240, flow velocity (50 gr/sec), and dispersion time (2.25 minutes). The granular formula of Musa x paradisiaca L leaves can make the application easier and hopefully can be used as effectively as synthetic larvicide in the community.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BERBAGAI DOSIS EKSTRAK DAUN PEPAYA CALIFORNIA (Carica Papaya L) TERHADAP KEMATIAN LARVA Aedes aegypti DI LABORATORIUM BALAI LITBANG P2B2 BANJARNEGARA TAHUN 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Mokhammad Marzulio ◽  
Marsum Marsum
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Carica Papaya

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit menular disebabkan oleh virus dengue yang ditularkanke manusia melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Pengendalian dapat dilakukan denganmembasmi nyamuk dewasa dan larva.pengendalian larva dapat dilakukan secara biologi , fisika dan kimia denganmenggunakan insektisida . Banyak dampak negatif dari penggunaan insektisida kimia dapat ditanggulangi denganmenggunakan bahan dari tumbuhan. Salah satunya daun pepaya california yang mengandung senyawa alkoloidkarpain, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin sebagi larvasida. Jenis Penelitian ini True eksperimen. Analisis yangdigunakan menggunakan analisis SPSS Anova dan Uji Probit. Hasil Penelitian kematian Larva Aedes aegypti padakonsentrasi 40% adalah 60%, konsentrasi 60 % = 80% dan konsentrasi 80% = 100%. LC50 yang direkomendasikanadalah 0,395% dan LC90 sebesar 0,625 %. Hasil uji anova antar perlakuan (sig = .000) kurang dari nilai α (0,05),jadi artinya ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara berbagai konsentrasi terhadap kematianlarva Aedes aegypti.Simpulan penelitian ini, konsentrasi yang paling efektif adalah 80% yang mampu membunuh 100 % Larva .LC50yang direkomendasikan sebesar 0,395% dan LC90

Efektifitas Penggunaan Metode Pembelajaran Simulasi Dengan Latihan Terhadap Keterampilan Pengisian Partograf Pada Mahasiswa Semester II Di Prodi Kebidanan (D-III) Universitas Kadiri Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dessy Lutfiasari ◽  
Mahmudah Mahmudah
Keyword(s):  
Current Method ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Training Simulation

The use of the current method of learning very big influence on the growth and development of students' creativity and interest for all subjects to be taught, especially in the use of partograf. From interviews to the 10 students of IV semester Prodi Midwifery (D-III) Kadiri University is known that 4 (40%) of students said it was understood, 4 (40%) of other students say they are confused and 2 (20%) of them said that he was a student not familiar with partograf. This shows the lack of understanding of students in filling partograph. The research objective is to determine the effectiveness of the use of learning methods for skills training simulation with filling partograph the second semester students in Midwifery (D-III) Kadiri University Faculty of Health Sciences in 2015. The research design used is pre experiment with design Static Group Comparison/Posttest Only Control Group Design. The population studied were all students of the second semester in Midwifery (D-III) Faculty of Health Sciences University of Kadiri numbered 50 students and sampling techniques Federer totaled 32 students. This is a research instrument partograph sheet. Results of the study were analyzed using the Mann Whitney test with a significance level of 0.05 were used.The results showed 7 respondents (46.7%) are adept at using partograf with simulation teaching methods and 6 respondents (40.0%) are adept at using partograph with practice learning methods. Data were analyzed by Mann Whitney test obtained ρ = 0.965; α = 0.05 means that H0 is accepted and H1 rejected. This means there is no difference in the effective use of learning methods for skills training simulation with partograph filling. Based on the results of this study are expected to choose the method of learning as a learning method in charging partograph because both methods equally effective.; Keywords: simulation methods, drilling methods, partograph filling

Distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in different eco zones of Thiruvananthapuram city with special reference to dengue viremia in humans

ENTOMON ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
S. Sunil Kumar ◽  
D.A. Evans ◽  
K. Muthulakshmi ◽  
T. DilipKumar ◽  
R. Heera Pillai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Distribution Study ◽  
Urban Zone ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Vector Management ◽  
Efficient Vector

Mosquito index study of three ecologically different ecozones of the Thiruvananthapuram district, Kerala showed sharp difference on the proportionate distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Human dengue viremia (HDV) was very high in those ecozones where A.aegypti density was high and HDV was low where A.albopictus was high. In a coastal zone of Thiruvananthapuram city, A. aegypti was the most abundant vector and in a hilly, arid suburban zone, A.albopictus was the abundant vector. In the urban zone both species of mosquitoes showed equal distribution. Study on the circulating serotypes in the serum of HDV by Single step single tube Multiplex PCR showed all the four serotypes viz DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4 in patients of Thiruvananthapuram city, which indicated the possibility of Dengue Shock Syndrome, unless there is efficient vector management. Among the four dengue serotypes, Type 1 was the most abundant virus. Abundance of microhabitats in Thiruvananthapuram city, which support A. aegypti may be the reason for high prevalence of dengue fever in the urban zone.

