SIGNIFICANCE OF ULTRASOUND IN CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED CAUSES OF VAGINAL BLEEDING IN FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY

Background: (1) Nearly one-fourth (20-25%) of all pregnant women present with history of vaginal bleeding during the rst trimester . Ultrasound imaging plays an important role in determining the causes of vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy. Aims & Objectives:To evaluate the signicance of ultrasound in clinically diagnosed causes of vaginal bleeding in rst trimester pregnancy. Methods: 100 women with vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy with clinical diagnosis were evaluated by ultrasonography [USG] and interpretation was compared. Results: Among these 100 cases, threatened abortion was the commonest cause of bleeding (30%) followed by incomplete abortion. Disparity was found between clinical diagnosis of rst trimester vaginal bleed and ultrasound diagnosis. Ultrasound is highly sensitive and specic in diagnosing all causes of rst trimester vaginal bleed including ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: With good diagnostic performance, USG proves to be an important imaging modality in determining the causes of vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy and thus provides an aid for clinicians in better management of patients.

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SIGNIFICANCE OF ULTRASOUND IN CLINICALLY DIAGNOSED CAUSES OF VAGINAL BLEEDING IN FIRST TRIMESTER PREGNANCY

10.36106/ijsr/1304323 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-40

Author(s):

Amit Shankhwar ◽

Prem Siddharth Tripathi ◽

Saurabh Atram ◽

Pankaj Kujur ◽

Prakhar Nigam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

First Trimester ◽

First Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Incomplete Abortion ◽

Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

History Of ◽

Threatened Abortion

Background: Nearly one-fourth (20-25%) of all pregnant women present with history of vaginal bleeding during the rst trimester (1). Ultrasound imaging plays an important role in determining the causes of vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy. Aims & Objectives: To evaluate the signicance of ultrasound in clinically diagnosed causes of vaginal bleeding in rst trimester pregnancy. Methods: 100 women with vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy with clinical diagnosis were evaluated by ultrasonography [USG] and interpretation was compared. Results: Among these 100 cases, threatened abortion was the commonest cause of bleeding (30%) followed by incomplete abortion. Disparity was found between clinical diagnosis of rst trimester vaginal bleed and ultrasound diagnosis. Ultrasound is highly sensitive and specic in diagnosing all causes of rst trimester vaginal bleed including ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: With good diagnostic performance, USG proves to be an important imaging modality in determining the causes of vaginal bleeding during rst trimester of pregnancy and thus provides an aid for clinicians in better management of patients.

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A study of feto-maternal outcome in bleeding per vaginum in first trimester of pregnancy

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200898 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 1191

Author(s):

Jaydeep J. Bhatu ◽

Darshil S. Prajapati

Keyword(s):

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

Local Population ◽

Previous History ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

History Of ◽

Threatened Abortion ◽

Degree Of Association ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Bleeding per vaginum in the first trimester is a common obstetric entity. Four major causes of pathological bleeding in 1st trimester are miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, implantation bleeding of pregnancy and cervical pathology. The purpose of this study was to investigate and understand the effect of first trimester vaginal bleeding on maternal and perinatal outcomes in the local population to which our hospital serves. Objective of this study was to estimate the degree of association between first-trimester bleeding and miscarriage, pregnancy outcomes in women with threatened abortion, various maternal complications and outcome of labor in pregnancy complicated by first-trimester bleeding and adverse fetal outcomes affected with first trimester bleeding.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 110 women attending hospital with history of first trimester vaginal bleeding at a tertiary health center - sola civil hospital Ahmedabad for a period of twelve months.Results: Majority (69%) of first trimester bleeding occurs in age group of 21-30 years and majority of patients were primigravida constituting 53% out of 110 patients, 48 patients presented with abortions, out of which 26 had threatened abortion and 22 had other abortions. Primi para with previous history of bleeding per vaginum had more chances to go in full term in present pregnancy.Conclusions: Patients presenting with heavy bleeding per vaginum ended up in pregnancy loss and thus a poor outcome. In the presence of sub-chorionic hematoma, the prognosis of pregnancy is greatly affected as the risk of pre-term, IUGR and especially miscarriages increase significantly.

