scholarly journals DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS OF TYPE2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Somedeb Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Clinically Significant

To evaluate severity of diabetic retinopathy in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy. This was a cross sectional study of 159 eyes of 80 patients aged above 40 years, diagnosed to have Type 2 DM with diabetic nephropathy. All the patients were investigated for albuminuria. The retinopathy was evaluated according to the Early Treatment Diabetes Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification into nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Diabetic macular edema was characterized as clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and non-CSME. The severity of retinopathy was correlated with nephropathy. In this study, mean age of the patients were 58.26± 6.43 years and male to female ratio 1.96:1. Out of 80 diabetic patients, 22(27.5%) patients had microalbuminuria and 58 (72.5 %) had macroalbuminuria. In this study, 67 (83.7%) patients had diabetic retinopathy, out of which 14 (20.9%) patients had mild NPDR, 20 (29.9%) had moderate NPDR, 16 (23.9%) had severe NPDR, 5(7.4%) had very severe NPDR and 12 (17.9%) had PDR. In 22 patients with microalbuminuria 6 (27.3%) had mild NPDR, 4 (5.0%) had moderate NPDR and none had maculopathy. In 58 patients with macroalbuminuria, 8 (13.8%) had mild NPDR, 16 (27.6%) had moderate NPDR, 16 (27.6%) severe NPDR, 5 (8.6%) has very severe NPDR, 4(6.9%) had early PDR and 8(13.8%) had high-risk PDR, 14 (24.1%) had CSME and 4 (6.9%) had non-CSME. In our study, diabetic nephropathy patients with macroalbuminuria had more severe type of DR than patients with microalbuminuria.

scholarly journals Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy among patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Ilorin, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Olokoba L B ◽  
Mahmud O A ◽  
Adepoju F G ◽  
Olokoba A B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
High Level ◽  
Male To Female

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy is a major cause of blindness worldwide. The associated loss of productivity and quality of life of the patients with diabetic retinopathy will lead to additional socioeconomic burden. This study aims to determine the level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Materials and Methods: </strong>This hospital-based cross sectional study, was carried out at the Diabetic and Ophthalmology clinics of University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria from November 2011 to July 2012. A total of 365<strong> </strong>patients had validated, semi-structured, and interviewer-administered questionnaires to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical information and awareness of diabetic retinopathy. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 365 patients were enrolled, with age between 19 and 90 years, and a mean of 45.8 ±16.3 years. The male to female ratio was 1: 2.2. Ninety-nine respondents (27.1%) had no education. The majority (30.4%) had only primary education; 21.1% had tertiary; 14.5% had secondary while 6.8% had Quranic education. The mean duration of diabetes mellitus was 14.1 ±13.09 years. Of the 365 patients with diabetes mellitus, 279(76.4%) had heard that diabetes mellitus affects the eyes, while 86(23.6%) had not. Of those who had heard, 221(79.2%) heard it from health personnel, 45(16.1%) from radio/television, 25(9.0%) from internet, 23(8.2%) from books/newspapers, while 16(5.7%) heard from other sources.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a high level of awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst the patients. However, the high level of awareness of the blinding complication of diabetes mellitus did not translate to a correspondingly high level of ocular examination for diabetic retinopathy.  <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Demographics and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among diabetic patients attending the vitreo-retinal service at a tertiary eye care center in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Thapa ◽  
G Paudyal ◽  
N Maharjan ◽  
PS Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Proliferative Stage ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Clinically Significant

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of blindness in Nepal. Objective: To investigate the demographic characteristics and awareness of diabetic retinopathy among new cases of diabetes mellitus (DM) attending the vitreo-retinal service of a tertiary eye care centre in Nepal. Materials and methods: A hospital-based, cross-sectional study including all consecutive new cases of DM was carried out. Detailed demographics of the subjects and their awareness of potential ocular problems from diabetes mellitus were noted. Results: A total of 210 patients with a mean age of 57 ± 10.4 years were included. Brahmins (34.8 %) and Newars (34.3 %) were the predominant ethnic groups. Housewives (38.6 %) and office workers (18.6 %) were the major groups affected. Two-fifths (37 %) of the cases were unaware of DR and its potential for blindness. Awareness was significantly higher among literate patients (P = 0.006). Fundus evaluation was done for the first time in 48.6 %, although almost four-fifths had a duration of diabetes of five years or more. DR was found in 78 % of the cases, with 16.7 % already at the proliferative stage and about 40 % exhibiting clinically significant diabetic macular edema. Conclusion: A lack of awareness of DR coupled with a high proportion of cases already at a sight-threatening stage of retinopathy at their first presentation reflects the need for improved awareness programs to reduce the burden of blindness from DR in Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i1.5844 NEPJOPH 2012; 4(1): 10-16

scholarly journals STUDY OF PREVALENCE OF NEPHROPATHY IN NEWLY DIAGNOSED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Kuma ◽  
Pankaj Hans ◽  
Ram Raj Ravi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cross Sectional

