ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF LOW CALCIUM OXALATE PORANG (Amorphophallus mueleri BLUME) FLOUR

A field experiment Porang (Amorphophallus mueleri Blume) has the potential to be developed as a functional food ingredient because it contains high levels of glucomannan. Research on the acute toxicity test of macerated porang flour has been carried out. The results of research showed a toxic effect which was characterized by high SGOT and sodium levels. The purpose of this study was to find out the safety level of consuming porang flour with lowered calcium oxalate content. This research was an experimental study designed in one directional-pattern Completely Randomized Design using 5 treatments of porang flour administration with doses of 0; 5; 50; 500; 5000 and 15000 mg/kgbw and 6 repetitions for 60 days using Wistar-strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) as laboratory animals. The results showed that during the treatment, the administration up to a dose of 500 mg/kgbw did not give a significant difference to all observed variables. The administration of 5000 and 15000 mg/kgbw gave a significant difference on the changes in body weight, the addition of the amount of water drunk, the levels of Calcium, Potassium and Sodium in the blood, SGOT and SGPT values, and observation on necrotic cells in the kidneys. The administration of the highest porang flour dosage, namely 15000 mg/kgbw did not cause any rat mortality and did not cause any real cell damage to the liver, but caused hyperactive behavior in female rats.

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Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:85-92 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Sun Yanru ◽

Shen Zhenhuang ◽

Jia Zhe ◽

Miao Xiaoqing

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Lethal Dose ◽

Drug Effects ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

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The increase of blood creatinine levels and the gastric histopathology of rat after feeding of porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) flour treated with strobilantehes crispa

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2018.6(3).113-121 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Ernawati Ernawati ◽

Veriani Aprilia ◽

Retno Pangastuti

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Food Additives ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Blood Creatinine

ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Umbi Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) meru[akan umbi asli Indonesia yang mengandung glucomannan. Glukomanan digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan makanan dan suplemen makanan bagi penderita diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, konstipasi dan penurunan berat badan. Namun, umbi porang mengandung kalsium oksalat yang menyebabkan gatal jika dikonsumsi oleh karena itu kesiapan persiapan yang tepat. Perendaman dari S. crispa in vivo elah terbukti menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat. Namun, kelebihan konsumsi kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi ginjal, terutama pada laju flomerasi glomerulus (GFR) dan mempengaruhi kerja ginjal, yaitu penyerapan dan kreatinin fltrasi.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh porang orang dengan S. crispa (keji beling) terhadap kreatinin darah dan histopatologi lambung tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar pada uji toksisitas akut. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan experimental with one test group, without control group. Subjek 20 tikus Wistar betina putih (Rattus norvegicus) dengan berat 110-180 gram, usia 8 - 12 minggu, sehat, dan normal. Kelompok tikus dibagi menjadi Tepung Porang Murni (TPM) dan Tepung Porang dengan ekstrak etanol S. crispa (TPK). Setiap kelompok menggunakan dosis 2000 mg / kg berat badan (BW) dan 5000 mg / kgBB. Data kadar kreatinin dikumpulkan pada 24 dan 72 jam setelah makan juga dikonfirmasikan oleh tikus lambung. Analisis data menggunakan One-Way analysis of ariance (ANOVA).Hasil: Jenis larutan dan frekuensi perendaman tidak berpengaruh pada kadar kalsium oksalat padatepung porang, sedangkan lama perendaman tidak memberi efek. Kadar kreatinin darah tikus meningkat setelah pemberian pakan Tepung Porang urni (TPM) dan Tepung Porang dengan Ekstraksi Keji Beling (TPK) dengan dosis 5000 mg/kgBB.Kesimpulan: Pemberian tepung porang dengan perlakuan ekstrak S. crispa aman sampai dosis 5000 mg/kgBW. Ini terbukti dengan normalitas waktu di tingkat kadar kreatinin. KATA KUNCI: porang umbi, kalsium oksalat, rongga, kreatinin, uji toksisitas akut. ABSTRACTBackground: Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber is the original Indonesian tuber containing glucomannan. Glucomannan is utilized as food additives and food supplements for people who have problems with diabetes, high blood pressure, constipation and weight loss. However, it contains calcium oxalate which causes itchy if it is consumed therefore itness appropriate preparation. Soaking of S. crispa in vivo has proven lowering the levels of calcium oxalate. However, the excess consumption of oxalate calcium can cause renal function disorders, especially at the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and affects the kidneys work, ie absorption and filtration creatinine.Objectives: The objective of this study is to know the influence of the porang flour with S. crispa (keji beling) on the level of blood creatinine and gastric histopathology of rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar on acute toxicity test.Methods: This research used experimental with one test group, without control group design. The subjects were 20 white female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) with the weight of 110-180 grams, ages of 8 - 12 weeks, healthy, and normal. Rats were divided into. Native porang flour (TPM) and porang flour treated with ethanol extracts of S. crispa (TPK) groups. Each of groups used dosage of 2000 mg / kg body weight (BW) and 5000 mg/kgBW. Data of creatininee levels were collected at 24th and 72nd hours after feeding was also confirmed by gastric rats. The data analysis was used One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) .Results: The type of solution and the frequency of soaking had no effect on calcium oxalate levels in the Porang, whereas the length of soaking is not giving an effect. Blood levels of creatinine rats enhanced after feeding of TPM and TPK. At the dosage of 5000 mg/kgBW.Conclusions: The feeding of porang flour treated with S. crispa was safe until the dosage of 5000 mg/kgBW. It was proven by time normality in creatinine levels. KEYWORDS: porang tuber, calcium oxalate, cavity, creatinine, acute toxicity test.