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Evaluation of First Trimester Pregnancy in Cases of Threatened Abortion by Means of Doppler Sonography

Ultraschall in der Medizin - European Journal of Ultrasound ◽

10.1055/s-2001-17896 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 22 (05) ◽

pp. 208-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

P. Sieroszewski ◽

J. Suzin ◽

G. Bernaschek ◽

J. Deutinger

Keyword(s):

Doppler Sonography ◽

First Trimester ◽

First Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Threatened Abortion

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Baseline Levels of Serum Progesterone and the First Trimester Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Threatened Abortion: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/8780253 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yongshi Deng ◽

Chi Chen ◽

Siyun Chen ◽

Guanyan Mai ◽

Xiuping Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Pregnancy Outcome ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

First Trimester ◽

Outcome Variable ◽

Serum Progesterone ◽

First Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Threatened Abortion

Objective. The relationship between serum progesterone and the first trimester pregnancy outcome of threatened abortion is still controversial. Therefore, we aimed to further study the association between these two parameters. Methods. The present study is an observational retrospective cohort study. A total of 726 participants who had threatened abortion from a hospital in Guangdong, China, were included in this study from 17th August 2011 to 30th October 2018. The exposure variable and the outcome variable were serum progesterone measured at baseline and early pregnancy outcome, respectively. Covariates involved in this study included patients’ basic demographics, obstetric history, and clinical information. Results. A negative association and a saturation effect were detected between serum progesterone and the first trimester pregnancy outcome. When progesterone <90.62 nmol/L, an increase in 1 nmol/L of serum progesterone was associated with 3% decrease of the risk of miscarriage (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95-0.98). Conclusion. There was a greater risk of abortion when the serum progesterone level was less than 90.62 nmol/L. Our findings can better assist the clinician in understanding patients’ conditions and making medical decisions.

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First-trimester Septic Abortion Due to Salmonella enteritidis Oranienburg

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1155/s106474499500010x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 239-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

LoriAnn Zettell ◽

Russel D. Jelsema ◽

Nelson B. Isada

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enteritidis ◽

First Trimester ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Rapid Progression ◽

Fetal Demise ◽

First Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Trimester Pregnancy ◽

History Of ◽

Septic Abortion

Background: Septic abortion caused by transplacental salmonella infection is extremely rare; there are no reported cases of serotype oranienburg as an etiology.Case: We describe a patient with non-typhoidal Salmonella enteritidis serotype oranienburg as a cause of first-trimester pregnancy loss. The rapid progression of this patient's septicemia and adverse outcome is described. The epidemiology and natural history of salmonella infections are also discussed.Conclusion: Non-typhoidal salmonella is still a cause of morbidity in Western countries. This infection can result in rapid-onset fetal demise and septic abortion.

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ASSESSMENT OF VAGINAL BLEEDING IN FIRST TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY BY COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLINICAL AND ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i12.1145 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Aakarsh Sinha ◽

Kumar Amit

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

First Trimester ◽

Abnormal Pregnancy ◽

Medical College ◽

Non Invasive ◽

First Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽

History Of ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Bleeding per vaginum in the first trimester of pregnancy is one of the most common obstetric problems. Bleeding in early pregnancy is an indicator of an abnormality interrupting the normal development and is a common cause of hospital admission. If the viability or non viability of pregnancy can be made on USG, then hormonal therapy and hospitalization can be avoided. This is usually impossible with history and clinical examination and can be established only by USG. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of Vaginal Bleeding in First Trimester of Pregnancy by Comparative Study of Clinical and Ultrasonographic Evaluation. The present study was planned in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Madhubani Medical College and Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar. In the present study 30 females having history of bleeding per vaginum in the first trimester of pregnancy were enrolled. The data generated from the present study concludes that USG is an extremely valuable non invasive tool in the identifying the causes of first trimester vaginal bleeding. It is also helpful in the decision-making algorithm about the safe continuation of the pregnancy and timely intervention for abnormal pregnancy. High incongruity was seen in our study between clinical diagnosis and USG diagnosis. Keywords: Vaginal Bleeding, First Trimester, Pregnancy, Clinical, Ultrasonographic Evaluation, etc.