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the commonest diseases of the world.The dangerous fact about diabetes is that it is ''Silent Killer''.By the time patient is diagnosed to have diabetes,he/she is already affected with complications like diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. It is specially worse in India, where various factors delay the diagnosis of diabetes compared to developed nations. Diabetic nephropathy and microalbuminuria are also strong predictors of cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients of diabetes,and hence are vital indicators in the patients. AIM: To find out prevalence of nephropathy in newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and other complications. METHODS:.In this cross-sectional study first 100 pts from PMCH Medicine OPD and IPD of age>20yrs of type2 diabetes mellitus during study period were taken and evaluated for HbA1c, urea, creatinine, Microalbuminuria, LVH, & blood sugar levels. RESULT: .It was found that 34 % of patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus have developed nephropathy at the time of detection.Among these 34 patients 18 have developed LVH and 13 out of 66 diabetic patients developed LVH.Result is significant with p<0.001.92% of newly diagnosed diabetic patients have HbA1c>7.5% (p=0.01 significant) CONCLUSION:. diabetic nephropathy is much larger than imagined in freshly diagnosed/new onset cases of DM type 2,especially compared to more developed nations.Microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes is a potential risk factor not only for kidney function impairment but also a marker for high risk of cardiovascular complications.

scholarly journals Association of Retinopathy with Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
Rushda Sharmin Binte Rouf ◽  
SM Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Zafar Ahmed Latif
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Albumin Excretion Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and nephropathy are two major complications of diabetes mellitus carrying significant morbidity and mortality. In this study DR was investigated in different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to find out possible association of these two devastating complications.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 150 diabetic patients having CKD in BIRDEM. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60ml/min/1.73m2and/or urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) >30 mg/day in at least two occasions in 3 months apart. Retinopathy was assessed by direct fundoscopic examination and confirmed by color fundus photography. Severe DR (SDR) included proliferative diabetic retinopathy, severe non-proliferative DR and maculopathy; whereas microaneurysm regarded as non-severe retinopathy.Results: Majority (68%) of the respondents had some form of retinopathy (38.35% SDR and 29.65% nonsevere). There was strong association between different levels of albuminuria (UAER) and DR (p<0.0001). On the contrary DR did not correspond with stages of CKD (P=0.349). Hypertension (79.5%) and dyslipidaemia (59%) were common co-morbidities.Conclusion: This study concluded that DR prevalence was more in nephropathy along with significant association with UAER. Whereas different stages of CKD was not associated with stages of DR . This finding focused the necessity of regular retinal examination irrespective of the stage of renal involvement.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(3): 210-214

STUDY OF PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF NEPHROPATHY AND RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER, UDAIPUR

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Yash Salil Patel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Diabetic Patients

Microvascular complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), (retinopathy and nephropathy) have a similar etiopathogenetic mechanism besides genetic predisposition. Even though these two complications frequently co-exist, their frequency varies. The association of these two signicant complications and their coexistence needs a relook. To study prevalence of retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mel Aim: litus. Comparison of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy with duration of illness and various risk factors that affects development, progression and severity of diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. 100 diabetic patients were taken up for study for a period of one year meeti Methodology: ng the criteria for the present study. Detailed history was taken from patient and meticulous examination was done of all patients with special emphasis on renal and ophthalmic symptoms. Clinical data and investigation prole was tabulated. Statistical analysis was done. Among 100 patients, 22 had diabetic retinopathy. Among patients with diab Results & Conclusion: etic retinopathy, 68.18% patients had positive family history. Among 100 patients, 32 had diabetic nephropathy, mean FBS was 207 mg%, PPBS was 317.8 mg% and mean HbA was 9.2%. Among patients with diabetic retinopathy, mean FBS was 211 mg%, PPBS was 324.9 1c mg%, HbA was 9.5%. From this study it is found that diabetic nephropathy starts earlier than retinopathy. In this study 1c hypertension was found to accelerate progression into nephropathy and retinopathy.

