scholarly journals Presumption of Innocence in the Islamic Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Nasirullah Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Public Servant ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran

The principle of the Presumption of Innocence is one of the main principles of all modern legal systems. It is also an important right of the accused mentioned in the human rights documents. The principle simply means that an accused considered innocent until proved guilty by a competent court. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this article studies this principle from the Islamic Law perspective exploring its meaning, basis, and exceptions. The article finds that Islamic law recognizes this principle in its highest sources, That are the Holy Quran and Hadith (sayings and actions of the Holy Prophet Mohammad). The Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) himself and so Muslim jurist applied this principle in both civil and criminal cases. Furthermore, the article identifies two main exceptions of the Presumption of Innocence in Islamic law that are: transferring burden of proof from the plaintiff to the accused when there are reasonable doubts against him/her such as strangely enrichment of a public servant after employment and the second exception is the precautionary imprisonment; however the Muslim jurist have different views regarding the application of the precautionary imprisonment which shows their doubts towards this measure specially when there are not enough proofs.

scholarly journals Coercion to destroy other people’s money between sharia Jordan’s Civil Code: Comparative study: الإكراه على إتلاف مال الغير بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون المدني الأردني: دراسة مقارنة

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (17) ◽  
pp. 58-42
Author(s):  
Ammar Mahmoud S. Shwayat Ammar Mahmoud S. Shwayat
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Subject ◽  
Language And Law

This research deals with the issue of coercion to destroy the money of others in Islamic sharia and Jordanian civil law and the importance of this research is evident by showing the picture of the truth of the jurisprudential issues based on this type of coercion. And the sharia ruling in these pictures. And the problem of the research revolved around the sayings of scholars about the reality of coercion. The main objective of the study is to make a comparison between sharia and Jordanian civil law in this matter. As for the key words included in the research. They Are: coercion money destruction of money. Immoral coercion. And unresolved coercion. As for relying in this study on three main approaches. Namely: 1. the inductive approach for all the scientific subject: by referring to what I have available to me from language and fundamentals books. Branches and jurisprudential rules. And books on jurisprudential and law. 2 the analytical method for this available research material by presenting the sayings of scholars in Islamic law and Jordanian civil law 3. The comparative approach by presenting the saying of the four schools of thought and the Jordanian civil law 4 the attribution of the Quran to their place in the noble Quran and the output of the hadiths based on the two sahib al – Bukhari. Then the four Sunnah again and attributing the effects contained in this study to their books and Sayers with judging.to achieve this topic. I divided my research into two coats. The first requirement: clarifies the definition of language and law. the pillars and conditions of coercion. types of coercion. recourse and non – recourse coercion. Moral coercion. And the evidence for the existence of coercion from the holy Quran and the Sunnah. As for the second requirement. It death with the effect of coercion on destroying the money of others in Islamic sharia and Jordanian civil law in coercion.

التطور الدلالي لمفهوم الألفاظ الحميرية واللهجات اليمانية القديمة في معاني القرآن الكريم/ Semantic development of the meaning of Himyarite words and the Ancient Yemeni dialects in the meanings of the Holy Quran

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaynah Hussein Al-Qahṭānī ◽  
Asem Ali
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
Semantic Development ◽  
The Holy Quran

