scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-SEIZURE ACTIVITY OF SIDA RHOMBIFOLIAALONE AND IN COMBINATION WITH ANTI-SEIZURE DRUGS IN SWISS ALBINO MICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ruchika Kalra ◽  
Bhargav Purohit ◽  
Ashish Anovadiya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Absence Seizure ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Sida Rhombifolia

Background-Anti-seizure activity of Sida Rhombifolia in low (300mg/kg) and high doses(600mg/kg) and its combination with Phenytoin(50mg/kg) and Sodium valproate(300mg/kg) were studied in chronic model (14 days) of Maximal Electroshock Seizure (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure respectively. Methods- Anti-seizure activity of Sida Rhombifolia on generalized tonic-clonic seizure and absence seizure was evaluated using standard maximal electroshock seizure method and pentylenetetrazole test. Results- In MES induced seizures Sida Rhombifolia in high dose prevented both tonic extension and tonic flexion. In PTZ induced seizures Sida Rhombifolia in high dose significantly (p<0.001) increase the latency of onset of seizures and both high and low dose Sida Rhombifolia significantly decrease the duration of seizure (p<0.01) as compared to vehicle control, however, there was no significant effect on onset of 1st myoclonic jerk (p>0.05). The addition of Sida Rhombifolia to the sub- therapeutic dose of sodium valproate and phenytoin showed a synergistic effect. Conclusion- Inhibition of seizure by Sida Rhombifolia could be due to the presence of flavonoids that acts as a partial positive allosteric modulator at GABAA (γ-aminobutyric acid) receptors, penetrates the blood-brain barrier and possess the anti-convulsant activity and also because of its antioxidant property. Sida Rhombifolia can be effective in generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone and as add on with sodium valproate for absence seizures.

scholarly journals Assessment of efficacy of promethazine on seizure activity and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs lorazepam and sodium valproate in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Vinod Shinde ◽  
Sandesh Warudkar
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
H1 Receptor ◽  
Electroshock Seizures ◽  
Antihistaminic Drug

Background: Presently available antiepileptic drugs are effective in controlling seizures in more than half of patients of all epilepsy but use is often limited by adverse effects. H1 receptor antagonists, have a controversial status in patients of epilepsy. Both pro and antiepileptic effect has been documented in various animal studies. Hence, this study was designed to see the effect of promethazine, an H1 antihistaminic drug and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs lorazepam and sodium valproate in rats.Methods: The effect of promethazine (10 mg/kg) and its interactions with antiepileptic drugs lorazepam and sodium valproate was assessed by using maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and chemoshock pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) method.Results: Promethazine along with lorazepam and sodium valproate in subtherapeutic doses exerted significant protection against MES induced seizures whereas no such protection was observed with PTZ method rather the seizure threshold was reduced.Conclusions: Subtherapeutic doses of promethazine alone and in combination with lorazepam and sodium valproate showed protection against seizures in MES method. However, proconvulsant effect was seen with PTZ method. This shows dual behavior of promethazine on MES and PTZ induced seizures. 

Evaluation of Antiepileptic activity of Mosapride in Albino wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 6364-6368
Author(s):  
Shubhika Jain ◽  
Bharti Chogtu ◽  
Vybhava Krishna ◽  
Isha Khadke
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Animal Models Of Epilepsy

Serotonin causes a significant shift in the excitability of neurons and endogenous serotonin and drugs acting on serotonergic receptors play a role in pathogenesis of epilepsy. This study was done to study the effect of Mosapride, a serotonin receptor 5HT4 agonist, in animal models of epilepsy. Albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups with six animals in each group. Group 1 was control group, group 2 was standard group and group 3, 4 and 5 received test drug mosapride in low dose (3mg/kg), high dose (6mg/kg) and mosapride plus standard antiepileptic drug respectively. The antiepileptic efficacy was evaluated using Maximal Electroshock Seizure model (MES) and Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions. Data was analysed using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukeys test. Mosapride treated animals showed statistically significant decrease (p<0.001) in the duration of flexion, hind limb extension and post ictal depression in MES model which was comparable to phenytoin group. In PTZ model, mosapride alone did not show any significant difference as compared to control group in terms of latency and duration of seizures (p>0.05). The antiepileptic efficacy of mosapride is similar to phenytoin in MES model. However, in PTZ model mosapride did not show any beneficial antiepileptic effect

