ORIGINAL ARTICLE ON THE MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF FORAMEN MAGNUM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Anitha. V ◽  
Aarthishri. P
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Classi Cation ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occipital Condyles

Introduction: Centrally in the deepest part of posterior cranial fossa is the largest foramen, Foramen magnum surrounded by basilar part of occipital bone on either side. Because of relation between the FM and the vital structures passing through it, study on its morphometric features is of great signicance. Aim and objectives: The objectives were to study the various morphological features of the foramen magnum in dry skulls using an analogue Vernier calliper. Materials and methods: 50 dry skulls (8 base skulls, 42 full skulls) of human cadaver of unknown age and sex were obtained to study the morphometric features like shapes, anteroposterior and transverse diameters and FM index in the department of Anatomy, Kanyakumari Government medical college, Asaripallam. Results: The classication of determined shapes were round in 29.7%, hexagonal in 18.2%, egg shaped in 16.9%, oval in 12.7%, tetragonal in 11.4%, pentagonal in 3.7% and irregular in 7.4%. In 12% of the skulls the occipital condyles were found to protrude into the foramen. The mean value of anteroposterior and transverse diameter was found to be 35 ±1.2mm, and 28 ± 1.4 mm respectively and average foramen magnum index was 1.25 ± 0.8. Conclusion: Foramen magnum dimensions are used for sex determination. The structural integrity of foramen magnum is usually preserved in re accidents and explosions due to its resistant nature and secluded anatomical position. The data obtained from protrusion of occipital condyles would help in neurosurgical approach of foramen magnum meningiomas.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF OCCIPITAL CONDYLES IN ADULT DRY HUMAN SKULLS OF RAJASTHAN POPULATION

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Devesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Occipital Condyles

BACKGROUND: Skull is the most complex osseous structure in the body. Foramen magnum (FM) is an important landmark of the base of the skull. Anteriorly on each side of FM oval occipital condyles are present. The occipital condyles project downwards to articulate with the superior articular facets on lateral masses of the atlas vertebra to form synovial atlanto-occipital joint. Understanding the anatomy of the occipital condyles is important for different approaches. OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to morphometric analysis of occipital condyles and foramen magnum and its importance in transcondylar approach. MATERIALAND METHODS: The present study was carried out on 75 dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from Rajasthan population from the department of Mahatma Gandhi Medical College Jaipur, Rajasthan. All the measurements were taken with the help of digital vernier calipers. RESULTS :The mean value of anterior intercondylar distance was 21.50mm and posterior intercondylar was 38.99mm. The mean anteroposterior diameter was 35.11±3.12mm ans transverse diameter was 29.35±3.48mm. CONCLUSION :The occipital condyles form the lateral limits of the cranio-vertebral junction. The configuration and orientation of the occipital condyles, as well as the location of the intracranial and extracranial orifices of hypoglossal canal may affect the lateral approaches to the craniovertebral junction

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Srivastava ◽  
Medha Das ◽  
Shirin Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Brain Herniation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Large Opening ◽  
Human Skulls

Introduction: Foramen magnum is a large opening located in the occipital bone of the skull. The morphometric analysis of foramen magnum is clinically and surgically important because vital structures passing through it may suffer compression such as in cases of achondroplasia, brain herniation and meningiomas. Objectives: To study morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in dry human skulls and to measure its anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter and foramen magnum index. Material & Methods: 100 dried human skulls of unknown age and sex were obtained from Department of Anatomy, Rama Medical College and GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Deformed samples were excluded. Different parameters were measured with the help of Vernier caliper. Results: The mean antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum was 33.79mm. The maximum antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum was 40mm and minimum antero-posterior diameter was 28.2mm.The mean transverse diameter of foramen magnum was 28.30mm.The maximum transverse diameter of foramen magnum was 36mm and minimum transverse diameter was 21.5mm.The mean index of foramen magnum was 84.14mm. Conclusion: The morphometric analysis of foramen magnum and its variation is important not only for anatomists but also important to the anesthetists, neurosurgeons, orthopedicians and radiologists ; while planning and performing cranio-vertebral junction procedures.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN DRY HUMAN SKULL AT SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krati Bhardwaj ◽  
Chandrakala Agarwal ◽  
Dhiraj Saxena ◽  
Jitendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medium Type ◽  
Skull Bones

