THE ROLE OF INTERMEDIATE IRRIGANTS IN THE PREVENTION OF THE FORMATION OF ORANGE-BROWN PRECIPITATE, FORMED DUE TO INTERACTION BETWEEN SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE AND CHLORHEXIDINE: A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC ANALYSIS.

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Annapoorna Annapoorna ◽  
Manjunatha M ◽  
Shubhashini N ◽  
Blesy V ◽  
Keerthana S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Precipitate Formation ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Group B ◽  
Brown Precipitate

This study aimed to assess the efciency of intermediate irrigants in the prevention of formation of precipitate, formed due to the interaction of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine when used as root canal irrigants.The formation of orange brown precipitate, due to the reaction of 3% sodium hypochlorite and 2% chlorhexidine was assessed using spectrophotometric analysis. Three intermediate irrigants were then assessed for their capabilities to prevent the formation of the precipitate. Group A- 6.25% sodium metabisulphite, Group B- 10% sodium ascorbate and Group C- saline were used at different volumes and the values were recorded by measuring their optical density. An invitro analysis was further carried out on single rooted teeth, to verify the efcacy of intermediate irrigants. The teeth which were subjected to the tests were sectioned and observed under stereomicroscope for the presence of remnants of orange brown precipitate in the root canals. Results: The spectrophotometric analysis showed peak value at 450nm and the precipitate formation was found at 60µl of 2% chlorhexidine and 1 ml of sodium hypochlorite. There was statistical difference in the optical density values between the groups, with saline having highest optical density values followed by 6.25% sodium metabisulphite and 10% sodium ascorbate group. Wherein 10% sodium ascorbate solution prevented the formation of orange brown precipitate than other two group. It was concluded that 10% sodium ascorbate played a vital role in the reduction of formation of parachloro-aniline, when used as an intermediate irrigant. 6.25% Sodium metabisulphite also prevented the precipitate formation, to a lesser extent than sodium ascorbate. However, saline did not eliminate the formation of the precipitate.

In-vitro evaluation of intermediate irrigants for removal of para-chloroaniline from the tooth during root canal treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Dr Blesy Koshy Varughese ◽  
Dr Annapoorna K ◽  
Dr Geeta I B ◽  
Aravind Ganessin
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Canal System ◽  
Lime Juice ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Brown Precipitate

Introduction: The need for root canal treatment is to eliminate bacteria from the infected canal system and to prevent recontamination. In this case, most common irrigant used in root canal treatment are sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% chlorhexidinegluconate (CHX) have been recommended as a less toxic alternative. This treatment of using chemical irrigants for eliminating bacteria leads to a colour formation in the tooth by formation of parachloroaniline (PCA). Our study focuses on the spectrophotometric analysis of PCA formation during the NaOCl and CHX are mixed and thereby using intermediate irrigant solutions to prevention of orange brown precipitate. Spectrophotometer works on the principle of Beer Lambert’s Law in which - max determination of PCA was done using a wavelength scan between 350nm to 550nm. Furthermore, three different intermediate irrigant solutions were tested to analyse the efficient solution system for prevention of the orange brown precipitate. Group A fresh lime juice extract, group B 14.25% EDTA and group C 70% ethanol was used.Group A (lime group) exhibited the least OD value among all the experimental groups followed by group B (14.25% EDTA) and group C(70% Ethanol) and also statistically proved. Spectrophotometric analysis showed freshly prepared lime juice extract was found to be very effective in prevention of PCA precipitate followed by 14.25% EDTA and 70% ethanol. Thus, this study gives and insight about the analysis and novel ways of prevention of PCA during root canal treatment

Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Detail Reproduction of Dental Stone after Immersion in Various Different Disinfectant Solutions, Under Stereomicroscope 10 X Magnification –An In-Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathika Rai ◽  
M. A. Easwaran ◽  
K. T. Dhivya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
Surface Detail ◽  
Group B

Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde

scholarly journals Study of Homogeneity and Water Absorption Behavior of Double Layer Silver Gray Tiles Using Film Neutron Radiography Technique

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
MK Alam ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MA Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Neutron Radiography ◽  
Radiographic Image ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Density Values

Neutron radiography (NR) technique has been adopted to study homogeneity and water absorption behavior of building materials, like double layer silver gray tiles obtained from Concord Real Estate & Building Products, Unit II, Salna, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Measurements of optical density differences between the film background and radiographic images of the dry/wet samples were used for investigation of the present work. The optical density was measured by using the digital optical densitometer (Model 07-424, S-23285, Victoreen Inc. USA). Large variation in optical density values of the radiographic image was observed. From this observation it shows that the rate of water absorption of the tiles increases with increase of immersion time. Through the investigation of radiographic image and subsequently analyzing the optical density we observed that distribution of the elements in the tiles are inhomogeneous. Key words: Homogeneity, Water absorption, Silver gray, Neturon radiography.DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v43i2.963 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(2), 197-206, 2008

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT SALINITY AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE GROWTH OF PORPHYRIDIUM CRUENTUM

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Leyla USLU
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Porphyridium Cruentum ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Density Values