scholarly journals Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Sara Cherchi ◽  
Alfonso Gigante ◽  
Maria Anna Spanu ◽  
Pierpaolo Contini ◽  
Gisella Meloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of visual loss in individuals aged 20–64 years old. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study, sex-gender difference in DR in a large sample of type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). 20,611 T2DM regularly attending the units for the last three years were classified as having: (a) No DR (NDR), (b) nonproliferative DR (NPDR), or (c) preproliferative/proliferative DR (PPDR). DR of all grades was present in 4294 T2DM (20.8%), with a significant higher prevalence in men as compared to women (22.0% vs. 19.3% p < 0.0001). Among DR patients, both NPDR and PPDR were significantly more prevalent in men vs. women (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0016, respectively). Women had similar age and BMI, but longer diabetes duration, worse glycemic metabolic control, and more prevalence of hypertension and chronic renal failure (CRF) of any grade vs. men. No significant differences between sexes were evident in term of drug therapy for diabetes and associate pathologies. Conclusions: In this large sample of T2DM, men show higher prevalence of DR vs. women, in spite of less represented risk factors, suggesting that male sex per se might be a risk factor for DR development.

scholarly journals Thickness of Intraretinal Layers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Depending on a Concomitant Diabetic Neuropathy: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study Using Deviation Maps for OCT Data Analysis

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ruby Kala Prakasam ◽  
Aleksandra Matuszewska-Iwanicka ◽  
Dagmar-Christiane Fischer ◽  
Heidrun Schumann ◽  
Diethelm Tschöpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Retinal Thickness ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Retinal Layers

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) supports the detection of thickness changes in intraretinal layers at an early stage of diabetes mellitus. However, the analysis of OCT data in cross-sectional studies is complex and time-consuming. We introduce an enhanced deviation map-based analysis (MA) and demonstrate its effectiveness in detecting early changes in intraretinal layer thickness in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to common early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) grid-based analysis (GA). To this end, we obtained OCT scans of unilateral eyes from 33 T2DM patients without diabetic retinopathy and 40 healthy controls. The patients were categorized according to concomitant diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DN). The results of MA and GA demonstrated statistically significant differences in retinal thickness between patients and controls. Thinning was most pronounced in total retinal thickness and the thickness of the inner retinal layers in areas of the inner macular ring, selectively extending into areas of the outer macular ring and foveal center. Patients with clinically proven DN showed the strongest thinning of the inner retinal layers. MA showed additional areas of thinning whereas GA tended to underestimate thickness changes, especially in areas with localized thinning. We conclude that MA enables a precise analysis of retinal thickness data and contributes to the understanding of localized changes in intraretinal layers in adults with T2DM.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Cláudio Garcia Lira Neto ◽  
Mayra de Almeida Xavier ◽  
José Wicto Pereira Borges ◽  
Márcio Flávio Moura de Araújo ◽  
Marta Maria Coelho Damasceno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its components in a population of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 201 diabetic patients. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests ( p <0.05) were performed. Results: the majority of participants were females and overweight, with a mean age of 63.1 years and a low level of education, and categorized as physically inactive. Of all individuals investigated, 50.7% were diagnosed with Metabolic Syndrome and 92% had at least one of the syndrome components with values beyond those recommended. Conclusion: it is essential to take preventive actions and develop studies that help to identify the factors associated with this syndrome.

scholarly journals Rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type two diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: A cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251506
Author(s):  
Shambel Nigussie ◽  
Nigussie Birhan ◽  
Firehiwot Amare ◽  
Getnet Mengistu ◽  
Fuad Adem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Glycemic Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective To assess the rate of glycemic control and associated factors among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Dilchora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 13 May to 16 August 2019. Type 2 diabetic patients on follow up at Dilchora Referral Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were included. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. Data was collected by a face-to-face interview and review of medical records. The primary outcome was the level of blood glucose during three consecutive visits. Poor glycemic control was defined as a blood sugar level of more than 154 mg/dL based on the average of measurements from three consecutive visits. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of glycemic control. Result A total of 394 participants responded to the interview and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was 45.2% (95%CI: 40.6%-50.0%). Patients who were on oral anti-diabetic drug plus insulin had more than two times greater chance of poor glycemic control than patients on oral anti-diabetic drug alone: 2.177(95%CI:1.10–4.29). The odds of poor glycemic control in patients who did not understand the pharmacist’s instructions was two times higher than patients with good understanding of instructions 1.86(95%CI: 1.10–3.13). Patients who had poor level of practice were found to have poor glycemic control: 1.69(95% CI: 1.13–2.55). Conclusion The overall prevalence of poor glycemic control was high among type 2 diabetes patients. Oral anti-diabetic drugs in combination with insulin, lack of understanding of pharmacist’s advice, and poor practice of diabetic patients were significant factors of poor glycemic control. Pharmacists should reassure the understanding of patients before discharge during counseling. Optimization of the dose of antidiabetic medications and combination of oral hypoglycemic agents should be considered.

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