scholarly journals Cytogenetic and cytological analysis of advanced genetic material of cape gooseberry Physalis peruviana for use in plant breeding

Caryologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLARA VIVIANA FRANCO FLOREZ ◽  
SARA ALEJANDRA LIBERATO GUIO ◽  
ERIKA PATRICIA SANCHEZ BETANCOURT ◽  
FRANCY LILIANA GARCÍA ARIAS ◽  
VÍCTOR MANUEL NUÑEZ ZARANTES
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

The cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana L., is a crop that is transitioning from a semi-wild rural food source to becoming an international export commodity fruit deserving of greater attention from the scientific community, producers, policy makers and opinion makers. Despite its importance, the crop has serious technological development challenges, mainly associated with the limited supply of genetically improved materials for producers and consumers. In the present study, the level of ploidy of 100 genotypes of gooseberry from a working collection was determined by counting the number of chromosomes and chloroplasts, to include them in the breeding program. The number of chromosomes in dividing cells of root-tip meristems, as well as the number of chloroplasts per guard cell, from plants grown in vitro and ex vitro conditions were determined. Haploid with 24 chromosomes, doubled haploid-tetraploid with 48 chromosomes, aneuploid (44 and 49 chromosomes) and mixoploid genotypes with 36 to 86 chromosomes were found. The number of chloroplasts / cell guard ranged from 4-8, 6-16, 7-16 and 9-21 for the haploid, aneuploid, doubled haploid-tetraploid and mixoploid genotypes, respectively. Evidence of a high cytogenetic diversity in the evaluated genotypes.

scholarly journals Generation of doubled haploid lines from winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding material using in vitro anther culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 150-158
Author(s):  
Osama Zuhair Kanbar ◽  
Csaba Lantos ◽  
Paul Karumba Chege ◽  
Erzsébet Kiss ◽  
János Pauk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Doubled Haploid Lines ◽  
Dh Lines

We investigated the anther culture (AC) efficiency of thirteen F<sub>4</sub> combinations of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The genotype dependency was assessed during the induction of the androgenic entities, i.e. embryo-like structures (ELS), regenerated-, green-, albino-, and transplanted plantlets. The number of green plantlets per 100 anthers (GP/100A) varied from 0.36 to 24.74 GP/100A with a mean of 8.31 GP/100A. Albino plantlets (AP) occurred in each combination, ranging from 0.20 to 22.80 AP/100A with an average value of 5.59 AP/100A. Between 25–87.76 doubled haploid (DH) plants per 100 acclimatised plantlets (DH/100ADP), depending on the combination, with a mean of 59.74% were recovered. We have found the highest DH production in the combinations Béres/Midas, Kalász/Tacitus, Béres/Pamier, and Premio/5009. This improves remarkably the choice of basic genetic material in subsequent crossing programmes. These observations emphasise the usability and efficiency of in vitro AC in producing a large number of DH lines for breeding and the applied researches of winter wheat. Although albinism was found in each combination, it was mitigated by the in vitro AC application.

scholarly journals In vitro conservation of Cape gooseberry through slow-growth nodal segment cultures

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
Renata Alves Lara Silva Rezende ◽  
Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues ◽  
Ramiro Machado Rezende ◽  
Joyce Dória Rodrigues Soares ◽  
Moacir Pasqual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Growth ◽  
In Vitro Conservation ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Osmotic Agents ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of temperature and osmotic agents on the in vitro conservation of Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana). Temperatures at 18 and 25°C, as well as the osmotic agents sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol were tested. A short-term in vitro conservation of Cape gooseberry can be achieved at 18°C, using 30 g L-1 sucrose.

scholarly journals Heat stress tolerance assayed in four wine-producing grapevine varieties using a cytogenetic approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Ana Carvalho ◽  
Fernanda Leal ◽  
Manuela Matos ◽  
José Lima-Brito
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Mitotic Cell Cycle ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Excessive Heat ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Treatment Interaction

