scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Strength of Different Species of Timber

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaniyi Segun Ojo ◽  
Fidelis Monday Idieunmah
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Annual Growth Rings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Static Shear

Timbers are used as structural members in various areas of construction works. Hence the knowledge of properties of wood especially strength and factors affecting the strength of timber is very important. This study was conducted to determine the effect of age on the structural strength of timber. The wood species studied are Iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), Nigerian Mahogany (Khaya anthotheca) and Ita (Celtis mildbraedii). The age of timber were determined by counting the number of annual growth rings, which is the combination of early wood and late wood and samples of different ages of timber, were obtained by personal visit to the forest where fresh timber was cut. The samples obtained were machined and trimmed to standard size with respect to BS 373 1957 (imprint 1999), 20mm X 20mm X 60mm for the determination of maximum compressive strength parallel to grain (MCS//), 20mm X 20mm X 20mm for static shear strength and 20mm X 20mm X 300mm to determine the bending strength. The samples obtained were carried to the laboratory at Forestry Research Institutes of Nigeria (FRIN) in Ibadan for testing using Instron Tensiometer machine. SPSS was used to analyze the relationship between strength and age of timber. The result obtained showed that the maximum compressive and Shear strength for Iroko, were at 120years, whereas it has maximum bending strength at 70years. Nigeria Mahogany and Ita has maximum compressive, bending and shear strength at 80 years, and 70 years respectively and among the three timber samples Ita is better in compression and shear strength and iroko is better in bending strength. It was concluded that age of timber has significant influence on timber strength

The Interpretive Structural Model of EPC Project Risk Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 513-517 ◽  
pp. 3269-3272
Author(s):  
Jing Min Wang ◽  
Yan Mei Li ◽  
Yi Ping Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Performance Contracting ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
Interpretive Structural Model ◽  
The Relationship

Project invested with a type of Energy Performance Contracting has many stakeholders and its structure is complex. Risk factors produced from it are so widespread that its hard to control the risks of EPC project. Analyzing EPC project risks with interpretive structural model, solving reachability matrix and establishing Interpretive Structural Model to identify the relationship between factors and the surface, middle and deep risk factors affecting EPC project based on determination of risks, which provides a reference for policies and measures formulation of the relevant departments.

Determination of the Shear Strength of Unsaturated Loess Based on the Fractal Model Theory of Unsaturated Soils

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Jing Yu Chen ◽  
Ying Hai
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Unsaturated Loess ◽  
The Relationship

The shear strength value of unsaturated loess is required in the design in geotechnical engineering in the North and the North West of China. In 2004, a new method, that is the fractal model theory, was proposed for determining the shear strength of unsaturated soil. Based upon the fractal model theory, the surface fractal dimension DS and the air entry value of two unsaturated loess samples are obtained from their soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC), the shear strength contribution due to matric suction of the two loess samples is determined, a new approach for determination of the shear strength of unsaturated loess with its SWCC is presented. By comparing results of this paper with those of the laboratory tests, the relationship between the SWCC and the shear strength of unsaturated loess is discussed and the validity of the fractal model theory for unsaturated loess is explained.

scholarly journals Influence of Binding Rates on Strength Properties of Moulding Sands with the GEOPOL Binder

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Holtzer ◽  
D. Drożyński ◽  
A. Bobrowski ◽  
W. Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Inorganic Binder ◽  
Splitting Strength ◽  
Moulding Sand ◽  
Tensile And Bending Strength

Abstract The results of investigations of moulding sands with an inorganic binder called GEOPOL, developed by the SAND TEAM Company are presented in the paper. Hardeners of various hardening rates are used for moulding sands with this binder. The main aim of investigations was determination of the influence of the hardening rate of moulding sands with the GEOPOL binder on technological properties of these sands (bending strength, tensile strength, permeability and grindability). In addition, the final strength of moulding sands of the selected compositions was determined by two methods: by splitting strength and shear strength measurements. No essential influence of the hardening rate on such parameters as: permeability, grindability and final strength was found. However, the sand in which the slowest hardener (SA 72) were used, after 1 hour of holding, had the tensile and bending strength practically zero. Thus, the time needed for taking to pieces the mould made of such moulding sand will be 1.5 - 2 hours.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE HOUSING PREFERENCES OF HOMEBUYERS IN KUALA LUMPUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puvaneswary Thanaraju ◽  
Puteri Ameera Mentaza Khan ◽  
Nur Hafizah Juhari ◽  
Sheelah Sivanathan ◽  
Nurhayati Md Khair
Keyword(s):  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Housing Preferences ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Market Report ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The Relationship

The Malaysian Property Market Report 2016 reported that Malaysian properties transactions were down, office occupancies were down, and simultaneously unsold units were up. Almost two thirds of the total homes that developers launched remained unsold, comprising 90,491 units at the end of 2016 including of those completed, under construction, and not constructed. In recent years, the declining phenomenon in the property market is getting worse apparently. The reason behind this situation is mainly due to the rising cost of living which causes the purchasing power to be weakened; therefore, to buy a property or even goods for daily use has become difficult as the overall spending power of the Malaysians has decreased. Determining the important factors that impact upon the decision making of the house purchasing process could develop a better understanding for both buyers and home providers which eventually could avoid the ‘unsold’ properties scenario in the market. Hence, the objective of this research is to evaluate the relationship between the three main factors identified which are financial, location, and neighbourhood towards the housing preferences of homebuyers in Kuala Lumpur. A total of 100 respondents, ranged between 25 to 34 years old, responded to the survey, and the results were derived using the multiple regression analysis. The results favour the locational factors that contribute significantly to the determination of a buyer’s preferences when purchasing a house.

