scholarly journals Analysis of Dialect in Minangkabau Language Between Padang and Sijunjung Dialect

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
Yessy Marzona
Keyword(s):  
Standard Language ◽  
The Difference

Minangkabau people have many dialects, every region has one dialect. Padang and Sijunjung do not have same dialect. Padang city uses Minangkabau Language because this is a standard language eventhought they has many varieties dialect use in daily communication. Padang and Sijunjung, both of which are often called Minangkabau language, are different dialect rather than different dialect of one language because they are not mutually intelligible in their spoken form. The problems are the difference between phoneme in Padang and Sijunjung dialect and phonem deletion and additional in Padang and Sijunjung dialect. There are differences between phoneme of Padang dialect and Sijunjung dialect. The difference of phoneme can be seen in their vowels and consonants in several position of phoneme such as initial, medial and final.

scholarly journals To the issue of defining and distinguishing vernacular, common slang and slang in Russian

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Marina A. Kropacheva ◽  
Ekaterina S. Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Functional Language ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The People ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Colloquial Speech

Difficulties in describing such notions as vernacular, common slang and slang and the reference of certain lexical units or texts to a particular language phenomenon stem from the variety of opinions and ways of defining each of them. These debatable questions have become more distinctive in Russian linguistics with the growing contacts with European linguistic schools and therefore copying the terms without adapting them to Russian theory of language. The using of these terms is becoming chaotic due to the fact that modern Russian linguistics often neglects the basic achievements of Soviet linguistics in the field of distinguishing language varieties. The article considers two approaches to the definition of vernacular, common slang and slang: from the point of view of their being fully functional language varieties and from the point of view of their functional facilities. As a result of the analysis of the data about language varieties, a conclusion is drawn about the common and different in these concepts. If these notions considered as similar to major language varieties such as standard language, standard colloquial speech and territorial dialects, then they cannot be called fully functional language varieties, since they have an extremely vague social base, they are characterized by a low degree of standardization, functional diversity and the intersection of their lexical content. Thus, it can be concluded that such language phenomena belong to the specific kind of language variations that are defined by their transitional nature. If functional facility of vernacular, common slang and slang is considered, it is worth noting that there are a lot of stylistically marked lexical units in slang. They are slightly less numerous in vernacular, and even less numerous in common slang. This peculiarity stems from the fact that common slang includes lexical units able to function as the fillers of the gaps in standard language, standard colloquial speech or territorial dialects. It should be noted that the lexical units of all three language phenomena are used in various communication situations even by the people who are well versed in the norms of the standard language. The fact that lexical units belong to vernacular, common slang or slang does not prevent well-educated speakers from using all stylistic functions of such units. Speakers who know the difference between standard and slang or vernacular words are able to vary these language tools to attract the attention of a certain category of people (for example, for advertising, communicating with youth, etc.).

scholarly journals Phoneme in Minangkabau Language Between Padang Dialect and Lintau Buo Dialect

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Yessy Marzona
Keyword(s):  
Standard Language ◽  
The Difference

Minangkabau people have many dialects, every region has one dialect. Padang and Lintau do not have same dialect. Padang city uses Minangkabau Language because this is a standard language eventhought they has many varieties dialect use in daily communication.Padang and Lintau Buo, both of which are often called Minangkabau language, are different dialect rather than different dialect of one language because they are not mutually intelligible in their spoken form. The problems are the difference between phoneme in Padang and Lintau Buo dialect and phonem deletion and additional in Padang and Lintau Buo dialect. There are differences between phoneme of Padang dialect and Lintau Buo dialect. The difference of phoneme can be seen in their vowels and consonants in several position of phoneme such as initial, medial and final.Phoneme

scholarly journals Analysis of Ethical Differences in Student Speaking of Educators in SDN Kedungturi and SD Al Islam Plus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assa’Diah Eka Rahmawati ◽  
Muhlasin Amrullah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grade 3