The degree of tolerance to heat stress (HS) differs among grapevine varieties. HS affects the duration and the regularity of the cell cycle in plants. The cytogenetic studies in grapevine are scarce, and the consequences of HS in the mitosis are barely known. This work intends to evaluate the consequences of induced HS in the mitotic cell cycle and chromosomes of four wine-producing varieties: Touriga Franca (TF), Touriga Nacional (TN), Rabigato and Viosinho using a cytogenetic approach. HS (1h at 42 ºC) was induced in plants of the four grapevine varieties that grew in vitro for 11 months. Plants of the same varieties and with equal age were used as control (maintained in vitro at 25 ºC). Three plants per variety and treatment (control and HS) were analysed. After HS, root-tips were collected in all plants and immediately fixed to be used for the preparation of mitotic chromosome spreads. In total, 6,116 root-tip cells were scored. Among the 5,973 dividing cells, 24.33% showed different types of irregularities in all mitotic phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase). After HS, the mitotic index (MI) decreased in the varieties TF and Viosinho, and increased in TN and Rabigato, relatively to the control. However, the average values of MI did not show statistically significant differences (p ˃ 0.05) among varieties, treatments and for the variety x treatment interaction. The percentage of dividing cells with anomalies (%DCA) increased after HS in all varieties relatively to the control. The average values of %DCA presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) only between treatments. As far as we know, this work constitutes the first cytogenetic evaluation of the HS effects in the mitotic cell cycle and chromosomes of grapevine using meristematic cells of root-tips. TN has been considered tolerant to various abiotic stresses (drought and excessive heat and light) based on other methodologies. TF and Viosinho have been referred as tolerant to abiotic stress without deeper studies available, and till the development of our investigation, the sensibility of Rabigato was unknown. Among the varieties analysed in this work, Rabigato revealed to be the less tolerant to HS. This research can be useful for selection of grapevine clones more tolerant to HS for commercialization and for the improvement of the economic sustainability.

Impacto de la Poliploidia en Physalis peruviana L. en condiciones in vitro

Veritas ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Deysi Paola Caballero Condori ◽  
María Rosario Elsa Valderrama Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Physalis Peruviana

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la concentración y tiempo de exposición de la colchicina para la duplicación del número cromosómico de Physalis peruviana L.  en  condiciones  in  vitro.  Para  tal  fin  primeramente  se  determinó  la  concentración  de  los reguladores de crecimiento para establecer en in vitro brotes de P. peruviana, posteriormente los segmentos nodales fueron sometidos a diferentes concentraciones de colchicina (0.05%, 0.10%  y 0.15 %) durante tres tiempos de exposición (12, 24 y 36 horas). El medio MS suplementado con 0.3 mg/L de BAP permitió establecer en in vitro brotes de P. peruviana. Con la aplicación de 0,05% y 0,10% de colchicina por un tiempo de exposición de 36 horas, se obtuvo plantas cuyos números cromosómicos van de 8n-8=88 y plantas mixoploides, teniendo en cuenta que el número cromosómico en condiciones normales encontrados fue de 4n-4=44 cromosomas. Las características morfológicas y anatómicas de las plantas que duplicaron su número cromosómico encontradas en el presente estudio son de poseer menor altura, mayor área foliar, estomas con menor densidad pero de mayor tamaño y con mayor número de cloroplastos.

scholarly journals Transcription of 4′-thioDNA templates to natural RNA in vitro and in mammalian cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (37) ◽  
pp. 7887-7890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideto Maruyama ◽  
Kazuhiro Furukawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Kamiya ◽  
Noriaki Minakawa ◽  
Akira Matsuda
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Rna Polymerases ◽  
Chemically Modified ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Modified Nucleic Acids

Synthetic chemically modified nucleic acids, which are compatible with DNA/RNA polymerases, have great potential as a genetic material for synthetic biological studies.

scholarly journals Lentiviral Vectors for Delivery of Gene-Editing Systems Based on CRISPR/Cas: Current State and Perspectives

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Wendy Dong ◽  
Boris Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lentiviral Vector ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Base Editing ◽  
Epigenome Editing ◽  
Vector Systems ◽  
Dividing Cells