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Ultrasonographic evaluation of first trimester bleeding

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20173495 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 3614

Author(s):

Awdhut Tiparse ◽

Birwa Gandhi ◽

Arpita Patel

Keyword(s):

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Vaginal Bleeding ◽

First Trimester ◽

Diagnostic Process ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Threatened Abortion ◽

First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽

General Physical ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Maternity Home

Background: Vaginal bleeding in the first trimester is a common obstetric situation ranging from an insignificant episode to life threatening emergency. The major causes are abortion, ectopic, and molar pregnancy. Ultrasonography is playing an increasing role in the diagnostic process. This study was taken up to evaluate its utility vis-à-vis clinical examination findings.Methods: A Prospective study was carried out on all inpatients admitted to Gopnath Maternity Home, Sir T. Hospital, Bhavnagar with complaints of bleeding per vaginum in the first trimester of pregnancy during the study period from December 2016 to May 2017. A complete general physical and pelvic examination was done to arrive at a clinical diagnosis. Patients were then subjected to ultrasound examination. Clinical diagnosis and ultrasound diagnosis were correlated.Results: Among these 200 cases, threatened abortion was the commonest cause of bleeding. This was observed in 74 cases (37%). There were 40 (20%) cases of missed abortion in the present study. Incomplete abortion and complete abortion in 14 and 6 cases respectively. There were 26 (13%) cases of ectopic pregnancy.Conclusions: Ultrasound is a valuable tool in the differentiation of causes of first trimester vaginal bleeding. Ultrasound is helpful in the decision-making algorithm about the safe continuation of the pregnancy, timely intervention for abnormal pregnancy.

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The distance between the embryo and yolk sac associated with inhibin A in the first-trimester pregnancy – which is the novelty?

Obstetrica şi Ginecologia ◽

10.26416/obsgin.67.1.2019.2292 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (67) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Carmen Elena Bucuri ◽

Răzvan Ciortea ◽

Andrei Mihai Malutan ◽

Cristian Iuhaș ◽

Maria Rada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

First Trimester ◽

Yolk Sac ◽

Inhibin A ◽

First Trimester Pregnancy ◽

Trimester Pregnancy

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Progestogens for treatment and prevention of pregnancy disorders

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1515/hmbci.2010.069 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Adolf E. Schindler

Keyword(s):

Premature Birth ◽

Previous History ◽

First Trimester ◽

Study Groups ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Maternal Immune System ◽

Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate ◽

History Of ◽

Threatened Abortion ◽

In Pregnancy

AbstractProgesterone appears to be the dominant hormone not only establishing a proper secretory endometrial development but also adequate decidualization to establish pregnancy and sustain pregnancy development. Progesterone is the natural immunoregulator to control the maternal immune system and not to reject the allogeneic fetus. There are two sources of progesterone: corpus luteum first and placenta later. Three progestogens can be used in pregnancy: (i) progesterone (per os, intravaginal and intramuscular), (ii) dydrogesterone (per os), and (iii) 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (intramuscular). There are three indications, for which these progestogens can be clinically used either for treatment or prevention: (i) first trimester threatened and recurrent (habitual) abortion, (ii) premature labor/premature birth, and (iii) pre-eclampsia (hypertension in pregnancy). The available data are limited and only partially randomized. In threatened abortion the use of progesterone, dydrogesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate leads to a significant improved outcome, when at the time of threatened abortion a viable fetus has been ascertained by ultrasound. For prevention of recurrent abortion there are also some data indicating a significant effect compared with women without progestogen treatment. Prevention of preterm birth by progestogens (progesterone vaginally, orally and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate intramuscularly) was significantly effective. The main study groups include pregnant women with a previous history of premature birth. However, also in women with shortened cervix use of progesterone seems to be helpful. The studies done so far in women with risk factors for pre-eclampsia or established pre-eclampsia were based on parenteral progesterone application. However, new studies are urgently needed.

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