Background: The present study was conducted for analysis of the morphometry shape and determination of sex by foramen Magnum. Methods: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 dried human skull of unknown age and sex were slected for present study from the Department of anatomy, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. In case of skull bones, all 30 cranial bases were visually assessed for FM shape classification. Each FM shape was classified into one of the 8 types: oval, egg, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, combination of 2 different semicircles and irregular. Results: The mean anteroposterior diameter of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 37.17±1.76 mm  and 33.92±3.50 mm respectively.The mean transverse diameter of foramen mgnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 29.49±2.68 mm and 29.38±2.47 mm respectively.The mean area of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 818.05±119.66 mm² and   847.57±105.85 mm² respectively.The mean index of foramen magnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 84.00±5.41 and 80.27±5.79 respectively.Overall skull bones showed a medium type of foramen magnum index . Conclusion: We concluded that the several anatomic parameters such as shape and dimensions of foramen magnum should be taken into consideration during surgery involving the craniovertebral junction. Also these can be used during forensic and anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, etc Keywords: Skull, foramen magnum, skull.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN DRIED HUMAN SKULL BONES OF NORTH-WEST INDIAN REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 7777-7781
Author(s):  
Suresh Sharma ◽  
◽  
Sakshi Mathur ◽  
Puneet Joshi ◽  
Upendra Kumar Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Indian ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
North West ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Common Shape

Background: The Foramen Magnum is communication between vertebral canal and posterior cranial fossa and important landmark to key structures such as brain, spinal cord, vertebral arteries. Anatomical knowledge of the foramen magnum is significant for understanding the pathophysiology of various disorders of the craniovertebral junction as well as for planning surgical procedures. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 62 dry skulls of unknown gender obtained from the Department of Anatomy. The shape of foramen magnum was classified as oval, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal and irregular in shape and measurements like anterio-posterior diameter and transverse diameter of foramen magnum were taken using the Digital Vernier sliding caliper. Results: In the present study most common shape was oval in 22 (35.48%) skulls, followed by Egg shape in 12 (19.35%) skulls and least common pentagonal shape in 1(1.61%) skulls. In our study the mean anteroposterior diameter was 34.17 mm. and mean transverse diameter was observed to be 28.86 mm. Conclusion: Results of our present study may help in neurosurgeons, orthopedicians, radiologist and anesthetist in North West indian population. KEY WORDS: foramen magnum, skull, transverse diameter, oval.

Complete posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis to correct Chiari malformation type I associated with craniosynostosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Type I ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Tonsillar Herniation ◽  
Chiari Malformation Type I ◽  
Cerebellar Tonsillar Herniation ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tonsillar Descent

OBJECTIVE Posterior vault distraction osteogenesis (PVDO) is an effective tool to increase intracranial volume and expand the posterior cranial fossa. During PVDO, the authors extended osteotomy posterior to the foramen magnum to fully expand the posterior cranial fossa. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of complete PVDO in posterior fossa expansion and treatment of Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) in patients with craniosynostosis. METHODS Patients with craniosynostosis who had undergone complete PVDO between January 2012 and May 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. A coronal osteotomy extending to the foramen magnum was performed and the foramen magnum was decompressed by removing its posterior rim with a 1-mm Kerrison rongeur. Four distractor devices were placed and the vector of distraction was controlled from the posterior to the inferior-posterior direction, depending on the deformity. Changes in the intracranial volume, posterior cranial fossa area, and cerebellar tonsillar descent were measured after complete PVDO by using CT and MRI. RESULTS A total of 11 patients with craniosynostosis and concurrent CM-I were included in the study. The mean age was 34.6 ± 24.0 months (continuous variables are expressed as the mean ± SD throughout). One patient had sleep apnea, which was consistent with CM-I, and another patient had a headache, which was nonspecific. The intracranial volume increased from 1179.6 ± 180.2 cm3 to 1440.6 ± 251.5 cm3 (p = 0.003; 24.5% increase compared to the preoperative volume). The posterior skull base area increased from 44.9 ± 19.3 cm2 to 72.7 ± 18.1 cm2 (p = 0.004). Cerebellar tonsillar descent decreased in all 11 patients after complete PVDO (preoperative: 10.8 ± 3.7 mm, postoperative: 2.7 ± 3.0 mm; p = 0.003). Among the 11 patients, 5 showed complete resolution of cerebellar tonsillar herniation. CONCLUSIONS Complete PVDO can more efficiently expand the posterior cranial fossa, unlike conventional methods. Moreover, it helps to relieve cerebellar tonsillar herniation. Complete PVDO is a powerful tool to increase the intracranial and posterior fossa volumes in patients with craniosynostosis and concurrent CM-I.