ملخص البحث:  لقد خاض كثير من العلماء في خضم معركة الآراء التي دارت قديماً وحديثاً حول العلاقة بين العربية الشمالية واليمنية القديمة، ويأتي حكم أبي عمرو بن العلاء في مقدمة تلك الأحكام؛ فهو يرى أن الحميرية شيء والعربية شيء آخر، ومن قول أبي عمرو، وكان لهذا الحكم أثره الكبير في أفكار بعض علماء اللغة العربية القدامى وغيرهم ممن خاض في هذا الميدان؛ فاللغة اليمنية القديمة ليست لغة أعجمية، وليست هي نفسها عربية القرآن الفصحى المتوارثة بين الأجيال. تتبع الدراسة المنهج الوصفي والتحليلي، ويهدف البحث إلى استعراض أبرز المفردات الحميرية التي وردت في النقوش اليمانية ووردت ألفاظها ومعانيها في القرآن الكريم. توصلت الدراسة إلى ما يأتي: اندماج اللغة اليمنية في اللغة الحميرية وحملتها معها في ألفاظ القرآن الكريم، إن أبرز المفردات الحميرية التي وردت في النقوش اليمانية وردت ألفاظها ومعانيها في القرآن الكريم، إن أصول اللهجات اليمانية لها علاقة بالعربية الفصحى، وأن معاني المفردات في عامية أهل اليمن ودلالة الألفاظ الحميرية واللهجات اليمانية قد وردت في القرآن الكريم. الكلمات المفتاحية: التطور الدلالي-الألفاظ الحميرية-النقوش اليمانية-معاني المفردات. Abstract Many scholars have tried to contribute in the battle of views that have been going on traditionally and in modern time on the relation between the Northern Arabic and the ancient Yemeni dialect, and the opinion of Abu ʽAmru bin Al-ʽAlā' came at the top of those views. He saw that the Himyarite language and Arabic are two different entities, and this view had echoes in the thoughts of some traditional Arabic scholars and others who have been dwelling on this topic. Ancient Yemeni dialect is not a foreign dialect but at the same time is not the inherited Quranic Arabic as it is known. The study follows a descriptive analytical method and it aims to showcase the most prominent Himyarite words that were found in the Yemeni inscriptions and were also found in the Holy Quran. The study concluded with the followings;  a merging took place between the Yemeni language and the Himyarite language and subsequently with the vocabularies of the Quran; that the meaning of the most prominent Himyarite words in the Yemeni inscriptions were also mentioned in the Holy Quran; that the origin of the Yemeni dialects was related to the Standard Arabic; that the meanings of the words of the dialect of Yemenis and the meaning of Himyarite words alongside with other Yemeni dialects have been mentioned in the Quran. Keywords: Semantic development – Himyarite vocabularies – Yemeni Inscriptions – Meanings of words   Abstrak Sejumlah besar para cediakawan telah cuba untuk menyumbang dalam perdebatan pendapat yang telah berlarutan sekian lama sehinggalah ke zaman moden ini berkenaan dengan hubungkait antara loghat Arab utara dan loghat Yaman kuno serta pendapat Abu ‘Amru bin Al-‘AlÉ’ yang merupakan pendapat yang paling terkemuka di antaranya. Beliau berpendapat bahawa bahasa Himyar dan bahasa Arab adalah merupakan bahasa yang berbeza dan pendapat ini telah memberi kesan dalam pemikiran sebahagian ahli bahasa tradisional dan yang lain-lain yang membahaskan isu ini. Loghat kuno Yemen bukanlah satu dialek asing tetapi pada masa yang sama ia juga bukanlah bahasa warisan Al-Quran yang diketahui umum. Kajian ini mengikut pendekatan deskriptif analitikal dan bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan perkataan-perkataan Himyar yang penting yang ditemukan di batu-batu bersurat Yemen dan juga ditemukan di dalam Al-Quran. Kajian ini merumuskan perkara-perkara berikut: terjadi penggabungan antara bahasa Yemen dan Himyar dan seterusnya di antara perkataa-perkataan di dalam Al-Quran; maksud kebanuakan perkataan yang ditemukan dalam batu-batu bersurat itu juga turut disebut dalam Al-Quran; asal loghat-loghat Yemen ini juga mempunyai kaitan dengan Bahasa Arab Standard; terdapat di anatara maksud perkataan loghat Yemen  and maksud perkataan-perkataan Himyar di samping loghat-loghat Yemen yang lain yang turut tersebut dalam Al-Quran. Kata kunci: Perkembangan semantik – Perkataan Himyar – Batu bersurat Yemen  -Maksud perkataan

الفرائد الواردة في سياق الحديث عن الإعراض عن القرآن الكريم

2021 ◽  
pp. arabic cover-english cover
Author(s):  
د. محمود علي عثمان عثمان
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Semantic Consistency ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Descriptive Method