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Safety Profile of Meswak Root Extract on Liver, Kidney, Sexual Hormones and Hematological Parameters of Rats

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb417263 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 18-23

Author(s):

Abeer Y. IBRAHIM ◽

Souad E. El-GENGAIHI

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Female Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Sexual Hormones ◽

Delayed Toxicity

This study was conducted to investigate the safety profile of Salvadora persica (Salvadoraceae) aqueous alcoholic root extract by carrying out acute and sub-chronic toxicity assessment in order to find out any side effect of the traditionally using of these root sticks. Regarding to acute toxicity test, mice were administered the extract up to 5 g kg-1, intraperitoneally. Animals were then observed for behavioural changes; signs of toxicity, and mortality within 24 h. Surviving mice were monitored for 7 days for signs of delayed toxicity. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, rats were daily treated with the extract at a dose of 400 mg kg-1 intraperitoneally, for 30 days. At the end of the test period, hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood and serum samples with determination of vital organs weights. In the acute toxicity test, the extract was practically non-toxic showing no mortality and visible signs of delayed toxicity. The LD50, given intraperitoneally, was estimated to be 4 g kg-1. Administration of extract (at a dose of 400 mg Kg-1 b.wt.) to male and female rats for 30 days did not produce any significant (P < 0.05) effect on hematological and most biochemical parameters also vital organs weights. The root extract showed adverse effects on sexual hormones, by increasing estrogen secretion and reducing testosterone level in male rats. At the same time, the extract reduces progesterone level in female satellite group. Overall, Meswak aqueous extract is safe concerning liver and kidney functions and hematological assessments; however, it induces reversal effect on sexual hormones levels determined in sera.

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Acute Toxicity Test on Old Smelting Slag

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.160-162.1564 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 160-162 ◽

pp. 1564-1568

Author(s):

Guo Hong Shui ◽

Dong Wei Li

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Bodyweight Gain ◽

Test Method ◽

Abnormal Behavior ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Liver And Kidney

The total amount of heavy metal in Ming and Qing dynasties smelted residue was analyzed. Also leaching solution’s acute toxicity of heavy metal in waste residue was discussed.The results showed that the residual quantity of heavy metal(zinc and plumbum) in residue was up to 6.97%. After several hundred years of lixiviation by rainwater, heavy metal (zinc and plumbum) which had released to circumstance was more than 1.71%.Heavy metal in ancient leaching has declined and Residue in Zn is only a very small part of the leaching, Pb leaching below the detection limit ,Cr, and Cd there was leachingonly a small amount .According to pre-test results, limiting test method was adopted to carry out acute toxicity test on waste residue’s leaching solution.The results of acute toxicity test showed that acute oral LD50(median lethal doses) in mice of waste residue’s leaching solution was bigger than 20ml/kg.bw. Mice in the experiment appeared no dead and no abnormal behavior. But mice significantly decreased bodyweight gain. At the end of the experiment, mice were anatomical examined for liver and kidney. No abnormal change was found. It was no significant difference compared with the control group. It showed that residual quantity of heavy metal in residue was high. Although reduce the leaching toxicity, but the acute toxicity harm still existed.