CRISPR/Cas technology has revolutionized the fields of the genome- and epigenome-editing by supplying unparalleled control over genomic sequences and expression. Lentiviral vector (LV) systems are one of the main delivery vehicles for the CRISPR/Cas systems due to (i) its ability to carry bulky and complex transgenes and (ii) sustain robust and long-term expression in a broad range of dividing and non-dividing cells in vitro and in vivo. It is thus reasonable that substantial effort has been allocated towards the development of the improved and optimized LV systems for effective and accurate gene-to-cell transfer of CRISPR/Cas tools. The main effort on that end has been put towards the improvement and optimization of the vector’s expression, development of integrase-deficient lentiviral vector (IDLV), aiming to minimize the risk of oncogenicity, toxicity, and pathogenicity, and enhancing manufacturing protocols for clinical applications required large-scale production. In this review, we will devote attention to (i) the basic biology of lentiviruses, and (ii) recent advances in the development of safer and more efficient CRISPR/Cas vector systems towards their use in preclinical and clinical applications. In addition, we will discuss in detail the recent progress in the repurposing of CRISPR/Cas systems related to base-editing and prime-editing applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Salt Stress on Growth and Metabolite Profiles of Cape Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) along Three Growth Stages

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2756
Author(s):  
Daissy Monroy-Velandia ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Salt Stress Response ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Growth Differences ◽  
Cape Gooseberry

Colombia is the main producer of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.), a plant known for its various consumption practices and medicinal properties. This plant is generally grown in eroded soils and is considered moderately tolerant to unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient-poor soils or high salt concentrations. Most studies conducted on this plant focus on fruit production and composition because it is the target product, but a small number of studies have been conducted to describe the effect of abiotic stress, e.g., salt stress, on growth and biochemical responses. In order to better understand the mechanism of inherent tolerance of this plant facing salt stress, the present study was conducted to determine the metabolic and growth differences of P. peruviana plants at three different BBCH-based growth substages, varying salt conditions. Hence, plants were independently treated with two NaCl solutions, and growth parameters and LC-ESI-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of metabolites were then measured and compared between salt treatments per growth substage. A 90 mM NaCl treatment caused the greatest effect on plants, provoking low growth and particular metabolite variations. The treatment discrimination-driving feature classification suggested that glycosylated flavonols increased under 30 mM NaCl at 209 substages, withanolides decreased under 90 mM NaCl at 603 and 703 substages, and up-regulation of a free flavonol at all selected stages can be considered a salt stress response. Findings locate such response into a metabolic context and afford some insights into the plant response associated with antioxidant compound up-regulation.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial enrichment in infertile patients: a review of different mitochondrial replacement therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 263349412110235
Author(s):  
Cristina Rodríguez-Varela ◽  
Sonia Herraiz ◽  
Elena Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
External Source ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Third Party ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Mitochondrial Transfer ◽  
Infertile Patients

Poor ovarian responders exhibit a quantitative reduction in their follicular pool, and most cases are also associated with poor oocyte quality due to patient’s age, which leads to impaired in vitro fertilisation outcomes. In particular, poor oocyte quality has been related to mitochondrial dysfunction and/or low mitochondrial count as these organelles are crucial in many essential oocyte processes. Therefore, mitochondrial enrichment has been proposed as a potential therapy option in infertile patients to improve oocyte quality and subsequent in vitro fertilisation outcomes. Nowadays, different options are available for mitochondrial enrichment treatments that are encompassed in two main approaches: heterologous and autologous. In the heterologous approach, mitochondria come from an external source, which is an oocyte donor. These techniques include transferring either a portion of the donor’s oocyte cytoplasm to the recipient oocyte or nuclear material from the patient to the donor’s oocyte. In any case, this approach entails many ethical and safety concerns that mainly arise from the uncertain degree of mitochondrial heteroplasmy deriving from it. Thus the autologous approach is considered a suitable potential tool to improve oocyte quality by overcoming the heteroplasmy issue. Autologous mitochondrial transfer, however, has not yielded as many beneficial outcomes as initially expected. Proposed mitochondrial autologous sources include immature oocytes, granulosa cells, germline stem cells, and adipose-derived stem cells. Presently, it would seem that these autologous techniques do not improve clinical outcomes in human infertile patients. However, further trials still need to be performed to confirm these results. Besides these two main categories, new strategies have arisen for oocyte rejuvenation by improving patient’s own mitochondrial function and avoiding the unknown consequences of third-party genetic material. This is the case of antioxidants, which may enhance mitochondrial activity by counteracting and/or preventing oxidative stress damage. Among others, coenzyme-Q10 and melatonin have shown promising results in low-prognosis infertile patients, although further randomised clinical trials are still necessary.

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