scholarly journals Culture, Institutions and Financial Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Kyriaki I. Kafka
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Complementary Relationship ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Development Framework ◽  
Interaction Term

When culture and institutions coevolve, which means that these are changing simultaneously and in the same direction, financial development is facilitated. In contrast, when institutions and the cultural background deviate from this development, their asynchronous and different direction changes may lead to a series of failed attempts to implement a modernized financial development framework. Thus, the purpose of the paper is to highlight whether the institutional and cultural backgrounds operate in a complementary or substitute way in terms of their role in financial development. An unbalanced panel dataset comprising 98 countries over the last four decades (1981–2019) is used. The empirical results indicate that both the institutional background and the cultural background positively affect financial development. Furthermore, there is a complementary relationship between the institutional background and the cultural background in terms of their role in financial development; when both sizes are at a strong level, this leads to the highest level of financial development, while when at least one or both are at a weak level, the financial development is lower. Moreover, the interaction term of the two sizes has a positive and statistically significant effect on financial development in all tests performed. Lastly, the institutional background seems to have a greater impact on the formation of the level of financial development in relation to the cultural background. To upgrade the financial development of their economies, policymakers have to realize economic policies that change the institutional background and simultaneously change the cultural background in the same direction.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Impact of the Ideology Differences on Films — Take The Captain and Sullyas Examples

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Weiyi Li ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
Social Ideology ◽  
The World ◽  
Similar Theme ◽  
The Impact

China and the United States share significant differences in social ideology and cultural backgrounds, resulting in many differences in narrative, humanistic expression, communication and target market positioning of films with the similar theme. This essay takes The Captain and Sully as examples. Through analysis and summary, the writer finds that the differences in social ideology and cultural background have an impact on the narrative tactic, target market, the production, and the circulation strategy of films. For example, at the narrative theme level, The Captain is country-centered, while Sully pays more attention to the inner changes of the characters. In terms of production, The Captain pays more attention to the excitement brought to the audience watching the movie, while Sully pays more attention to the movie story itself. In the choice of target market, the target market of The Captain is positioned in China, while Sully positioned in the world. The distinctive choices of plot and theme of the two films reflect the differences in cultures and ideologies of the two countries. The purpose of this essay is to provide film workers with new creative ideas through analysis, and to lead readers to think.

Housing price and enterprise financing: does mortgage effect exist?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujing Li ◽  
Nan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
High Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the rise in housing prices on enterprise financing and also the sustainability and heterogeneity of this effect. Design/methodology/approach Empirical test, panel data, fixed-effect model, IV and 2SLS were used in this paper. Findings The empirical results indicate that the mortgage effect does exist, and the authors further analyze the heterogeneity of this effect by dividing the sample based on the degree of financial development and property rights; the empirical results reveal that the mortgage effect is significantly higher in places with the high level of financial development. Besides, compared to the SOE enterprise, the mortgage effect has more influence on non-SOE companies. Research limitations/implications The results indicate that the mortgage effect should be considered when regulating housing market, and in order to improve the financing capability of company, its profitability and financial market efficiency should be emphasized. Originality/value This paper not only confirms the existence of the mortgage effect, but also explores its sustainability and heterogeneity, which reveals the risk and bubble in the effect of house market on enterprise financing, and enlightens how to promote financing ability of company.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards Social Oocyte Freezing from a Socio-cultural Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (07) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Schick ◽  
Réka Sexty ◽  
Beate Ditzen ◽  
Tewes Wischmann
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
German Society ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Desire To Have Children ◽  
Fertility Problems ◽  
Oocyte Freezing

Abstract Introduction The tendency to delay parenthood is increasing. It is partly driven by the availability of early reproductive technologies such as social oocyte freezing, the cryopreservation of oocytes for non-medical purposes. The goal of this study was to investigate relationships between attitudes towards social oocyte freezing and different socio-cultural backgrounds in a German sample cohort. Materials and Methods A quantitative online questionnaire was compiled. A total of 643 participants completed the questionnaire which included items on attitudes toward social oocyte freezing, socio-demographics and items, obtained from the German DELTA Institute for Social and Ecological Research, devised to indicate specific milieus. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric methods. Results There were clear correlations between attitudes towards social oocyte freezing and socio-cultural background, gender, cohort age, fertility problems, and attitudes to fertility. Positive attitudes towards social oocyte freezing were linked to struggles with fertility, a current or general wish to have a child, and flexible, progressive and self-oriented values. Participants who preferred to become parents at a younger age tended to reject cryopreservation. Conclusions The huge number of university graduates, persons with fertility problems, and persons from specific socio-cultural backgrounds in our sample point to distinct groups interested in reproductive technologies such as social oocyte freezing. The investigated differences as a function of socio-cultural background suggest that more research into the desire to have children in German society is needed. In conclusion, it may be necessary to develop targeted family planning interventions to prevent affected women from buying into a false sense of security, thereby risking unwanted childlessness.