يهدف البحث إلى: الكشف عن ظاهرة التمكّن الدلالي للفرائد القرآنية الواردة في سياق الحديث عن القرآن الكريم، وهي ظاهرة تعكس إعجازه البياني في أسلوبه، ولتحقيق هذا الهدف فقد سلك الباحث المنهج التحليلي اللغوي، والمنهج الوصفي، وخلصت الدراسة إلى أنّ ظاهرة التمكّن الدّلالي للفرائد القرآنية ترتبط بالعلاقات بين البُنى المتوالية للسورة -الواردة فيها الفريدة-بأكملها على وفق: مناسبة دلالة الفريدة معجميا، لسياقها الذي استدعاها، وهاتان العلاقتان مجتمعتان مكّنتا الفريدة دلاليا من التفرّد في سياقها بحيث تؤدّي المعنى المراد كله بدقة ولا يغني غيرُها من مرادفاتها غناءَها، ليثبت بذلك بناؤها واتّساقها الفني وفيضها المتجدد من الظلال والمعاني والدلالات التي تتّسع وتنمو وتفيض وتتجدّد بتدبّر هذه الفرائد، وأوصت الدراسة بمواصلة رَصْد ظاهرة التمكّن الدلالي للفرائد القرآنية الواردة في موضوعات أخرى، وتجديد قراءتنا للقرآن الكريم ومدارسته بما يحقق تدبّره. The purpose of the research is to highlight the phenomenon of the semantic mastery of the Quranic uniques in the context of the Holy Quran, a phenomenon that reflects its graphic miracles in its style and aims to reveal its significance to the purposes of the Holy Quran and its Surah's, to achieve the aim of the study: the researcher used the linguistic analytical method and the descriptive method, the study concluded in its results to phenomenon of the artistic semantic consistency of the Qur'anic authors is related to the relations between the successive structures of the surah - in which the unique - whole is presented according to: a unique and lexical connotation of the context in which they were called, the purpose of the sura and the purposes of the Qur'an, so that the meaning of the whole meaning accurately and does not enrich other synonyms singing, to prove the building and artistic consistency and its renewed flow of shadows and meanings and meanings that expand and grow and overflowing and renewed by meditating in these uniques, the study recommended the continuation of monitoring the phenomenon of semantic mastery of Quranic Uniques mentioned in other subjects and renewal of our reading of the Holy Quran and study it to achieve its meditation.

scholarly journals The Study of The Validity of The Surface Structure of Holy Quran

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
The World ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran

The validity of the surface structure of the Holy Qur'an is one of the most important Qur'anic debates, which also affects the issues of Islamic law. The meaning of surface structure of the Qur'an is that the surface structure of the Qur'an is understandable to every reader and listener, as well as any human text, and that which man understands the surface structure of the Qur'an by means of verbal and illogical indications. The current paper examines the validity of the surface structure of the Holy Quran, following expanding the conceptual subject of the research.  Given the thematic documents presented, this is a descriptive-analytical paper with library sources data collection tool. The findings indicate that: The most important reason for believing in the validity of the Holy Qur'an surface structure is that this holy scripture includes the plan of human happiness in the world and the Hereafter. Therefore, if the surface structure of the Holy Quran is not justified, how one can use its surface structure to answer difficult questions that limited human reason is incapable of answering. In addition, the Holy Qur'an, although revelation and has been revealed by God, but because it is revealed in the form of words, it is governed by the principles and rules governing all languages, among which are the validity of their surface structure for those familiar with the language. Keabsahan struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an adalah salah satu perdebatan Al-Qur'an yang paling penting karena  mempengaruhi masalah hukum Islam. Makna struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an adalah bahwa struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an dapat dipahami oleh setiap pembaca dan pendengar, serta teks manusia mana pun, dan apa yang dipahami manusia oleh struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an dengan cara indikasi verbal dan tidak logis. Penelitian ini  meneliti validitas struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an, dengan memperluas subjek konseptual penelitian. Mengingat dokumen tematik yang disajikan, pendekatan deskriptif-analitis dengan alat pengumpulan data sumber perpustakaan. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa: alasan paling penting untuk percaya pada validitas struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an adalah bahwa kitab suci ini mencakup rencana kebahagiaan manusia di dunia dan akhirat. Karena itu, jika struktur permukaan Al-Qur'an tidak benar, bagaimana seseorang dapat menggunakan struktur permukaannya untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan sulit yang membatasi akal manusia. Selain itu, Alquran, meskipun wahyu dari Allah,  tetapi karena diturunkan dalam bentuk kata-kata, diatur oleh prinsip dan aturan yang mengatur semua bahasa, di antaranya adalah validitas struktur permukaan untuk mereka yang terbiasa dengan bahasa.