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA ROOT IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Madhavi Eerike ◽  
Venu Gopala Rao Konda ◽  
Ruckmani Arunachalam ◽  
Umar Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Antiepileptic Activity ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Azima Tetracantha

Objective: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha root (EEATR) against Maximal electroshock (MES) and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in mice.Methods: 48 adult male mice were used and 4 groups with six in each were allocated to each model. 4 Groups are divided into control, standard and two test groups. Control group received normal saline, standard group, Sodium valproate-200 mg/kg and the two test groups received ethanolic extract of roots of Azima tetracantha (EEATR) 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Antiepileptic activity was assessed based on hind limb tonic extension duration, onset of convulsions and mortality. The results were compared with control and standard.Results: In MES model EEATR reduced the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) and seizure protection was 50% and 66.6% with 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. In PTZ model both the doses of EEATR delayed the onset of clonic phase and prevented death in 50% of animals in group treated with 500 mg/kg EEATR, similar to sodium valproate. Results were analyzed by ANOVA with p<0.05 considered as significant.Conclusion: EEATR has shown anticonvulsant activity in both MES and PTZ models. 500 mg/kg of EEATR has better protection than 250 mg/kg against seizure in MES model and equally efficacious as sodium valproate standard in PTZ model.

scholarly journals Effect of Ellagic Acid on Seizure Threshold in Two Acute Seizure Tests in Mice

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4841
Author(s):  
Mateusz Pieróg ◽  
Katarzyna Socała ◽  
Elżbieta Wyska ◽  
Ewa Poleszak ◽  
Piotr Wlaź
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Acute Seizure

Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural dietary polyphenol that has many beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and neuroprotective effects. Studies have revealed that EA may modulate seizure activity in chemically induced animal models of seizures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of EA on the seizure threshold in two acute seizure tests in male mice, i.e., in the intravenous (i.v.) pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure test and in the maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test. The obtained results showed that EA (100 mg/kg) significantly elevated the threshold for both the first myoclonic twitch and generalized clonic seizure in the i.v. PTZ seizure test. At the highest dose tested (200 mg/kg), EA increased the threshold for tonic hindlimb extension in the MEST test. EA did not produce any significant changes in motor coordination (assessed in the chimney test) or muscular strength (investigated in the grip-strength test). The plasma and total brain concentration-time profiles of EA after intraperitoneal and oral administration were also determined. Although further studies are necessary to confirm the anticonvulsant activity of EA, our findings suggest that it may modulate seizure susceptibility in animal models.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Bilateral Femoral Neck Fracture Due to a Tonic-Clonic Seizure and High-Dose Steroid Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-516
Author(s):  
Fernando Diaz Dilernia ◽  
Martin M. Estefan ◽  
Gerardo Zanotti ◽  
Fernando Comba ◽  
Francisco Piccaluga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Femoral Neck Fracture ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Steroid ◽  
Neck Fracture

scholarly journals Reductions in Hydrogen Sulfide Precede Onset of Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Corneal Kindled Mouse Model of Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christi Cho ◽  
Maxwell Zeigler ◽  
Stephanie Mizuno ◽  
Richard S. Morrison ◽  
Rheem Totah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Brain Homogenate ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Mitochondrial Stress ◽  
Acute Seizures ◽  
Related Proteins

Epilepsy is a heterogenous neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures, mitochondrial stress, and neurodegeneration. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter, promotes mitochondrial function and biogenesis, elicits neuromodulation and neuroprotection, and may acutely suppress seizures. A major gap in knowledge remains in understanding the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and progressive changes in H2S levels following acute seizures and during epileptogenesis. We thus sought to quantify changes in H2S and its methylated metabolite (MeSH) via LC-MS/MS subsequent to acute maximal electroshock and 6 Hz 44 mA seizures in mice, as well as in the corneal kindled mouse model of chronic seizures. Plasma H2S was acutely reduced after a maximal electroshock seizure. H2S or MeSH levels in whole brain homogenate and expression of related genes in corneal kindled mice were not altered. However, plasma H2S and MeSH levels were significantly lower during kindling, but not after established kindling. Morever, we demonstrated a time-dependent increase in expression of mitochondrial membrane integrity-related proteins, Opa1, Mfn2, Drp1, and Mff during kindling, which did not correlate with gene expression. Taken together, short-term reductions in plasma H2S could be a novel biomarker for seizures. Future studies should further define the role of H2S and mitochondrial stress in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Neurocysticercosis among Seizure patients: - Single Center Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar Thapa ◽  
Pankaj Raj Nepal ◽  
Karuna Tamrakar Karki
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Seizure Disorder ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Absence Seizure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perilesional Edema