scholarly journals ETHNOMATHEMATICA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA (PEMBELAJARAN BILANGAN DENGAN MEDIA BATIK MADURA, TARI KHAS TRENGGAL DAN TARI KHAS MADURA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Dyah Worowirastri Ekowati ◽  
Dian Ika Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Nawang Sulistyani
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Activities

Abstract: Cultural-based mathematics learning is a model of learning approach that prioritizes students' activities with a variety of cultural backgrounds, which are known as ethnomathematica. In this article will be elaborated mathematical activities that use cultural background. Therefore, this paper will describe a) how the application of ethnomathematica in mathematics learning, b) how the number of learning with batik madura, typical trenggal dance and typical madura dance.Keyword: learning mathematics, batik madura, dance typical trenggal, dance typical maduraAbstrak: Pembelajaran matematika berbasis budaya merupakan suatu model pendekatan pembelajaran yang lebih mengutamakan aktivitas siswa dengan berbagai ragam latar belakang budaya yang dimiliki, yang selanjutnya dikenal dengan ethnomathematica. Dalam artikel ini akan dijelas aktivitas matematika yang menggunakan latar belakang budaya. Oleh karenanya, makalah ini akan menjabarkan a) Bagaimana penerapan ethnomathematica dalam pembelajaran matematika, b) Bagaimana pembelajaran bilangan dengan media batik madura, tari khas trenggal dan tari khas madura.Kata Kunci: ethnomathematica, pembelajaran matematika, batik madura, tari khas trenggal, tari khas madura

scholarly journals ‘n Kruiskulturele ondersoek na eensaamheid onder studente van die Universiteit van die Vrystaat

Curationis ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
White Students ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
The University

Many young people today are lonely and hopeless, and feel that life has no meaning. The existing literature indicates that this phenomenon is taking on near-epidemic proportions in industrialised Western countries. A considerable amount of cross-cultural investigations have already been conducted overseas between different population groups, in order to determine what the causes of this phenomenon are and whether culture plays an important role in the development of loneliness. As far as this type of research is concerned South Africa is currently far behind the rest of the world. Serious efforts shall have to be made to determine whether loneliness is taking on the same proportions locally and if certain population groups are more vulnerable than others, because it could have far-reaching consequences on their physical as well as psychological health. South Africa has a rich population variety which could enable researchers to investigate emotional constructs like loneliness that could contribute to the unravelling of this multifaceted phenomenon. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to determine whether students from different cultural backgrounds at the University of the Free State differ from each other, as far as their experience of loneliness is concerned. Questionnaires were distributed among students and 270 respondents, of which 122 were white and 148 black, took part in this study. A factorial analysis of variance was applied on the data, with loneliness as dependent variable, and cultural background, gender and age as independent variables. The results firstly show that cultural background is a very important variable as far as loneliness is concerned. Black students are significantly more lonely than white students while no gender and age differences between the groups were found.

Attracting prosocial lenders from different cultures to help others in microlending

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
JungHwa (Jenny) Hong ◽  
Kyung-Ah (Kay) Byun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of culture and future orientation in lenders’ prosocial microlending behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments examine how different cultural backgrounds, either individualistic or collectivistic, influenced microlenders’ prosocial behaviors, including the amount of microlending, the willingness to help and the length of commitment. Further, the moderating role of future orientation among individualists is investigated. Findings Results indicate that cultural differences influence prosocial microlending differently such that individualists give less to people in need compared to collectivists. Further, the author found that future orientation helps lenders in individualistic culture to improve prosocial microlending behaviors. Originality/value This paper emphasizes the role of cultural background and future orientation in promoting lenders’ prosocial giving in the context of microlending. The results assist social marketers to understand how to motivate giving behaviors via microlending among lenders in different cultures depending on future orientation.

