THE HEMATOLOGIC PROFILE IN THE ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF COGON GRASS ROOTS ETHANOL EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
VANESSA AYU SUMIRAT ◽  
IRMA MELYANI PUSPITASARI ◽  
NENI ANGGRAENI ◽  
MAS RIZKY ANGGUN ADIPURNA SYAMSUNARNO
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Hematologic Profile

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the hematologic profile of Wistar rats in the acute toxicity test of Cogon grass roots ethanol extract (CGEE). Methods: Cogon grass roots were dissolved in 70% ethanol. An acute toxicity test was conducted based on The National Agency of Drug and Food Control of the Republic of Indonesia. Five female rats in the treatment group were administered a single high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CGEE in 200 μl of 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and the 5 female rats in the control group were administered 200 μl of 0.5% CMC. After 14 d, blood samples were collected, and 18 hematologic parameters were measured with a hematology analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the parameters between the two groups with the independent t-test for normally distributed data and the Mann Whitney test for non-normally distributed data. Results: None of the hematologic parameters in the treatment group significantly differed from those in the control group after 14 d of observation (P>0.05). Conclusion: A single high dose of 5000 mg/kg BW of CGEE did not change the hematologic profile of Wistar rats. These results indicate that CGEE does not have an acute hemotoxic effect, at least for hematologic parameters.

scholarly journals Histopathological Changes in the Wistar Rats Liver Treated with Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) Rhizome Ethanol Extract during Acute Toxicity Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Kesy Sasta Handani ◽  
Wiwien Sugih Utami ◽  
Bagus Hermansyah ◽  
Rena Normasari
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Zingiber Cassumunar

Malaria is still an infectious disease that can not be eradicated. The presence of antimalarial drug resistance case encourages the research on herbal plants that are expected to be a complementary therapy drug of malaria, one of them is bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.). This research aimed to investigate the effect of bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.) rhizome ethanol extract to the histopathological changes of Wistar rats liver during acute toxicity test. This research type was true experimental laboratories with posttest only control group design using four treatment groups (given dose 42,609 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, 213,045 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, 426,09 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%, and 852.18 mg/200gBW + Tween 1%) and one control group (given 1% Tween). Each treatment groups consisted of five male rats and five female rats. The final mean score of hepatocyte damage as the research data was analyzed by One-Way ANOVA test and showed that p=0,084. It indicated that there was no significant difference of liver histopathology results between groups.  Keywords: malaria, bangle rhizome, acute toxicity test, liver histopathology

Safety Evaluation of an Apitherapy Formulation, Bao-Yuan-Ling: Acute and Sub-acute Oral Toxicity in Wistar Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Sun Yanru ◽  
Shen Zhenhuang ◽  
Jia Zhe ◽  
Miao Xiaoqing
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity

Bao-Yuan-Ling (BYL) is an apitherapy formulation which is composed of royal jelly, propolis and bee venom. Cardioprotective effects of BYL has been demonstrated, while the toxicity of BYL was not clear. In this study, acute and sub-acute toxicity test of BYL was processed following Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and OECD 407, respectively, in Wistar rats. In acute toxicity test, rats were orally treated with BYL at the single dose of 2000 mg/kg and 5000 mg/kg. No death occurred in the acute toxicity test for 7 days, which indicated the lethal dose 50% value exceeded 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity study, rats were treated with BYL at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg in a daily base for continuous 28 days. Results showed that female rats were more likely to be affected by BYL in body weight changes, while biochemical indicators of blood serum in male rats were more susceptible to drug effects. However, neither female nor male rats were affected by BYL administration significantly on the organs via hematoxylin-eosin staining analysis. Results suggested that BYL was slightly toxic and clinical use was safe and reliable.