Background and purpose: The incidence of Epilepsy is high all over Nepal. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the incidence of seizure and neurocysticercosis (NCC) among patients admitted to our hospital in Far Eastern Nepal. Material and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was done among patients diagnosed as NCC with a seizure disorder in B & C Medical College Teaching, from September 2017 to August 2018. Neurocysticercosis was diagnosed based on Computer Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), clinical features and laboratory investigations matching Del Brutto’s absolute and major criteria. Result: 103 patients were admitted to the hospital with clinical features of seizure disorder. Neurocysticercosis was diagnosed in 29(28%) patients. Among them, 21(72.41%) were males and 8(27.59%) were females. Patients presented with Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTCS) were 18(62%) and 3(10.35%) patients had focal seizures. Focal Seizure with secondary generalization (FSSG) was seen in 5(17%), 2(7%) had status epilepticus and 1(3.45%) patient had presented with absence seizure. Most of the patients 18(62%) had a calcified stage of NCC with perilesional edema in neuroimaging. Phenytoin was the most commonly used intravenous antiepileptic drug (AED) followed by Levetiracetam and Sodium Valproate. Carbamazepine was the most common oral AED used.  Conclusion: NCC is the most common finding among seizure patients admitted to our hospital. The incidence of NCC is high in Eastern Nepal. Poor hygiene, insanitation, low socioeconomic status and lack of awareness were the key factors in spreading NCC.

Temporal lobectomy for refractory status epilepticus in a case of limbic encephalitis

2008 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Weimer ◽  
Warren Boling ◽  
David Pryputniewicz ◽  
Adriana Palade
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Refractory Status Epilepticus ◽  
Temporal Lobectomy ◽  
Bronchial Biopsy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Refractory Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

The authors report a case of status epilepticus secondary to limbic encephalitis that was successfully treated with temporal lobectomy. A 45-year-old woman presented in status epilepticus refractory to high-dose suppressive medical therapy. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed T2- and FLAIR-weighted hyperintensities in the right temporal lobe, left and right frontal lobes, and pons. A lumbar puncture revealed normal findings. Continuous electroencephalography monitoring showed continued right temporal seizure activity. A paraneoplastic panel was positive for N-type voltage-gated calcium channels. Subsequent bronchial biopsy revealed small cell carcinoma of the lung. A right temporal lobectomy was performed due to refractory status, resulting in resolution of seizure activity and recovery of good neurological function. The authors describe their case and review the literature on surgical therapy for refractory status epilepticus and limbic encephalitis.

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy: a rare pediatric brain disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Farrell ◽  
Michael B. Foster ◽  
Adetokunbo O. Omoruyi ◽  
Suzanne E. Kingery ◽  
Kupper A. Wintergerst
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Activity ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hashimoto’S Encephalopathy ◽  
High Dose Methylprednisolone ◽  
Time Of Presentation ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
New Onset

AbstractWe report a 9-year-old female who presented with new onset intractable seizure activity followed by a prolonged encephalopathic state. After ruling out common etiologies, Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) was considered, and antibody levels to thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin were both markedly elevated in her serum. She was euthyroid at the time of presentation. Upon treatment with high dose methylprednisolone, the patient demonstrated a significant improvement in her encephalopathy. The diagnosis of HE requires strong clinical suspicion with evidence of antithyroid antibodies, as well as an encephalopathy not explained by another etiology. While well documented in the adult literature, only a handful of pediatric cases have been described to date. Patients with HE have a nearly universal response to high dose glucocorticoids. HE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient, adult or pediatric, who displays prolonged, unexplainable encephalopathy.

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