Human Foramen Magnum Area and Posterior Cranial Fossa Volume Growth in Relation to Cranial Base Synchondrosis Closure in the Course of Child Development

Neurosurgery ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Coll ◽  
Jean-Jacques Lemaire ◽  
Federico Di Rocco ◽  
Isabelle Barthélémy ◽  
Jean-Marc Garcier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract BACKGROUND: To date, no study has compared the evolution of the foramen magnum area (FMA) and the posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV) with the degree of cranial base synchondrosis ossification. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate these features in healthy children. METHODS: The FMA, the PCFV, and the ossification of 12 synchondroses according to the Madeline and Elster scale were retrospectively analyzed in 235 healthy children using millimeter slices on a computed tomography scan. RESULTS: The mean FMA of 6.49 cm2 in girls was significantly inferior to the FMA of 7.67 cm2 in boys (P <.001). In both sexes, the growth evolved in a 2-phase process, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.75 years old (yo) followed by a phase of stabilization. In girls, the first phase was shorter (ending at 2.6 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.33 yo) and proceeded at a higher rate. PCFV was smaller in girls (P <.001) and displayed a biphasic pattern in the whole population, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.58 yo followed by a phase of slow growth until 16 yo. In girls, the first phase was more active and shorter (ending at 2.67 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.5 yo). The posterior interoccipital synchondroses close first, followed by the anterior interoccipital and occipitomastoidal synchondroses, the lambdoid sutures simultaneously, then the petro-occipital and spheno-occipital synchondroses simultaneously. CONCLUSION: The data provide a chronology of synchondrosis closure. We showed that FMA and PCFV are constitutionally smaller in girls at birth (P ⩽.02) and suggest that a sex-related difference in the FMA is related to earlier closure of anterior interoccipital synchondroses in girls (P =.01).

scholarly journals Changes in the parameters of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex in children with functional constipation and large rectum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Pop ◽  
Simona Tătar ◽  
Otilia Fufezan ◽  
Dorin Farcău
Keyword(s):  
Anorectal Manometry ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Rectoanal Inhibitory Reflex ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inhibitory Reflex

Background. Abdominal ultrasound and anorectal manometry are part of the investigations used to assess children with functional constipation. This study aimed at assessing the changes in the characteristics of the rectoanal inhibitory reflex (RAIR) in children with functional constipation and correlating them with the dimensions of the rectum, measured by abdominal ultrasound. A secondary objective was to compare the rectum size in children with and without constipation. Method. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data and investigations results of 51 children (mean age±standard deviation (SD) =5.8±3.5 years) with functional constipation who came to our clinic between January 2013 and February 2020. The assessment of these patients included both the assessment of the transverse diameter of the rectal ampulla by abdominal ultrasound and anorectal manometry. The studied parameters of RAIR were: the minimal volume of air necessary to induce RAIR, in all the patients with functional constipation, and in 20 of them, relaxation time, latency and relaxation percentage. A control group was formed of 27 children (mean age±DS=5.1±4 years) without digestive diseases and with normal intestinal transit, who were assessed by abdominal ultrasound. Results. The mean value ±SD of the volume of air necessary to induce RAIR was 21.9±12.1 cm3 air. There was no correlation between the rectum transverse diameter and the minimal air volume that triggered RAIR (r=-0.01, p=0.94). The mean value ±SD of the transverse diameter of the rectum in patients with functional constipation was 39±14 mm, and in children without constipation 26±6 mm (p<0.05). The mean duration of the symptoms in children with functional constipation was 2.8 years. Conclusions. There were no correlations between the volume of air that induced the RAIR and the transverse diameter of the rectum in children with functional constipation. The transverse diameter of the rectum was increased in children with long-term functional constipation.