scholarly journals Toxicological implications of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis on wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olusayo Aderonke Shorinwa ◽  
Barizonmdu Monsi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background The unopened buds of the fruit of Harungana madagascariensis is used in the treatment of anaemia and skin diseases in traditional medicine. Hence, this study aims to scientifically evaluate the effects of oral administration of the fruit extract of Harungana madagascariensis on haematological, biochemical and histological parameters in Wistar rats. Methods Phytochemical screening of the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis was carried out. Acute toxicity test was done using Lorke’s method. Sub-acute toxicity studies were done using 24 rats of both sexes which were randomized into four groups of six rats each. Animals in groups A, B, C were administered with the extract at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, respectively while group D animals were given distilled water (5 mg/kg) and served as the control group. All administrations were done through the oral route for 30 consecutive days. Body weights of the animals were taken weekly during the study. The animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anaesthesia and blood samples collected for evaluation of haematological (red blood cell, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and white blood cell) and biochemical (alanine transferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol and total protein) parameters. Histological examination was conducted on the liver and kidney of the animals. Results Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, steroidal nucleus, saponins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, and tannins. Acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 was greater than 5000 mg/kg. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the RBC, HB, PCV and WBC of the extract treated groups when compared to the control group. There was however, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in the creatinine level of the 500 mg/kg extract –treated group and the control. There was no statistically significant (P < 0.05) difference in other biochemical parameters of the extract treated groups and the control group except for a marginal increase in the total protein in the group treated with 1000 mg/kg of the extract (60 g/L) compared with control (54.80 g/L). Histopathological examination showed alterations in the morphology of the liver and kidney in extract treated groups as compared to the control groups. Conclusion The findings have revealed that the ethanol fruit extract of H. madagascariensis should be used with caution especially during prolonged usage as the histology showed it has nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic potentials. Further studies will be done to establish the effects of the extract on white blood cells.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Testing of White Turmeric Extract (Curcuma zedoaria) on Histopathological Imaging of the Lungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Ainge Rasbina Br Saragih ◽  
Fiska Maya Wardhani ◽  
Erny Tandanu ◽  
Rico Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Turmeric Extract

White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is a type of plant whose extract contains compounds that can inhibit carcinogenesis. Acute toxicity test was conducted to determine the safe dose and lethal dose (LD) 50 from the use of a drug substance. This research aimed to determine the effect of the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on the histopathological imaging of the lungs. This study is an experimental study with a post test only control group design. A total of 30 Wistar rats was divided into six groups. Data analysis was using one-way ANOVA statistical test, while for lung histopathology using ordinal data which were analyzed descriptively. In conclusion, the acute toxicity test of white turmeric extract on Wistar rats was not toxic and there was no death and no toxic symptoms and no necrosis, congestion and inflammation were found on the histopathological picture of the lungs.

scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY TEST OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Acalypha hispida LEAVES IN FEMALE RATS: A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzah Alfarisi ◽  
Mawar Subangkit ◽  
Siti Sa’diah ◽  
Tutik Wresdiyati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Glomerular Cell ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm

This research aims to evaluate the safety of ethanolic extract of Acalypha hispida (A. hispida) leaves with acute toxicity test using 15 female rats strain Sprague-Dawley. A single dose of different doses of extract (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight) was administrated orally, and theobservation was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless (LD50 16 g/kg BW), did not affect body weight, and did not show clinical signs of toxicity during the observation periods. The parameters of blood serumbiochemistry of all extract-treated groups (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea) did not change significantly  compared to the control group. The histological observation of the liver showed a significant increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei at all doses. However, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves did not significantly affect glomerulus/Bowman’s capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, and the proportion of normal cell tubule. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless with LD5016 g/kg BW and seems to be safe in low doses (2 g/kg BW).

scholarly journals Acute toxicity test ethanol extract of kerehau leaf (Callicarpa longifolia Lamk) using OECD 420 method

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Aulia Istiqomah ◽  
◽  
Shintya Safitri ◽  
Elis Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Ld50 Value

Background: Kerehau is empirically used as cooling powder to treat acne. Based on previous research, kerehau leaves have a number of activities, including wound healing, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the safety level of a single dose of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves within a 24-hour administration period. Methods: Acute toxicity testing of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves was carried out on female Webster mice. Test animals were divided into 4 treatment groups, consisting of 1 control group and 3 test groups. The testing method referred to OECD (Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development) 420 with modified doses of 2000mg/kgBW, 5000 mg/kgBW, and 8000 mg/kgBW. The observations were made on the behaviour of animals towards toxicity symptoms for 4 hours after administration of the test substance as well as death. The death and weight gain were observed for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals were sacrificed, blood was taken, and biochemical parameters were measured. The heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and lungs were harvested and weighed. Data was analysed using Oneway ANOVA continued with LSD and Post Hoc. Results: The results showed that ethanol extract of kerehau leaves did not cause death in all of the groups. There were significant differences in liver weight, SGPT, and SGOT levels (p< 0.05) at the dose of 5000 mg/kgBW. No toxicity symptoms and death were found until the end of the experiment. Conclusion: LD50 value of ethanol extract of kerehau leaves was above 8000 mg/kgBW with heart as the most affected organ. Keywords: Ethanol extract of kerehau leaves, acute toxicity test, OECD 420.

scholarly journals The Liver histopathology structure of Wistar rats on the acute toxicity test of Kapulaga Seeds extract (Amomum cardamomum)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratih Dewi Yudhani ◽  
Rizka Hendriyani ◽  
Riza Novierta Pesik
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Treatment Groups

