scholarly journals Heteromorphism of Persistence of Sapronosis Causative Agents in Cells in Various Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
L. M. Somova ◽  
B. G. Andryukov ◽  
I. N. Lyapun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Stressful Environment

The paper discusses the issues of morphofunctional variability of sapronoses pathogens in stressful environment. In the current century, sapronoses infections attract increasing attention. Under unfavorable environmental conditions the pathogens use the strategy for the formation of resting (stable) states, that is: viable but non-culturable cell formes and persistent bacteria, which are characterized by reduced metabolism and changes in the morphology and physiology of the microorganisms, termination of replication. Possibility of sapronoses pathogens survival in interepidemic period and antibiotic resistance formation, which play an important role in chronic infections, are associated with the formation of persistent forms of bacteria. The literature extensively discusses mechanisms and conditions of the pathogenic bacteria stable states formation and their pathogenetic contribution to infectious pathology, whereas ultrastructural organization and morphological variability of persistent cell forms, as well as their differentiation, causing the pathogens population heterogeneity, is still insufficiently illuminated. Based on the analysis of current data and their own experience, the authors evaluate the morphological and functional changes of bacteria stable cellular forms and their role in sapronoses pathogens adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals Heteromorphism of Persistence of Sapronosis Causative Agents in Cells in Various Environmental Conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
L. M. Somova ◽  
B. G. Andryukov ◽  
I. N. Lyapun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Population Heterogeneity ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Stressful Environment

The paper discusses the issues of morphofunctional variability of sapronoses pathogens in stressful environment. In the current century, sapronoses infections attract increasing attention. Under unfavorable environmental conditions the pathogens use the strategy for the formation of resting (stable) states, that is: viable but non-culturable cell formes and persistent bacteria, which are characterized by reduced metabolism and changes in the morphology and physiology of the microorganisms, termination of replication. Possibility of sapronoses pathogens survival in interepidemic period and antibiotic resistance formation, which play an important role in chronic infections, are associated with the formation of persistent forms of bacteria. The literature extensively discusses mechanisms and conditions of the pathogenic bacteria stable states formation and their pathogenetic contribution to infectious pathology, whereas ultrastructural organization and morphological variability of persistent cell forms, as well as their differentiation, causing the pathogens population heterogeneity, is still insufficiently illuminated. Based on the analysis of current data and their own experience, the authors evaluate the morphological and functional changes of bacteria stable cellular forms and their role in sapronoses pathogens adaptation strategies.

scholarly journals Immunuhistochemical features of the ovaries’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mother, whose pregnancy was complicated by chronic infections of lower genital tracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 246-261
Author(s):  
V. O. Poliyasnyi ◽  
L. S. Kupriianova
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Cortical Substance ◽  
Complicated Pregnancy ◽  
Clear Increase

The following article presents results of the complex research on postulation of immunohistochemical features of the ovaries’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers with HILGT comparing to ones in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. The materials of the research are: 25 fetuses from mothers with HILGT as well as 25 fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy. All fetuses had died antenatally and inranatally, as a result of violation of uteroplacental and umbilical-uterine circulation. Research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical. The organometric method revealed a clear decrease of main indexes of the fetuses’ ovaries from mothers with a complicated pregnancy comparing to ones in case of organs of fetuses from healthy mothers. Morphometric method revealed a clear decrease of a relative volume of cortical substance as well as a clear increase of a relative volume of brain substance in the gonads of fetuses from the main group; as well as it showed a clear decrease of an index of follicular tissue’ relative volume, likewise a clear increase of an index of interstitial component relative volume.The staining by picrofuxin by van Gieson method revealed a massive growth of the connective tissue in all strucutral components of organs of fetuses from mothers with HILGT relatively to gonads of fetuses from healthy mothers. Using of MCAT to main types of collagens allowed to reveal a violation of maturation of main types of collagens in the structure of connective tissue of fetal gonads in the main group. In the follicular component of the fetuses’ ovaries in the main group are appearing mature, cystic-artretic and growing forms of follicles. Immunohistochemical method revealed an increased number of an apoptotically altered eggs in the ovaries of fetuses from mothers with HILGT comparing to one in organs of fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy.  The peroxidase method revealed an increased endotheline-producing activity of the vascular component as arterial, like a venous type; likewise a clear decrease of the hormone-producing activity in the ovaries of fetuses from mothers with HILGT comparing to such indexes in fetal organs of fetuses from mothers with physiological pregnancy. The complex of changes in the ovaries of fetuses with a 21-28 weeks of gestational term, which was described, was formed under the influence of the chronic hypoxia, prolonged antigenic stimulation as well as hormonal violations in the mother-placenta-fetus system, which is a leading link of the infectious pathology’ pathogenesis. The aforementioned complex of the structural and functional changes in the ovaries of fetuses from mothers with HILGT in a gestational term of 21-28 weeks indicates violations in implementation and formation of the fetal gonads, as well as it could further lead to disorders of the germinal function in the female organism.