The Effect of Culture on Email Use

2011 ◽  
pp. 213-234
Author(s):  
Jonathan Frank ◽  
Janet Toland ◽  
Karen Schenk
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
The South ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Business Information Systems ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The University ◽  
Academic Content

This chapter examines how students from different cultural backgrounds use email to communicate with other students and teachers. The South Pacific region, isolated, vast, and culturally diverse, was selected as an appropriate research environment in which to study the effect of cultural differences and educational technology on distance learning. The context of this research was two competing distance education institutions in Fiji, the University of the South Pacific and Central Queensland University. Three research questions were addressed: Does cultural background affect the extent to which students use email to communicate with educators and other students for academic and social reasons? Does cultural background affect the academic content of email messages? Does cultural background influence students’ preference to ask questions or provide answers using email instead of face-to-face communication? To address these issues, two studies were conducted in parallel. Subjects were drawn from business information systems and computer information technology classes at the University of the South Pacific (USP) and Central Queensland University (CQU).  Four hundred students at USP were surveyed about their email usage. In the CQU study, postings to course discussion lists by 867 students were analyzed. The results of these studies suggest that there are significant differences in the use of email by students from different cultural backgrounds.

How Cultural and Learning Style Differences Impact Students’ Learning Preferences in Blended Learning

2012 ◽  
pp. 30-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Tempelaar ◽  
Bart Rienties ◽  
Bas Giesbers ◽  
Sybrand Schim van der Loeff
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Learning Preferences ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
First Year Students

In teaching introductory statistics to first year students, the Maastricht University uses a blended learning environment that allows them to attune available learning tools to personal preferences and needs, in order to address large diversity in students. That diversity is a direct consequence of a heterogeneous inflow of primarily international students, transferring from different secondary school systems with large differences in prior knowledge, and transferring from very different cultural backgrounds. In this empirical contribution, the authors focus on the role an adaptive online tutorial as component of the blend can play in bridging the consequences of a broad range of differences such as prior mastery of the subject, cultural background, and learning approaches. They do so by investigating the relationships between the intensity of the use of the e-tutorial and students’ characteristics related to nationality, cultural background, learning styles, goal-setting behavior, achievement motivations, self-concept constructs, and subject attitudes.

The Impact of Offender–Victim Cultural Backgrounds on the Likelihood of Receiving Diversion

2021 ◽  
pp. 088740342110463
Author(s):  
Bella Warner ◽  
Ben Spivak ◽  
Linda Ashford ◽  
Rebecca Fix ◽  
James Ogloff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Indigenous Status ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive

The extent to which both an alleged offender and victim’s cultural background influences how one is processed through the Australian criminal justice system is largely unknown. Such information would provide some insight into the extent of discrimination within the system. To address this question, this study aimed to ascertain whether offender/victim pairings across Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultural backgrounds predicted the likelihood of receiving diversion for first-time offenders. The sample comprised 5,616 young people aged between 10 and 17 years, from the state of New South Wales, charged with (a) an offense eligible for diversion, and (b) a crime against a person. Chi-square analyses and binary logistic regression were employed to determine proportions of inter- and intra-cultural offending and the likelihood of receiving diversion dependant on cultural grouping. Results demonstrated that charges for intra-cultural crime (within cultural group) were more likely to occur than charges for intercultural crime (between cultural groups). Indigenous subjects were more likely to receive a court summons. An Indigenous subject charged with an offense against an Indigenous victim was more than 2 times more likely to receive a court summons compared with a non-Indigenous offense against a non-Indigenous victim. An Indigenous suject charged with an offense against a non-Indigenous victim was also more likely to receive a court summons compared with a non-Indigenous/Indigenous offender/victim dyad. Findings indicate that Indigenous status is clearly impacting decisions to divert regardless of the victim’s cultural background. Further research is recommended to explore the situational reasons that underpin decisions to divert on the ground.

STEAM Education: Technological Skills, Students’ Cultural Background and Covid-19 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Thierry Dana-Picard ◽  
Sara Hershkovitz
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Specific Population ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Steam Education ◽  
Cultural Interest ◽  
Initial Description ◽  
Short Time

AbstractWe present an initial description of an ongoing research project. Students are attracted to learn mathematics, not only for its application but also for their cultural interest. The students’ cultural backgrounds are used, and situations are analyzed and modeled using technology. This first step has been instrumental in making the transition to distance learning necessary due to the Covid-19 crisis. We focus on a specific population of students who had to overcome, within a short time, two important transitions in the learning processes.

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