scholarly journals Analisis Hubungan DPRD Dan Pemerintah Kota Palangka Raya Pada Penyusunan Dan Penetapan Peraturan Tentang APBD

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah ◽  
Nenie Adriati Lambung
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
Budget Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the relationship between the DPRD and the City Government of Palangka Raya in the preparation and determination of the Regional Budget and to describe and analyze the factors that influence the relationship between the DPRD and the City Government of Palangka Raya in the preparation and stipulation of APBD regulations. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods. The types and sources of data chosen by researchers are primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques used to obtain information are interviews and documentation. The results showed that the pattern of interaction between the executive and the legislature in the discussion of the Regional Expenditure Budget (APBD) in Palangka Raya City in 2018, starting from the stages of KUA and PPAS formulation and the RAPBD discussion until the budget approval stage was always colored by several phenomena of interaction between the executive and legislative to carry out the functions of authority to master each other, dominate. In determining budget policy, it was found that the relationship between the DPRD and the City Government of Palangka Raya in the preparation and stipulation of the Regional Budget was still conducive so that it did not lead to deadlock in the formulation and determination of the Palangka Raya City Budget in 2018. Factors affecting the interaction of DPRD and Palangka City Government Raya in the preparation and determination of APBD is the existence of a special mission to negotiate in the form of non-agenda, bargaining with executives to gain the interests of the legislature, a vision that may be different in running a good governance (transparent, democratic, good, fair, responsible and objective ) and equalize the same understanding in responding to every issue and scene in formulating local regulations on APBD and their implementation.

Shear resistance of remoulded soils by viscometric and fall-cone methods: a comparison for the Canadian sensitive marine clays

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kenneth Torrance
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Shear Resistance ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Marine Clays ◽  
The Relationship

The coaxial viscometer can be used to extend the measurement of the shear resistance of a soil below the range of applicability of the fall cone and other standard geotechnical methods. The factors affecting the relationship between yield stress determined by the viscometer and remoulded shear strength determined by the fall cone are such that the correlation must be separately determined for each soil material. Approaches to determining this correlation, for quick clays and other soils, are proposed. Key words: sensitive clays, yield stress, shear strength, rheology.

scholarly journals Effects of the thickness of rotary-cut veneers on properties of plywood sheets. Part 2. Physical and mechanical properties of plywood materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 118-129
Author(s):  
J. Hrázský ◽  
P. Král
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Institutional Research ◽  
Nominal Thickness

The second part of the paper summarizes results of an institutional research aimed at the determination of physical and mechanical properties of different sets of plywood sheets pressed under different conditions. The first part dealt with the determination of compressibility or values of decreasing the thickness of pressed plywood sheets. In this second part, results are summarized of the analysis of physical and mechanical properties of the set of whole-beech plywood sheets of the nominal thickness of veneers amounting to 1.5 mm. The plywood sheets were manufactured as seven-ply and urea-formaldehyde resin DUKOL S was used for their production. The sheets were pressed using a pressure of 1.5 and 1.7 MPa. Following parameters were analyzed: moisture, density, bending strength, MOE in bending and shear strength.

scholarly journals Relationship between Spokesperson’s Gender and Advertising Color Temperature in a Framework of Advertising Effectiveness

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (s1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Pilelienė ◽  
Viktorija Grigaliūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Color Temperature ◽  
Advertising Effectiveness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Advertising spokesperson is one of the undeniably important factors affecting advertising effectiveness. However, advertising spokesperson has to have some particular features to be effective. Various previous researches resulted in determination of different features of advertising spokesperson and their effectiveness; i.e. type of a spokesperson (celebrity vs. a regular person); gender and race of a spokesperson; etc. were found to have an impact on the spokesperson’s effectiveness. However, the research on the impact of shooting color temperature on its effectiveness is still scarce. Moreover, an assumption can be made that color temperature might cause a different effect depending on advertising spokesperson’s gender. The aim of this paper is to fill this gap by analyzing the relationship between spokesperson’s gender and advertising color temperature in a framework of advertising effectiveness. Neuromarketing research methods were applied to meet the aim and to determine the guidelines for its usage in advertising.

scholarly journals Molecular markers in population genetics and breeding of cultivated plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юрий Чесноков ◽  
Yuriy Chesnokov ◽  
Наталья Кочерина ◽  
Natalia Kocherina ◽  
Владимир Косолапов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cultivated Plant ◽  
Agricultural Plants ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Information on the use of molecular and traditional genetic markers in population genetics and breeding of agricultural plants is presented. An assessment of the level of diversity in populations is given using different types of markers, both at the level of alleles and at the level of individual nucleotides, including the measurement of differentiation within different marker systems. The relationship between molecular divergence, phenotypic divergence and co-origin described. The factors affecting the reliable determination of quantitative trait loci highlighted. Special attention is paid to the mapping of Mendelian genes. Special attention paid to the physiological and biochemical characteristics and their role in the manifestation and identification of economically valuable properties of cultivated plant species. Information is provided on the main hardware and software commonly used to conduct statistical calculations and establish a disequilibrium of marker/trait linking in populations. The purpose of the main computer programs, the most widely used for genetic mapping and establishing a marker / trait association, is briefly discussed.

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