scholarly journals Prodolžat’/prodolžit’: una strana coppia

Author(s):  
Nika Zoričić

The aim of the present article is to investigate the aspectual status of the Russian verbs prodolzhat’ and prodolzhit’. It is shown that the form prodolzhal is very frequently used in the past tense as a perfective verb with inchoative value in sequences of single events. Furthermore, the diachronic analysis of the examples reveals that, in the past tense, the form prodolzhit’ until the 1990s was much less commonly used than the form prodolzhat’. Taking into account these results, in the article is hypothesized that the form prodolzhat’ in the past tense may be considered a biaspectual verb.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 109-193
Author(s):  
Axel Holvoet ◽  
Vaiva Žeimantienė

The present article introduces the ambidirectional, a construction (or sometimes just a distinct type of use of a gram basically serving another function) referring to two-way motion events in the past. The discussion starts out from the notion of absentive, which has already established itself in the literature since de Groot (2000). In many languages the construction ‘be’ + INF, claimed to be an absentive, exists only in a past-tense variety. It is argued that such constructions do not meet the definitional criteria for absentives. We here propose to describe them as ambidirectionals, by which we understand a construction (or a specific type of use of a gram with a broader array of functions) denoting two-way motion-cum-purpose events in the past. The absentive can be characterised as a particular type of use of an ambidirectional construction, which allows different focusing: either a holistic view is given of the motion event or its outward point is focused upon, and in the latter case the presence of an external observer yields the absentive interpretation. The fact that the constructions involved are basically ambidirectional explains why in many languages they are restricted to the past, while other languages allow occasional or regular extensions to the domain of the present.


2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Lea Sawicki

The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.  


Author(s):  
Raphael A. Cadenhead

Although the reception of the Eastern father Gregory of Nyssa has varied over the centuries, the past few decades have witnessed a profound awakening of interest in his thought, particularly in relation to the contentious issues of gender, sex, and sexuality. The Body and Desire sets out to retrieve the full range of Gregory’s thinking on the challenges of the ascetic life through a diachronic analysis of his oeuvre. Exploring his understanding of the importance of bodily and spiritual maturation in the practices of contemplation and virtue, Raphael Cadenhead recovers the vital relevance of this vision of transformation for contemporary ethical discourse.


Author(s):  
З.И. Годизова ◽  
Д.В. Габисова

Актуальность предпринятого исследования обусловлена тем, что причастие в современном осетинском языке не привлекало активного внимания ученых, имеются лишь общие описания причастий, а специальные исследования, посвященные причастиям, практически отсутствуют. Представляется интересным и актуальным сравнение системы причастий и их грамматических особенностей в осетинском и русском языках. Этот интерес обусловлен принадлежностью сопоставляемых языков к общей индоевропейской семье языков, а также тесным их взаимодействием в условиях двуязычия, что, очевидно, может отразиться и на системе причастий. Научная новизна данной статьи заключается в том, что в ней исследуются грамматические особенности всех разрядов причастий в осетинском языке в сопоставлении с русским языком. На основании проведенного анализа установлено, что в современном осетинском языке система причастий включает пять разрядов, разнообразных в своих грамматических проявлениях, в степени регулярности, в склонности переходить в состав других частей речи. Выявлены наиболее значительные отличия осетинских причастий от русских: существование причастий будущего времени в системе осетинского языка, отсутствие у причастий показателей времени и залога, а также именных грамматических категорий (падежа, числа, рода). Установлено также, что в осетинском языке категория вида в большей степени управляет категорией времени, в силу чего несовершенный вид причастий предполагает только настоящее время, а совершенный только прошедшее отсутствует четкая залоговая оппозиция причастий в осетинском языке. Определено также, что осетинские причастия не имеют членных (полных) форм, но функционируют в роли и сказуемого, и определения, хотя в большей степени тяготеют к предикативной роли. В осетинском языке причастия гораздо менее употребительны сравнительно с причастиями в русском языке и чаще вступают в отношения грамматической омонимии с другими частями речи. The relevance of the undertaken study is determined by the fact that participles in the modern Ossetian language are still insufficiently studied. There are only the most general descriptions of grammar features of participles. The comparison of the system of participles and their grammar features seems interesting and actual, especially considering the fact that the Ossetian and Russian languages belong to different groups of the Indo-European language family. Furthermore, in the context of bilingualism the Russian and Ossetian languages interact actively and that can affect the system of participles. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact that it examines the grammatical features of all categories of participles in the Ossetian language in comparison with the Russian language. The conducted research allowed to elicit five categories in the system of participles in the modern Ossetian language. The analysis of the results showed the participles are diverse in their grammatical characteristics, in the degree of regularity, and in the tendency to transition into other parts of speech. The research defined the most significant differences between Ossetian and Russian participles: existence of future participles in the system of the Ossetian language absence of adjectival grammar categories of gender, number and case as well as formal markers of tense and voice in Ossetian participles. The tense category in Ossetian subordinates to the aspect category to a far greater extent therefore the imperfective aspect of participles accepts the present tense forms only, while perfective acts in the past tense forms Ossetian participles lack explicit voice opposition. Ossetian participles do not have full forms, but they can have syntactic functions of both the predicate and the attribute in a sentence, although the predicative function is more typical for them. Participles in the Ossetian language are much less common compared to participles in Russian and are more disposed to conversion (transition to the category of nouns, verbal adverbs, adjectives, words of the state category).