scholarly journals Enzybiotics LYSSTAPH-S and LYSDERM-S as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Chronic MRSA Wound Infections

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Lukáš Vacek ◽  
Šárka Kobzová ◽  
Richard Čmelík ◽  
Roman Pantůček ◽  
Lubomír Janda
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Sequence Types

Antibacterial antibiotic therapy has played an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections for almost a century. The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics leads to an attempt to use previously neglected antibacterial therapies. Here we provide information on the two recombinantly modified antistaphylococcal enzymes derived from lysostaphin (LYSSTAPH-S) and endolysin (LYSDERM-S) derived from kayvirus 812F1 whose target sites reside in the bacterial cell wall. LYSSTAPH-S showed a stable antimicrobial effect over 24-h testing, even in concentrations lower than 1 µg/mL across a wide variety of epidemiologically important sequence types (STs) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially in the stationary phase of growth (status comparable to chronic infections). LYSDERM-S showed a less potent antimicrobial effect that lasted only a few hours at concentrations of 15 μg/mL and higher. Our data indicate that these antimicrobial enzymes could be of substantial help in the treatment of chronic MRSA wound infections.

scholarly journals Potentiation of Tobramycin by Silver Nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc B. Habash ◽  
Mara C. Goodyear ◽  
Amber J. Park ◽  
Matthew D. Surette ◽  
Emily C. Vis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT Increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacterial species is a serious public health problem and has prompted research examining the antibacterial effects of alternative compounds and novel treatment strategies. Compounding this problem is the ability of many pathogenic bacteria to form biofilms during chronic infections. Importantly, these communities are often recalcitrant to antibiotic treatments that show effectiveness against acute infection. The antimicrobial properties of silver have been known for decades, but recently silver and silver-containing compounds have seen renewed interest as antimicrobial agents for treating bacterial infections. The goal of this study was to assess the ability of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of various sizes, alone and in combination with the aminoglycoside antibiotic tobramycin, to inhibit established Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Our results demonstrate that smaller 10-nm and 20-nm AgNPs were more effective at synergistically potentiating the activity of tobramycin. Visualization of biofilms treated with combinations of 10-nm AgNPs and tobramycin reveals that the synergistic bactericidal effect may be caused by disrupting cellular membranes. Minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays using clinical P. aeruginosa isolates shows that small AgNPs are more effective than larger AgNPs at inhibiting biofilms, but that the synergy effect is likely a strain-dependent phenomenon. These data suggest that small AgNPs synergistically potentiate the activity of tobramycin against P. aeruginosa in vitro and may reveal a potential role for AgNP/antibiotic combinations in treating patients with chronic infections in a strain-specific manner.

scholarly journals Muscle contraction dynamics during chronic alcoholization

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
O. Podpalova
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Chronic Alcohol Abuse