In the study, Porphyridium cruentum was cultured under laboratory conditions at 20±2°C, 16:8 (light:dark) photoperiod and continuous aeration to different salinity (20‰, 30‰, 40‰) and two different light intensities (37 µmol m-2s-1 photon and 110 µmol m-2s-1 photon) and growth was determined. Dry matter, optical density and chlorophyll a parameter were used to determine growth. The best growth was determined in culture with a salinity of 30‰ at 110 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity. In this group, the optical density (OD) was 1.504±0.003 and the dry matter amount was 1.327gl-1. In the case of 37µmol µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity, the optical density values were found to be similar in groups with 30‰ and 50‰ salinity and were found to be 1.234±0.004 and 1.215±0.002, respectively. The amounts of dry matter were also similar; 1.168gl-1 and 1.159gl-1, respectively. While the lowest growth was in the culture at 37 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity and 20‰ salinity. The optical density obtained on the last day of this group was 1.165±0.004 and the dry matter amount was determined as 0.986gl-1. The amount of chlorophyll a was determined in the cultured groups at the best 37 µmol m-2s-1 photon light intensity.

scholarly journals Lysis and protoplast formation of group B streptococci by mutanolysin

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1033-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
G B Calandra ◽  
R M Cole
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Enzymatic Preparation ◽  
Protoplast Formation ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Intracellular Enzymes ◽  
Group B ◽  
Shape Loss

Group B streptococci, refractory to previously tested muralysins under physiological conditions, were successfully converted to protoplasts by use of a recently describede N-acetyl muramidase, mutanolysin, derived from a streptomycete. Purified enzyme was effective, but crude preparations, although degrading cell walls, simultaneously produced peculiar effects of cytoplasmic coagulation, retention of cell shape, loss of some intracellular enzymes, and a rise in optical density. Addition of purified mutanolysin to the array of muralysins (group C streptococcal phage-associated lysin, lysozyme), previously successful in preparing protoplasts of different streptococci, now makes possible enzymatic preparation of protoplasts of streptococci of groups A, B, C. D. G, and H.

scholarly journals OPTICAL DENSITY OF YELLOW PRINTS AT COATED AND UNCOATED PAPER

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Gema Sukmawati Suryadi ◽  
Susiani Susiani ◽  
Mawan Nugraha ◽  
Balqis Azhar Ulfah Alifah ◽  
Meuthia Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Optimal Density ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Print Materials ◽  
Uncoated Paper ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Printing Ink

Optical Density is one of the important parameters used to control print quality. Optical density in print materials is form of interaction of ink with paper. This research is oriented to the investigation of optical density value of Yellow printing ink on coated and uncoated paper. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of printing ink thickness on optimal density value. The optical density value of yellow prints obtained using densitometer measurement, printed using IGT method on coated and uncoated paper. Ink thickness variations are applied (0.8 - 9.6 μm). Density values was found to increase as the ink layer thickness increased to a certain point called the optimal density (2.4 μm ink thickness on coated paper and 4.5 μm on uncoated paper). Optical density of yellow printing ink on coated paper is higher uncoated paper, which relates to porosity on paper

scholarly journals Resistance levels to two strains of Potato virus Y (PVY) in transgenic potatoes cv. Achat

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
André N. Dusi ◽  
César Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Carlos Torres ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Transgenic Potatoes

Two transgenic potato clones of cv. Achat, denominated 1P and 63P were challenged with two Potato virus Y strains (PVY O and PVY N), under greenhouse conditions, to be evaluated for resistance to these strains. Optical density values of the Elisa readings of samples from the transgenic plants were compared to readings from samples of the inoculated non-transformed plants. Clone 1P was extremely resistant to both PVY strains, reflected by not being systemically infected. Clone 63P, however, presented partial resistance to both PVY strains as local or systemic infection was delayed in some days. These results confirm the previously reported extreme resistance to PVY of clone 1P.

scholarly journals Analisis Respons Imun Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio Koi) yang Divaksin dengan Whole Protein Spora Myxobolus koi sebagai Kandidat Vaksin Myxobolusis [ Immune Response Analysis of Fish Koi (Cyprinus carpio Koi) Vaccinated Myxobolus Koi Spores Whole Protein as Vaccine Candidate Myxobolusis]

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mohamad Yusuf ◽  
Gunanti Mahasri ◽  
Mufasirin Mufasirin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio Koi

Abstract Myxobolus is one of parasites on koi fish that belongs to a class myxosporea that can infect and systemic and can cause harm to the fish farming. Vaccination is an attempt to cause-specific endurance through vaccination. Observations differential leukocytes and increased optical density values can be used to determine the effectiveness of the vaccine is given. This study aims to analyze the immune response koi fish vaccinated with Myxobolus koi spores whole protein for vaccine development myxobolusis in koi fish. The method used in this study is Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The results showed that a change in the total number and types of leukocytes that can be used as indicators of the presence of certain infectious diseases that occure in fish. The highest value of lymphocytes in treatment B, monocytes highest in treatment D, neutrophils on treatment D, eosinophils on treatment A and basophils highest in treatment A. The observation of the highest optical density value in treatment B (fish vaccinated and infected 80 M. koi spores / tail) of 0.593 at day 30, while the lowest in treatment D (fish are not vaccinated but diinveksi 80 M. koi spores / tail) of 0,064 in 30 days

scholarly journals Efficacy of various solutions in preventing orange-brown precipitate formed during alternate use of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine: An in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Naveen Chhabra ◽  
Satish Gangaramani ◽  
KiranPrabhakar Singbal ◽  
Krupa Desai ◽  
Kritika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Brown Precipitate
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