One-third of the Indonesian population uses herbs for alternative medicine empirically. One of them is Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) which known as a spice and traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatic, fever, cough, sore throat, and mouth odor. The clinical use of herbs must be supported by scientific evidenced-based and its safety profile. The risk of exposure to a substance in humans can be identified through the toxicity tests on animals. The liver histopathological structure is one of the parameters of the acute toxicity test. This study to determine the acute toxicity of Kapulaga seeds extract (Amomum cardamomum) based on the liver histopathological structure of Wistar rats. The sample selection based on inclusion and exclusion criteria in the OECD 420 guideline. The research consisted of a preliminary and the main test. One rat was used in the preliminary test with an initial dose of cardamom seed extract 300 mg/kg BW and followed by a maximum dose of 2000 mg/kg BW after 48 hours. The main test used 10 rats that were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Based on the result of the preliminary test, the treatment group was given a single dose of cardamom seed extract 2000mg /kg BW, whilst the control group was given distilled water. Observations of any toxic signs or dead were conducted every 30 minutes in the first 4 hours and continued once per day until 14thday. Assessment of the degree of liver damage was done using the liver damaged scoring and compared using the Mann Whitney test (α = 0.05). The average liver damage score of control and treatment groups is 0.96 ± 0,856 and 0.96 ± 0,604, respectively, and did not show any statistically significant differences (p>0,05). Kapulagaseeds (Amomum cardamomum) had no acute toxic effect based on the liver histopathological structure of Wistar rats.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF Pleurotus tuber-regium (Rumph. ex Fr.) EXTRACT-LOADED NANOPARTICLES ON THYROID PROFILE OF RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Sukumar Dandapat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Thyroid Profile ◽  
The Impact

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Pleurotus tuber-regium extract loaded silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on thyroid profile of rats. Methods. Acute toxicity test was performed following up and down procedure and the analysis of thyroid profile was performed following chemiluminescence assay method. Results. Acute toxicity test showed no mortality and no behavioral changes in rats treated with 2000 mg kg-1 of SNPs. High dose (400 mg kg-1) of SNPs showed high hyper thyroid activity by increasing T3 = 38.20±4.06 ng dL-1; T4 = 4.40±0.32µg dL-1; and by decreasing TSH = 0.73±0.06µIU mL-1 compared to control group (T3 = 30.20±1.02 ng dL-1; T4 = 2.94±0.08µg dL-1; TSH = 0.87±0.01µIU mL-1) and animal group treated with 200 mg kg-1 dose of SNPs (T3 = 35.69±1.13 ng dL-1; T4 = 3.82±0.24µg dL-1; TSH = 0.80±0.02µIU mL-1). Conclusions. Pleurous tuber-regium extract loaded silver nanoparticles are non toxic and can be used in drug delivery as well as in the formulation of drugs used in hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals SUBCHRONIC TOXICITY TEST OF COMBINATION ETHANOL EXTRACT OF DETAM 1 SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L. MERR) AND JATI BELANDA (GUAZUMA ULMIFOLIA LAMK) TOWARD FUNCTION, WEIGHT, AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL OF WISTAR RAT LIVER

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Meilinah Hidayat ◽  
Sijani Prahastuti ◽  
Estherolita Dewi ◽  
Dewi Safitri ◽  
Siti Farah Rahmawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACTObjective: As an antiobesity therapy, combination extracts of Detam 1 soybean and Jati Belanda will be consumed for a long time; therefore, theirtoxicities to the liver need to be investigated. To determine the effect of subchronic toxicity test of combination of ethanol extract of Detam 1 soybean(EEDS) and ethanol extract of Jati Belanda (EEJB) on liver function with parameters: Alanine transaminase (ALT), macroscopic, and histopathologicalof liver.Methods: This study was conducted on 120 Wistar rats (60 males and 60 females), 90 days (treatment group) and 120 days (satellite group). Ratswere divided into six treatment groups (3 test materials, 1 control, and 2 satellites); each group included 10 males and 10 females.Results: ALT levels of treatment groups (low dose, medium, and high), both males and females were lower than the control group (p<0.05). Thetreatment groups demonstrated a good effects effect on liver function. Liver weight of all groups showed no significant difference compared with thecontrol group (p>0.05). Results of histopathological score interpretation of male and female liver rats of low dose groups were not disturbed; middledose groups were slightly disturbed and high dose groups were damaged. Satellite high doses of male groups were disrupted, while female groupswere not.Conclusion: The combination of EEDS and EEJB has a good effect on liver function, did not lead to change organ weight and at low doses did not causerenal histopathology damage in rats after 90 days administration.Keywords: Combination of soybean Jati Belanda, Toxicity subchronic test, Function, Weight, Histopathology, Liver.