2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. VAN CAENEGEM

The unification of European law – if it is ever achieved – belongs to the future, but much of this present article will be devoted to the past. This makes me look like the ancient Roman king Janus, upon whom the god Saturn bestowed the gift of seeing the future as well as the past, which led to his famous representation, in his Roman temple, as a man with two faces. As a professional historian I am, of course, concerned with past centuries, but the future of Europe and European law concerns me as a citizen of the Old World.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Patrício Aureliano Silva Carneiro

Resumo: Um dos grandes desafios dos estudos históricos reside na incorporação e análise dos processos espaciais e dos elementos territoriais responsáveis por influenciar as temporalidades e os eventos e por modelar e organizar o espaço no passado. No presente artigo, procuramos salientar a importância dessa articulação, discorrendo sobre as inter-relações entre as categorias tempo e espaço, história e geografia. Com base em bibliografia anglo-saxônica, revisamos os aspectos conceituais da geografia histórica, a contribuição dos principais estudiosos e as novas tendências e desafios desse plano de abordagem.Palavras-chave: Geografia e história. Geografia histórica. Teoria e metodologia. THEORY AND TRENDS OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHYAbstract: One of the most significant challenges in the historical studies lies in the incorporation and analysis of spatial processes and territorial elements which influence temporality and events, as well as fashion and organize space in the past. The present article aims at emphasizing the importance of such relation as well as the connections between space and time, history and geography. Based on Anglo-Saxon bibliography, we review the conceptual aspects of historical geography, the most prominent authors’ contributions along with the new trends and challenges of this approach plan.Keywords: Geography and History. Historical Geography. Theory and Methodology. QUESTIONS THÉORIQUES ET TENDANCES DE LA GÉOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUERésumé: L’un des grands défis des études historiques, réside, dans l’incorporation et l’analyse des processus spatiaux et des éléments territoriaux responsables d’influencer les temporalités et les événements, et de modéliser et organiser l’espace dans le passé. Dans cet article, nous essayons de souligner l’importance de cette articulation, en discutant les interrelations entre le temps et l’espace, l’histoire et la géographie. Sur la base de la bibliographie anglo-saxonne, nous passons en revue les aspects conceptuels de la géographie historique, la contribution des principaux chercheurs et les nouvelles tendances et défis de ce plan d’approche.Mots-clés: Géographie et histoire. Géographie historique. Théorie et méthodologie.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Marina Akimova

The author explores various compositional levels of the Russian modernist author Mikhail Kuzmin’s long poem “The Trout Breaks the Ice”. The levels are: (1) the grammatical tenses vs. the astronomical time (non-finite verb forms (imperative) are also assumed to indicate time); (2) the meters of this polymetric poem; (3) realistic vs. symbolic and (4) static vs. dynamic narrative modes. The analysis is done by the chapter, and the data are summarized in five tables. It turned out that certain features regularly co-occur, thus supporting the complex composition of the poem. In particular, the present tense and time regularly mark the realistic and static chapters written in various meters, whereas the past tense and time are specific to the realistic and dynamic chapters written in iambic pentameter. The article sheds new light on the compositional structure of Kuzmin’s poem and the general principles of poetic composition.


2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Rashid Chandio ◽  
Shadab Fatima ◽  
Tarique Tarique ◽  
Saira Soomro

A well-prepared abstract enables the reader to identify the basic content of a document quickly and accurately, to determine its relevance to their interests, and thus to decide whether to read the document in its entirety. The Abstract should be informative and completely self-explanatory, provide a clear statement of the problem, the proposed approach, or solution, and point out major findings and conclusions. The Abstract should be 100 to 200 words in length. The abstract should be written in the past tense. Standard nomenclature should be used and abbreviations should be avoided. No literature should be cited. The keyword list provides the opportunity to add keywords, used by the indexing and abstracting services, in addition to those already present in the title. Judicious use of keywords may increase the ease with which interested parties can locate our article.


2021 ◽  
pp. 160-182
Author(s):  
Jasna Mikić

Abstract. The present article explores the use of grammatical forms in job advertisements published over the past 60 years (1958, 1978, 1998 and 2018). A historical examination of the use of gender forms in employment is based on analysis of job advertisements published in the Slovenian language, and the particular socioeconomic context. The results show that the frequency of use of the masculine, feminine and neutral forms has not drastically altered over the decades. In general, feminine and neutral forms were used less frequently, and the masculine grammatical form consistently dominates. In 2018, the latter was seemingly ‘neutralised’ by adding the abbreviation M/F


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