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Study of the parameters of acute toxicity of the drug “Devimectin 1 %” with a single subcutaneous injection in white rats

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.32718/nvlvet10005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (100) ◽

pp. 28-31

Author(s):

Yu. R. Hunchak ◽

B. V. Gutyj ◽

R. M. Sachuk ◽

Ya. S. Stravsky

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Female Rats ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Control Group ◽

Main Experiment ◽

Sterile Saline ◽

White Rats ◽

Therapeutic Properties

In the study of the drug for injectable use – “Devimectin 1 %”, together with the confirmation of therapeutic properties, it is necessary to determine the LD50 obtained in the study of acute toxicity. The aim of the work was to study the acute toxicity of “Devimectin 1 %” in white rats by injection. To fulfill this goal on the principle of analogues was formed control and three experimental groups of 4 animals each (n = 4). The drug was administered in doses of 5000.0; 10000.0; 20000.0 mg/kg body weight in absolute weight of the drug once subcutaneously in the withers. The control animals were injected subcutaneously with sterile saline 1.0 cm3. After taking into account the results of the previous experiment in the main experiment, 7 experimental groups were formed, whose rats were injected subcutaneously with “Devimectin 1 %” in doses of 5000.0; 7500.0; 10000.0; 12500.0; 15000.0; 17500.0 and 20000.0 mg/kg body weight, as well as a control group to which animals were injected with sterile saline with a volume of 1.0 cm3. There were 6 animals in each group (n = 6). It was found that for the administration of the drug at a dose of 5000 mg / kg body weight, no animal died, for 10000.0 and 20000.0 mg/kg body weight, respectively, one and 4 animals died. Death occurred for 2–6 days depending on the administered dose. In the main experiment with subcutaneous administration of “Devimectin 1 %” at a dose of 5000.0 mg/kg body weight during the 14-day period of the study, no animal died; for the introduction of the drug at a dose of 7500.0 mg/kg killed one animal; for 10000.0 – 2; for 12500.0 and 15000.0 – 3 rats; for 17500.0 – 5 rats and for the introduction of the drug at a dose of 20000.0 mg/kg body weight, all experimental animals died. The death of laboratory animals occurred for 2–6 days depending on the administered dose. According to the results of studies, it was found that the LD50 of the drug “Devimectin 1 %” under the conditions of its single subcutaneous administration to female rats is 12881.20 ± 1390.54 mg/kg, LD10 – 5978.43 mg/kg, LD16 – 7495.68 mg/kg, LD84 – 18266.73 mg/kg, LD90 – 19783.98 mg/kg, LD100 – 20959.49 mg/kg body weight, respectively. Therefore, the drug “Devimectin 1%” when administered subcutaneously can be classified as toxicity class VI – substances relatively harmless (LD50subcut> 4500,0 mg/kg). Further studies will be the next step in pre-registration trials to examine the subacute toxicity of “Devimectin 1 %”.

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Porang flour with and without soaking of keji beling extract increased ureum level on toxicity test

Jurnal Gizi dan Dietetik Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics) ◽

10.21927/ijnd.2017.5(3).93-97 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Ratna Dwi Astuti ◽

Agus Prastowo ◽

Veriani Aprilia

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Female Wistar Rats

Background: The porang tuber (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a functional food containing glucomannan that has many advantages in health. However, porang flour can not be consumed, because the high content of calcium oxalate that have the risk on kidney disease. It can be reduced by physical or chemical treatment. Keji beling (Strobilanthes crispa L. Blume) has been proved for its function in dissolving the calcium oxalate, but its uses in decreasing of calcium oxalate has not been studied yet.Objectives: To evaluate the effect of porang flour on ureum levels of wistar rat blood in acute toxicity test.Methods: The research was experimental with pre and post without control group design. The samples were 20 female Wistar rats, aged 8-10 weeks with body weight of 100-180 grams. Rats were divided into 4 groups of treatment those were native porang with the dose of 2000, 5000 mg/kg of body weight, porang flour with soaking of extract at the dose 2000 and 5000 mg/kg of body weight. Porang was incorporated orally into the mouth of rats after 18 hours of adaptation. At the 24th and 72nd hours after treatment, the bloods were collected and analyzed for their ureum levels.Results: The statistical test showed that there was an effect of porang flour with and without soaking of keji beling extract before and after treatment on ureum level at the dose of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight, however there was no significant difference ureum level of the same dose at 24th or 72nd hours, except on the dose of 2000 mg / kg weight at the 72nd hour. Results of observation between the 24th hour compared to the 72nd hour showed that there was no significant difference of urea value (p> 0.05). Increased levels of ureum was influenced by the calcium oxalate content contained in porang flour. In TPM, ureum level was higher than that in TPK.Conclusions : The increase in urea levels was still in normal range, therefore porang flour is still safe for consumption.<div class="WordSection1">KEYWORDS: acute toxicity, porang flour, urea, keji beling</div>