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity Test of Amomum cardamomum (Kapulaga) Seed Extract on Hepatic Trasaminase Enzyme in Winstar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Ratih D. Yudhani ◽  
Riza N. Pesik ◽  
Sarah Azzahro ◽  
Adliah F. Anisa ◽  
Rizka Hendriyani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
T Test ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Hepatic Transaminase

The herb frequently used as spices or remedies in the Indonesian community, with the seed as the most common part is kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum). According to earlier evidence, this possessed antibacterial, antifungal and several biological properties, reduced blood glucose and atherogenic parameter, and is developed as standardized herbal cures. However, the application of herbal medicine requires validating evidence of safety and effectiveness, including toxicity tests, particularly in clinical settings. The target organs in this comprised hepar, due to the role in several drug metabolism. This study aimed at discovering the safety profile of kapulaga seed extract based on the hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) level, by conducting an acute toxicity test in Winstar rats. Also, this was implemented with the OECD 420 Fixed-Dose Procedure, and the preliminary test employed 300 mg/kg BW dose followed by a maximum single quantity (2000 mg/kg BW) of kapulaga. The main test was executed by a separation into control and treatment groups of 5 rats each. Therefore, a single dose of 2000 mg/kg BW kapulaga seed extract was administered to the treatment group, while the control group received standard pellets and water ad libitum. The blood from orbital vein was acquired on day 14, and SGOT and SGPT were subsequently assessed by an enzymatic-photometric method. Also, this data was analyzed using an independent sample t-test, and the mean of SGOT in both groups were 116.92±22.35 and 98.02±16.38 (p=0.17), with 58.72±8.79 and 47.64±7.30 (p=0.06) as SGPT respectively. Therefore, there was no statistical difference, and no acute toxicity signs were discovered. The maximum dose was not toxic and did not result in poisonous symptoms or alter hepatic transaminase enzyme (SGOT and SGPT) in rats.Keywords: Amomum cardamomum, kapulaga, acute toxicity, SGOT, SGPT  Uji Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Biji Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) Berdasarkan Kadar Enzim Transaminase Hepar Tikus WinstarAbstrakKapulaga (Amomum cardamomum), merupakan salah satu herbal Indonesia yang secara umum dimanfaatkan sebagai rempah-rempah maupun obat, terutama bagian biji. Beberapa bukti sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kapulaga memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis seperti antibakteri, antijamur, dan sudah dibuktikan mampu menurunkan glukosa darah dan parameter arterogenik. Bukti tersebut mendukung pengembangan kapulaga sebagai obat herbal terstandar. Penggunaan obat herbal terutama di klinik harus didukung dengan adanya bukti keamanan maupun efektivitasnya termasuk uji toksisitas. Hepar merupakan salah satu target organ dari uji toksisitas karena perannya yang penting pada metabolisme sebagian besar obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai profil keamanan ekstrak biji kapulaga melalui uji toksisitas akut menggunakan tikus Winstar berdasarkan kadar enzim transaminase hepar (SGOT dan SGPT). Uji toksisitas akut berpedoman pada OECD 420 Fixed Dose Procedure. Uji pendahuluan menggunakan ekstrak biji kapulaga dosis 300 mg/kg BB dan diikuti dengan dosis tinggi 2000 mg/kg BB yang diberikan secara tunggal. Uji utama dilakukan dengan membagi tikus ke dalam kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 5 tikus. Berdasarkan hasil uji pendahuluan, uji utama menggunakan dosis tunggal 2000 mg/kg BB untuk kelompok perlakuan, sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya mendapatkan pelet dan air secukupnya. Pada hari ke-14, darah dari vena orbital diambil, lalu kadar SGOT dan SGPT diukur menggunakan metode enzymatic-photometric. Independent sample t-test digunakan untuk menilai data rata-rata kadar SGOT dan SGPT dari kedua kelompok. Rata-rata kadar SGOT pada kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan sebesar 116,92±22,35 dan 98,02±16,38 (p=0,17), sedangkan rata-rata SGPT sebesar 58,72±8,79 dan 47,64±7,30 (p=0,06). Perbedaan rata-rata SGOT dan SGPT pada kedua kelompok tersebut secara statistik tidak bermakna dan tidak ditemukan tanda toksisitas pada semua hewan coba. Ekstrak biji kapulaga dosis maksimal 2000 mg/kg BB tidak toksik pada hepar tikus karena tidak menimbulkan tanda toksisitas maupun mengubah enzim transaminase hati (SGOT dan SGPT). Kata kunci: Amomum cardamomum, kapulaga, toksisitas akut, SGOT, SGPT

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document