This study aims to describe the differences in speaking ethics of students in SD Al Islam and SDN Kedungturi and describe the causes of differences in the ethics of speaking students against teachers in SD Al Islam and SDN Kedungturi. This study used qualitative research methods. Where this research is researchers used to examine the condition of natural objects. In qualitative research researchers are very important because researchers are key instruments. In this study researchers used triangulation (combined) sources. Research instruments in the form of interviews and observations. Research instruments in the form of interviews and observations.  From the results of observations and interviews researchers can answer the problem formulation which is divided into 3 indicators, namely: (1) according to the teacher and from the interview results students are friendly and also polite both at school and outside of school, (2) students speak politely to the teacher, both at  inside and outside the classroom, (3) grade 3 students are difficult to talk to using standard language, they are more likely to use language that is easily understood by him. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded there are some differences between the two. But the difference is said to be not too significant. The reason for the existence of these differences is because both have different ways of delivering and applying learning to students. It is also because the environment between the two is very different.

scholarly journals O NASTANKU ITALIJANSKOG JEZIKA I SPECIFIČNOSTIMA ODNOSA STANDARDNI JEZIK - DIJALEKTI / ON THE ORIGIN OF THE ITALIAN LANGUAGE AND SPECIFICITIES OF THE RELATION BETWEEN THE STANDARD LANGUAGE AND DIALECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 264-287
Author(s):  
Nerma Kerla
Keyword(s):  
Standard Language ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Italian Language ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Status ◽  
Italian Soil ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Italian Dialects

The subject of this paper is the relation of the standard Italian language to the dialects present on the territory of Italy. In the first part of the paper, we will focus on the basic concepts such as the difference between the standard language and dialects, on the prestige it has in comparison to dialects, as well as on linguistic varieties. Since the issue of language is often related to socio-historical aspects, in the second part of the paper we will look at the development of the Italian language and its role in raising awareness of national identity. We will then explain the concept of dialect and see that, specifically on Italian soil, dialectal differences can as considerable as to prevent communication within the same language. We will briefly look at some Italian dialects, such as Venetian, Sardinian and Neapolitan, and the status they enjoy. We will also mention contemporary attitudes about the use of dialects in Italy and some of the tendencies of the modernItalian language.

scholarly journals REGISTER USED IN BIRD TRADING AT DEPOK MARKET, SOLO: A STUDY OF SOCIOLINGUISTICS

Sirok Bastra ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
NFN Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Social Group ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
The Difference

AbstractIn using language people not only use the standard language which is easy to understand but also use languagevariation which will show their identity. They use register in their communication process which is clearlyunderstood by a particular people. That is why, to make the communication fluent, people also need to know andunderstand register of particular field which they frequently use in their communication. In society, people usemany kinds of language varieties that describe the changes in situational factors, such as address, setting andtopics. Each occupational group or social group has the difference of specific vocabularies associated. Therefore,each group has a different register, for example in bird trading. Although there are many people who understandthe meaning of the registers, they usually do not know when or how the register used. For that reasons, the writeris interested in doing this research closely related to register in trading bird and hopes it can help the readers tofind out the solution of their problem in understanding the register.Keywords: register, sociolinguistics, bird trading, Depok SoloAbstrakDalam menggunakan bahasa, orang tidak hanya menggunakan bahasa standar yang mudah dimengerti, tetapi jugamenggunakan variasi bahasa yang akan menunjukkan identitas pemakainya. Penutur menggunakan registerdalam proses komunikasi yang dipahami oleh orang-orang tertentu. Oleh karena itu, untuk menciptakankomunikasi yang lancar, penutur juga harus mengetahui dan memahami daftar dari bidang tertentu yang seringmereka gunakan dalam komunikasi mereka. Dalam masyarakat, orang menggunakan berbagai ragam bahasa yangmenggambarkan perubahan dalam faktor-faktor situasional, seperti alamat, pengaturan dan topik. Setiapkelompok kerja atau kelompok sosial memiliki perbedaan kosakata tertentu yang terkait. Oleh karena itu, masingmasingkelompok memiliki daftar yang berbeda, misalnya dalam perdagangan burung. Meskipun ada banyakorang yang memahami arti dari register, mereka biasanya tidak tahu kapan atau bagaimana register digunakan.Untuk alasan itu, penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian ini terkait erat dengan register di perdaganganburung dan berharap dapat membantu pembaca untuk mengetahui solusi dari masalah mereka dalam memahamiregister.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