Alcoholic myopathy is considered a multifactorial disease. The mechanisms leading to the development of muscle pathology in the case of excessive alcohol consumption have several implementation options. Chronic alcohol intake and acute alcohol intoxication can reduce the rate of protein synthesis, including myofibrillar proteins, leading to at least 2 functional changes in contractile processes: increased relaxation time and inadequate, incorrect muscle contraction. Chronic alcohol abuse contributes to the impairment of muscle contraction, including the reduction of the force and mechanokinetic parameters of contraction, which may be the result of the ultrastructural organization disruption of myocytes and their atrophy, because ethanol is able to interact directly on membrane structures. Impaired membrane structures and increased Ca2+ -ATPase activity lead to changes in calcium homeostasis and impaired muscle contractile function.Alcohol myopathy is also represents by skeletal muscles weakness, which is caused by a decreasement of the relative weight of myosin, desmin, actin and troponin, titin and nebulin, as ethanol and acetaldehyde act like as potent inhibitors of synthesis of myofibilar and sarcoplasmic proteins. The purpose of the study was to compare the dynamics of the parameters of skeletal muscle contraction of alcoholic rats using electrical stimulation with different relaxation times. In the first series of the experiment, we performed stimulation of m.tibialis rats with electrical pulses of 2.3.4.5 seconds. With a relaxation period of 30 s. In the next series of experiments, we increased the relaxation time to 1 min. in these stimulating conditions, myopathic muscles tend to increase the relaxation time rather than qualitatively or quantitatively change the dynamics of its contractile processes.

scholarly journals Two SecA/SecY Systems with Distinct Roles in the Ecological Adaptations of Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Mario A. Fares
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Secretion Systems ◽  
Membrane Pore ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Ecological Diversification ◽  
Ecological Adaptations

AbstractBacteria interact with their environment through the secretion of a specific set of proteins (known as secretome) through various secretion systems. Molecular modifications of these secretion systems may lead to the emergence of new bacterial-environment interactions, although this remains unexplored. In this study we investigate the possible link between molecular and functional changes in secretion proteins and the ecological diversity of bacteria. We studied functional modifications in secretion proteins by identifying events of functional evolutionary divergence—that is, changes at the molecular level that have driven changes of protein’s function. We present data supporting that these functional diversifications occurred in essential secretion proteins in bacteria. In particular, functional divergence of the two most important secretion proteins SecA and SecY in pathogenic bacteria suggests that molecular changes at these proteins are responsible for their adaptations to the host. Functional divergence has mainly occurred at protein domains involved in ATP hydrolysis in SecA and membrane pore formation in SecY. This divergence is stronger in pathogenic bacteria for protein copies resulting from the duplication of SecA/SecY, known as SecA2/SecY2. In concert with these results, we find that the secretome of bacteria with the strongest functional divergence is enriched for proteins specialized in the interaction with specific environments. We unravel evolutionary signatures that link mutations at secretion proteins to the ecological diversification of bacteria.

scholarly journals Can contrasting environmental conditions of mangroves induce morphological variability in Aratus pisonii (Crustacea: Brachyura: Sesarmidae)?

2016 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Beatriz López-Sánchez ◽  
Enrique Quintero-Torres ◽  
Adriana Oliveiras-Durand
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Aratus Pisonii

scholarly journals Mechanisms of damage of acinar pancreatic cells in acute alcohol pancreatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
L. A. Mozheiko
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Trypsinogen Activation ◽  
Pancreatic Cells

The review analyzes the current data on the main mechanisms of toxic effects of alcohol and its metabolites on pancreatic acinar cells in acute pancreatitis. It is shown that the mechanisms of cellular damage are multicomponent and closely linked by the regulatory factors of the molecular level. At the early stage of the disease, they lead to the following structural and functional changes in acinar cells that promote the premature intracellular trypsinogen activation and autoaggression: sustained rise of cytosolic Ca2+ and excess of mitochondrial matrix Ca2+; destabilization due to lysosomes and zymogen granules; debective autophagy; mitochondrial depolarization; decreased ATP production and necrosis.

scholarly journals Pathogenetic mechanisms of development of myocardial pathology in patients with malignant tumors: the current state of the problem

Kardiologiia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
A. G. Obrezan ◽  
N. V. Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Myocardial Pathology

The myocardium, which has a high metabolic activity, responds to metabolic disorders and energy imbalance induced by a growing malignant tumor. In addition, the tumor itself can produce substances that directly affect metabolic processes and the life cycle of cells not involved in the neoplastic process, including cardiomyocytes. This review summarized and systematized current data on individual aspects of detrimental effects of oncogenes and tumor-related factors on the heart muscle and morpho-functional changes in the cardiovascular system of oncology patients. Also, the authors described in detail development of these pathogenetic mechanisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document