Usefulness of Imaging Fusion for Therapeutic Planning in Skull Base Lesions

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305
Author(s):  
E. Puglielli ◽  
R. Galzio ◽  
A. Ricci ◽  
A. Splendiani ◽  
F. Iannessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Trigeminal Schwannoma ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Skull Base Lesions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planum Sphenoidale ◽  
Skull Base Meningiomas

We propose critical considerations on the usefulness of CT, MRI, and fMRI imaging fusion for the treatment of skull base lesions evaluating 41 cases (24 meningiomas: six petroclival, seven clinoidal, four olfactory, two in the foramen magnum, two spheno-petro-clival, one in the planum sphenoidale, one in the posterior pyramid and one in the PCA; five acoustic schwannomas, three epidermoids, two pituitary adenomas, two craniopharingiomas, two posterior fossa aneurysms, one trigeminal schwannoma, one dermoid and one juvenile angiofibroma). Data were collected, fused, integrated and reconstructed by a dedicated Stealth-Station system for Neuronavigation. CT images were acquired on axial non-overlapping slices, 1–3 mm thick; MRI images were obtained with a 1.5 T system, same FOV and thickness. During surgery the Mean Fiducially Error measured at 6 cm depth and anatomical distortion due to CSF loss was evaluated. Neuronavigation was possible in all cases and successfully applied in preoperative planning and during surgical procedures. The Mean Fiducially Error at 6 cm was 1.7 mm. CSF loss during surgery produced modifications on planned anatomy in a mean value of 0.6 mm. In all cases, imaging fusion for pre and intra-operative neuronavigation provided great advantages in the choice of the best approach, placing of bone flap, correct definition of tumour boundaries and meningeal implant, relationship with functional areas, early identification and real-time correction of the surgical route with respect of deep normal or distorted anatomic or pathologic structures and their eventual encasement or involvement by the pathologic primary process. Neuronavigation appeared ideal for skull base meningiomas making surgical manoeuvres safer, more effective and less invasive. In skull base lesions, CSF loss appeared not significant due to the fact that posterior fossa structures are strictly connected to each other and to the bone, thus are poorly affected by surgical deliquoration. We propose the possible extension of imaging fusion technique with the aim of optimizing the target in radiotherapy for intracranial tumours.

scholarly journals Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum for Sex Determination in South Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Radhakrishna S. K. ◽  
Shivarama C. H. ◽  
Ramakrishna A. ◽  
Bhagya B.
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Oval Shape

AbstractIn this study the foramen magnum was analyzed for sex differences using standard osteometric techniques.We analyzed 100 (55 males and 45 females) skulls from the department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College which were in good condition with a record of sex. The cranial base was visually assessed for foramen magnum shape. Morphometry (anteroposterior diameter (APD)& Transverse diameter (TD)) was determined and their differences by gender (p <0.05) were ascertained.Oval shape was the most common followed by round, tetragonal and pentagonal in both sex. The results demonstrated that sexual dimorphism is present in the foramen magnum. APD and TD were higher in male skulls than females (34.04 vs 31.72 and 28.63 vs 26.59).In incomplete skeletons, metric analysis of the foramen magnum may provide a statistically useful indication as to sex of the unknown skull.

scholarly journals Quantitive Study on Some Aspect of Occipital Area in Domestic Cat (Felis catus)

2016 ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Uddin ◽  
ME Hossain ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MB Hossain ◽  
KN Islam
Keyword(s):  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Occipital Bone ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Occipital Condyles ◽  
Classification And Treatment

This study was planned to investigate some aspects of the morphometric characteristics of the occipital bone and foramen megnum in domestic cat (Felis catus). Twenty adult domestic cat including 10 males and 10 female cats were euthanized using diazepam (@ 20 mg/kg) and their skulls were macerated to give morphometric parameters. Student t-test with level of significance set at 5% (p < 0.05) was used to analyze the obtained values. The height of occipital triangle, width of occipital condyles, width of jugular process were significantly larger in male than female. The mean height and width of the foramen magnum were 1.32 ± 0.09 cm and 1.35 ± 0.08 cm, respectively, while the foramen index was below 100 at 90.72 ± 4.93. Parameters for the foramen magnum index showed significant difference between both sexes at p < 0.05. The foramen magnum showed shape variations and there were multiple hypoglossal foramina in over 80% of the cats. The morphometric values of the occipital bone and foramen magnum and clinical anatomy of the occipital region of the domestic cats provide an important baseline for further research in this field and could help in the better diagnosis, classification, and treatment of diseases related to this region and serve as a future reference defining an anatomic range.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2013), 3(1-4) 18-21

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document