Influence of Cell Wall Composition on the Fossilisation of Bacteria and the Implications for the Search for Early Life Forms

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Westall
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Cation Binding ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Hydrothermal Sediments ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria ◽  
The Difference

AbstractThe oldest cell-like structures on Earth are preserved in silicified lagoonal, shallow sea or hydrothermal sediments, such as some Archean formations in Western Australia and South Africa. Previous studies concentrated on the search for organic fossils in Archean rocks. Observations of silicified bacteria (as silica minerals) are scarce for both the Precambrian and the Phanerozoic, but reports of mineral bacteria finds, in general, are increasing. The problems associated with the identification of authentic fossil bacteria and, if possible, closer identification of bacteria type can, in part, be overcome by experimental fossilisation studies. These have shown that not all bacteria fossilise in the same way and, indeed, some seem to be very resistent to fossilisation. This paper deals with a transmission electron microscope investigation of the silicification of four species of bacteria commonly found in the environment. The Gram positiveBacillus laterosporusand its spore produced a robust, durable crust upon silicification, whereas the Gram negativePseudomonas fluorescens, Ps. vesicularis, andPs. acidovoranspresented delicately preserved walls. The greater amount of peptidoglycan, containing abundant metal cation binding sites, in the cell wall of the Gram positive bacterium, probably accounts for the difference in the mode of fossilisation. The Gram positive bacteria are, therefore, probably most likely to be preserved in the terrestrial and extraterrestrial rock record.

Structuring, Motions and Shapes of Corona Emission Line Profiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
N. F. Tyagun
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Filling Factor ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Coronal Plasma ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yellow Line ◽  
Red Line

AbstractThe interrelationship of half-widths and intensities for the red, green and yellow lines is considered. This is a direct relationship for the green and yellow line and an inverse one for the red line. The difference in the relationships of half-widths and intensities for different lines appears to be due to substantially dissimilar structuring and to a set of line-of-sight motions in ”hot“ and ”cold“ corona regions.When diagnosing the coronal plasma, one cannot neglect the filling factor - each line has such a factor of its own.

Difference Fourier Analysis of Glucose Embedded and Frozen Hydrated Purple Membrane

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Jules S. Jaffe ◽  
Robert M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Purple Membrane ◽  
Data Set ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Fourier Techniques ◽  
Versus Protein ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Difference Fourier ◽  
Ideal Method

Although difference Fourier techniques are standard in X-ray crystallography it has only been very recently that electron crystallographers have been able to take advantage of this method. We have combined a high resolution data set for frozen glucose embedded Purple Membrane (PM) with a data set collected from PM prepared in the frozen hydrated state in order to visualize any differences in structure due to the different methods of preparation. The increased contrast between protein-ice versus protein-glucose may prove to be an advantage of the frozen hydrated technique for visualizing those parts of bacteriorhodopsin that are embedded in glucose. In addition, surface groups of the protein may be disordered in glucose and ordered in the frozen state. The sensitivity of the difference Fourier technique to small changes in structure provides an ideal method for testing this hypothesis.

Destruction of Actin Filaments by Osmium Tetroxide

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
P. Maupin-Szamier ◽  
T. D. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Rabbit Muscle ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Sodium Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Decay ◽  
Short Time

We have studied the destruction of rabbit muscle actin filaments by osmium tetroxide (OSO4) to develop methods which will preserve the structure of actin filaments during preparation for transmission electron microscopy.Negatively stained F-actin, which appears as smooth, gently curved filaments in control samples (Fig. 1a), acquire an angular, distorted profile and break into progressively shorter pieces after exposure to OSO4 (Fig. 1b,c). We followed the time course of the reaction with viscometry since it is a simple, quantitative method to assess filament integrity. The difference in rates of decay in viscosity of polymerized actin solutions after the addition of four concentrations of OSO4 is illustrated in Fig. 2. Viscometry indicated that the rate of actin filament destruction is also dependent upon temperature, buffer type, buffer concentration, and pH, and requires the continued presence of OSO4. The conditions most favorable to filament preservation are fixation in a low concentration of OSO4 for a short time at 0°C in 100mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0.

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