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ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acalypha hispida LEAVES IN FEMALE RATS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v14i3.16176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hamzah Alfarisi ◽

Mawar Subangkit ◽

Siti Sa’diah ◽

Tutik Wresdiyati

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Glomerular Cell ◽

Eosinophilic Cytoplasm

This research aims to evaluate the safety of ethanolic extract of Acalypha hispida (A. hispida) leaves with acute toxicity test using 15 female rats strain Sprague-Dawley. A single dose of different doses of extract (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight) was administrated orally, and theobservation was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless (LD50 16 g/kg BW), did not affect body weight, and did not show clinical signs of toxicity during the observation periods. The parameters of blood serumbiochemistry of all extract-treated groups (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea) did not change significantly compared to the control group. The histological observation of the liver showed a significant increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei at all doses. However, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves did not significantly affect glomerulus/Bowman’s capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, and the proportion of normal cell tubule. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless with LD5016 g/kg BW and seems to be safe in low doses (2 g/kg BW).

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Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Dayak Onion Leaves (Eleutherine americana Merr.) Toward Wistar Female Rats Using OECD 425 Method

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v18i2.43259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 171-177

Author(s):

Sri Wahdaningsih ◽

Eka Kartika Untari ◽

Robiyanto

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Test Dose ◽

Female Rats ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Safety Level ◽

Ld50 Value ◽

Eleutherine Americana ◽

Single Dosage

Pre-clinically, the potential of Eleutherine americana Merr. as antioxidant has been studied, but it’s safety level of its safety has not been widely known. Safety level of ethanolic extract of E. americana Merr leaves (EEEaL) can be detected by acute toxicity test using OECD 425. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of EEEaL as the guideline of its safe dose for therapy. This test was performed through OECD 425 (Up and Down Procedure) method with two doses (2000 and 5000 mg/kgbw) of EEEaL administration orally which observed for two weeks toward Wistar rats. The results of the test dose showed no toxic symptoms and they did not cause death in the test animals. Single dosage up to 5000 mg/kgbw also did not show any symptoms of toxicity, and did not cause weight loss until the 14th day of test. The LD50 value of EEEaL is more than 5000 mg/kgbw, suggesting that the plants is practically non toxic according to Loomis classification. Phytochemical screening showed that EEEaL contains compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, and saponins. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 171-177, 2019 (December)

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Acute Toxicity Test of Jernang Resin Extract (Daemonorops Draco Willd.) on Male White Rats Sprague Dawley Strain

Indonesian Food Science and Technology Journal ◽

10.22437/ifstj.v2i2.9436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

Fidia Yunita ◽

Lavlinesia ◽

Mursyid

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

White Rats ◽

Resin Extract

Keywords— Jernang resin extract; white rats; acute toxicity

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THE HEMATOLOGIC PROFILE IN THE ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF COGON GRASS ROOTS ETHANOL EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2020.v12s3.39478 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 72-75

Author(s):

VANESSA AYU SUMIRAT ◽

IRMA MELYANI PUSPITASARI ◽

NENI ANGGRAENI ◽

MAS RIZKY ANGGUN ADIPURNA SYAMSUNARNO

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Grass Roots ◽

Hematologic Profile

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the hematologic profile of Wistar rats in the acute toxicity test of Cogon grass roots ethanol extract (CGEE). Methods: Cogon grass roots were dissolved in 70% ethanol. An acute toxicity test was conducted based on The National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia. Five female rats in the treatment group were administered a single high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CGEE in 200 μl of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the 5 female rats in the control group were administered 200 μl of 0.5% CMC. After 14 d, blood samples were collected, and 18 hematologic parameters were measured with a hematology analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the parameters between the two groups with the independent t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann Whitney test for non-normally distributed data. Results: None of the hematologic parameters in the treatment group significantly differed from those in the control group after 14 d of observation (P>0.05). Conclusion: A single high dose of 5000 mg/kg BW of CGEE did not change the hematologic profile of Wistar rats. These results indicate that CGEE does not have an acute hemotoxic effect, at least for hematologic parameters.

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