2. Burden of proof

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-36
Author(s):  
Maureen Spencer ◽  
John Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Burden Of Proof ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Presumption Of Innocence ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
The Law ◽  
Civil Cases

This chapter focuses on the burden of proof and presumption of innocence in criminal and civil cases under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). It considers the influence of the UK’s Human Rights Act 1998 on the allocation of the burden of proof and compares legal/persuasive burden of proof with the evidential burden. It contains a detailed examination of the case law under this Act and the criteria developed to assess where reverse burdens should apply. It draws on academic commentary in making this analysis. It also looks at situations where the legal and the evidential burden may be split. It concludes with an overview of the law on presumptions.

scholarly journals تعزیری جرائم کےلئے سزاکا قیام: ایک شرعی جائزہ

Al-Duhaa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Anees
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
Legal Punishment ◽  
The Third ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Right

Islam is the religion of peace. Islamic law describe a complete and comprehensive law of punishment for the eradication of crimes and maintenance of peace. According to Islamic law, the punishments can be classified under three main categories: Al-Hudud (fixed punishments), Al-qisas (Retaliation), and Al-Taazir (discretionary). Hudud means the punishment which has been specified in the Holy Quran and Sunnah and no individual or group has the right to amend or abrogate it. The second is Qisas, which means the equal retaliation of an aggression committed against the body of a person. The third Kind of Islamic legal punishment is Taazir, it means, a crime for which The Holy Quran and Sunnah have not fixed any punishment, instead, have left it to the discretion of the judges. But in the recent era, many of the Muslim countries don’t leave the punishments of the penal crimes (Taaziraat) to the discretion of the Judges, each Muslim state restrict the rights of the Judge to give punishment at his own’s discretion, and legislating for the punishments of penal crimes (Taaziraat), and make the Judges abide by a particular measure of punishment for penal crimes (Taaziraat). In this articles, we will analyze the above mentioned issue in the light of Islamic principles, that what, it is lawful for any Muslim state to legislate for the punishment of penal crimes or not?

scholarly journals The importance of Hadith and Sunnah in Islamic way of life: A research review

2020 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar ◽  
Husn Ara ◽  
Abdul Haleem Abid
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Central Figure ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
Religious Problems ◽  
The Way

Muslim Ummah agrees that correct and authentic Ahadith are building over all the Muslims. Several verses of the Holy Quran commands sincere obedience of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) is obligatory and is a religious duty of a Muslim. The way of the obedience of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) is to follow his footsteps and his teachings. His correct Ahadith should be referred in resolving all sort of religious problems and his authentic Ahadith are secondary source of Islamic law after the Holy Quran, because our Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) is a central figure of Islam. In this research paper, in the light of the views of experienced lexicographers, the lexical and intellectual meanings of the Sunnah has been explained; and importance of Hadith-o-Sunnah has been explained to live the life in Islamic manner.

scholarly journals التفسير النبوي لألفاظ العبادة

rahatulquloob ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2(2)) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Dr. Hafiz Haris Saleem ◽  
Dr. Kifayatullah Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran

The Sunnah and Hadith of the Holy Prophet PBUH has been accepted as an important source of Islamic law, next in importance only to the Holy Quran. This status of the Sunnah has remained unchallenged and undisputed throughout the centuries. There have been many differences among Muslims in their juristic opinions, but the authority of the Holy Quran and Sunnah of the Holy Prophet PBUH was never denied by any jurist. The Holy Prophet PBUH being the best teacher employed two different ways to enlighten his companions about Islam and particularly matters of worships. On few occasions, he inquired about their prior knowledge about the topic and then illuminated it, while on other occasion, he simply exposited the spirits and essence of rites and rituals.

scholarly journals دلالات البناء للمجهول للفعل المضارع بتنوع القراءات المتواترة

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-145
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Abed Alkarim Mhanna ◽  
Samer Najeh Samara
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Holy Quran ◽  
The Holy Quran ◽  
The Law ◽  
Present Tense

The construction of the unknown (majhul) is one of the central formulations in the Arabic language. It has many purposes and carried profound meanings. This research aims to elucidate the purposes of the construction of the unknown in the present tense with the variant readings of the Quran (qiraat).  This study will examine the construction of the unknown in the Holy Quran by describing its formulas and purposes. In treating this topic, this research adopted the inductive and analytical method in order to clarify the purposes of the construction of the unknown by the variant readings of the Quran as well as the construction of the unknown in the present verb.  It also analyzed the verb and the multiplicity of the verb (reference to another element), the substitute agent (na’ib al-fail), the effect by the direct object (maf’ul bihi) of the second that will change the agent (fa’il), by referring to the law and add a new meaning. The second part deals with the purposes of building the unknown by the forerunners (al-sabiqin). The final part focuses on the purposes of building the unknown with the variant readings of the Quran in addition to set the stage for a more nuanced approach in Qiraat studies.

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