A Simple PCR Assay for Discrimination of Dengue Vectors from Nsukka LGA, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Amos Watentena ◽  
Ikem Chris Okoye ◽  
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah ◽  
Onwude Cosmas Ogbonnaya ◽  
Emmanuel Ogudu
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Aedes Mosquitoes ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Arboviral Diseases ◽  
Dengue Vectors

Mosquitoes of Aedes species are vectors of several arboviral diseases which continue to be a major public health problem in Nigeria. This study among other things, morphologically identified Aedes mosquitoes collected from Nsukka LGA and used an allele specific PCR amplification for discrimination of dengue vectors. Larval sampling, BG-sentinel traps and modified human landing catches were used for mosquito sampling in two selected autonomous communities of Nsukka LGA (Nsukka and Obimo). A total of 124 Aedes mosquitoes consisting of five (5) different species were collected from April to June, 2019 in a cross-sectional study that covered 126 households, under 76 distinct geographical coordinates. Larvae was mainly collected from plastic containers 73% (n=224), metallic containers 14% (n=43), earthen pots 9% (n=29) and used car tyres 3% (n=9), reared to adult stage 69.35% (n=86), and all mosquitoes were identified using standard morphological keys. Five (5) Aedes mosquito species were captured; Aedes aegypti 83(66.94%), Aedes albopictus 33(26.61%), Aedes simpsoni (4.48%), Aedes luteocephalus (≤1%) and Aedes vittatus (≤1%). Nsukka autonomous community had higher species diversity than Obimo. Allele specific amplification confirmed dengue vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species on a 2% agarose gel. Since the most recent re-emergence of arboviral diseases is closely associated with Aedes species, findings of this study, therefore, give further evidence about the presence of potential arboviral vectors in Nigeria and describe the role of a simple PCR in discriminating some. Further entomological studies should integrate PCR assays in mosquito vector surveillance.

RELAÇÃO DE CAUSALIDADE ENTRE A FEBRE DA ZIKA E MICROCEFALIA NO BRASIL: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Emanuel Dantas Mercês ◽  
Angela de Souza Cajuhi ◽  
Lorena Conceição Souza dos Santos ◽  
Rudval Souza da Silva ◽  
Cleuma Sueli Santos Suto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Electronic Library

O Zika vírus é um arbovírus transmitido pela picada dos mosquitos Aedes aegypti e Aedes albopictus infectados e apresentam como principais manifestações clínicas: febre aguda, exantema, prurido e conjuntivite. Em 2015 causou uma epidemia no Brasil, desencadeando casos de microcefalia em bebês cujas gestantes tiveram a febre da Zika. O Nordeste notificou o maior número de casos. Objetivou-se identificar, a partir de uma revisão integrativa, a relação entre a febre da Zika e a microcefalia. Trata-se de revisão integrativa, realizada a partir de buscas desenvolvidas nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) com publicações dos anos de 2015 e 2016, idiomas português e inglês. Foram encontradas 191 publicações, as quais passaram por um processo de leitura e análise quanto ao atendimento do objetivo e aplicação dos critérios de inclusão. Restaram oito publicações que integraram o corpus desta revisão. Os resultados apontam para uma relação de causa e efeito entre o contato das gestantes com o Zika vírus e o desenvolvimento de microcefalia em seus bebês. Necessita-se de maiores evidências que demonstrem os reais fatores envolvidos nesse processo, como os genéticos, ambientais e até mesmo interferência de outras infecções. Palavras-chave: Zika vírus. Microcefalia. Aplicações da epidemiologia.

scholarly journals Pilot Study of Acupuncture’s Antispasmodic Effect on Upper Gastrointestinal Tract during Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Early Gastric Cancer: Controlled Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3050
Author(s):  
Masao Suzuki ◽  
Naoto Ishizaki ◽  
Takumi Kayo ◽  
Taiga Furuta ◽  
Ryo Igarashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Whitney Test ◽  
Submucosal Dissection ◽  
Mann Whitney Test ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

A prospective study was conducted in patients with early-stage gastric cancer to determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture stimulation as an antispasmodic compared with conventional medication during the procedure of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the upper gastrointestinal tract. This study was a prospective single blinded quasi-randomized controlled trial. Seventy-three patients who were scheduled to undergo ESD for gastric cancer at Aizu Medical Center between 19 February 2016 and 30 June 2016 were assessed for eligibility for the study. Sixty out of 73 patients were included in the study and assigned into two intervention groups: medication group (MG) and acupuncture group (AG). Ease of the procedure was evaluated using modified NIWA classification (MNC) by endoscopist considering the frequency and amplitude of the upper gastrointestinal peristalsis. For the statistical analysis, Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the differences of MNC values (baseline and end of procedure) between two groups. The difference of MNC found in the AG (−2.00 (−3.0 to −2.0)) was significantly greater than that in the MG (−1.00 (−2.0 to −1.0), p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test). We consider that acupuncture to the abdomen could be an alternative antispasmodic method during upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure.

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